Deck 8: Early Deterministic Radiation Effects on Organ Systems

Question 1

For persons with hematopoietic syndrome,survival time shortens as the radiation dose:

A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains the same.
D) there is no survival time for persons with the hematopoietic syndrome.

Answer 1

increases.

Question 2

A single absorbed dose of 2 Gyt can cause a radiation-induced skin erythema within:

A) 1 hour after irradiation.
B) 6 hours after irradiation.
C) 12 hours after irradiation.
D) 24 to 48 hours after irradiation.

Answer 2

24 to 48 hours after irradiation.

Question 3

A term that is synonymous with epilation is:

A) alopecia.
B) atrophy.
C) desquamation.
D) radiodermatitis.

Answer 3

alopecia.

Question 4

As a result of numerous reported patient injuries that have been associated with the use of ____________________,better management of the use of such procedures is essential.

A) computed tomography
B) high-level fluoroscopy
C) routine chest radiography
D) routine fluoroscopy

Question 5

The prodromal stage of acute radiation syndrome is also referred to as the:

A) initial stage.
B) latent period.
C) manifest illness period.
D) recovery period.

Question 6

In 1898,after sustaining severe burns attributed to radiation exposure,this Boston dentist began investigating the hazards of radiation exposure and became the first known advocate of radiation protection:

A) Marie Curie
B) Clarence Madison Dally
C) Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
D) William Herbert Rollins

Question 7

Some local tissues sustain immediate consequences from high radiation doses.Examples of such tissues include:
1)bone marrow.
2)male and female reproductive organs.
3)skin.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

The correct order of development for the female germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is:

A) ovum, mature follicle, corpus luteum, primordial follicle.
B) corpus luteum, primordial follicle, mature follicle, ovum.
C) primordial follicle, ovum, corpus luteum, mature follicle.
D) primordial follicle, mature follicle, corpus luteum, ovum.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a form of acute radiation syndrome?

A) Carcinogenic syndrome
B) Hematopoietic syndrome
C) Gastrointestinal syndrome
D) Cerebrovascular syndrome

Question 10

The correct order of development of the male germ cell from the stem cell phase to the mature cell is:

A) spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm.
B) spermatocyte, spermatogonia, spermatid, sperm.
C) spermatid, spermatogonia, spermatocyte, sperm.
D) sperm, spermatid, spermatogonia, spermatocyte.

Question 11

Studies of radiation therapy patients who received orthovoltage radiation therapy treatments provide:

A) no evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.
B) minimal evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.
C) a moderate amount of evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.
D) significant evidence of skin damage caused by radiation exposure.

Question 12

Revised atomic bomb data for Hiroshima and Nagasaki suggest that radiation-induced leukemias and solid tumors occurring in the survivors may be attributed to exposure to which of the following?

A) X-rays
B) Gamma radiation
C) Neutrons
D) Various nonionizing radiations

Question 13

The hematopoietic form of acute radiation syndrome is also called the:

A) Auger syndrome.
B) bone marrow syndrome.
C) cerebrovascular syndrome.
D) mutational syndrome.

Question 14

In females the oogonia,the ovarian stem cells:

A) divide and reduce in number only during fetal development.
B) multiply to millions of cells only during fetal development.
C) are not present during fetal life.
D) are present only in very small numbers during fetal life.

Question 15

The term LD 50/30 signifies the whole-body dose of radiation that can be lethal to:

A) 50% of the exposed population in 30 days.
B) 30% of the exposed population in 50 days.
C) 50% of the exposed population in 50 days.
D) 30% of the exposed population in 30 days.

Question 16

Atrophy refers to:

A) aging of the skin from radiation exposure.
B) shrinkage of organs and tissues after a high radiation dose is received.
C) necrosis of the hypodermis from radiation exposure.
D) wrinkling of the skin from radiation exposure.

Question 17

Research has shown that repeated radiation injuries have a:

A) cumulative effect.
B) quadratic effect.
C) sigmoidal effect.
D) threshold effect.

Question 18

Genetic mutations have been produced in experimental female animals when their ovaries were irradiated with doses as low as:

A) 0.10 Gy.
B) 0.15 Gy.
C) 0.20 Gy.
D) 0.25 Gy

Question 19

Which of the following are classified as early deterministic somatic effects of ionizing radiation?

A) Erythema, cataract formation, and cancer
B) Nausea, epilation, and intestinal disorders
C) Male and female sterility, embryologic defects, and cancer
D) Blood disorders, fever, and genetic effects

Question 20

Attempts have been made to measure chromosome aberrations after diagnostic x-ray imaging procedures:

A) and these studies have been very successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
B) but successful results have not been achieved in these studies.
C) but these studies have only been moderately successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
D) these studies have only been minimally successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.

Question 21

Moist and dry desquamation can be caused by:

A) high radiation doses.
B) low radiation doses.
C) radiation doses received during routine diagnostic imaging procedures.
D) radiation doses received during routine mammography.

Question 22

During the major response stages of acute radiation syndrome after the initial stage,the period when symptoms that affect the hematopoietic,gastrointestinal,and cerebrovascular systems become visible,is called:

A) the latent period.
B) manifest illness.
C) the prodromal syndrome.
D) recovery.

Question 23

Which of the following is the reason why the ovaries should be shielded whenever possible during all imaging procedures?

A) Gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage that can be passed on to future generations.
B) Gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage, but it cannot be passed on to future generations.
C) Gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in genetic mutations that can be passed on to future generations.
D) There is no valid reason why the ovaries should be shielded whenever possible during all imaging procedures.

Question 24

Grenz rays were once used to treat and cure:

A) Acute radiation syndrome.
B) cancer.
C) lupus disease.
D) skin diseases such as ringworm.

Question 25

A decrease in the number of neutrophils can be caused by a radiation dose of:

A) 0.1 Gy.
B) 0.2 Gy.
C) 0.3 Gy.
D) 0.5 Gy.