Deck 11: A: Psychopaths

Question 1

The terms "psychopathy" and "sociopathy" are:

A)the same
B)completely unrelated
C)always used interchangeably
D)related but distinct concepts
E)used to describe the same concept

Answer 1

related but distinct concepts

Question 2

Which Canadian researcher developed the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised?

A)Olson
B)Cleckley
C)Patrick
D)Hare
E)Hart

Answer 2

Hare

Question 3

Robert's parents feel he exhibits reckless behaviour,irresponsibility,and lack of remorse.Robert has been this way since birth,and his parents feel he has a difficult temperament.Robert might have:

A)psychopathy
B)avoidant personality disorder
C)affective disorder
D)borderline personality disorder
E)psychosis

Answer 3

psychopathy

Question 4

The most widely used self-report questionnaire to assess psychopathy are:

A)Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised
B)Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
C)Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
D)Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised and the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
E)Psychopathy Checklist-Revised

Question 5

Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)share many of the same features.However,APD places more emphasis on:

A)antisocial behaviours
B)emotional deficits
C)gender
D)cognitive skills
E)criminal history

Question 6

Hervey Cleckley's book ____________________ provided one of the most extensive clinical descriptions of psychopaths.

A)The Psychopath
B)Evil People
C)The Mask of Sanity
D)Master Manipulator
E)Callous

Question 7

Factor 2 is most strongly related to reoffending,substance abuse,lack of education,and:

A)Emotional processing deficits
B)Predatory violence
C)Poor treatment response
D)Poor family background
E)All of the above

Question 8

Dr.Shelby was hired by the prosecution and asked to provide a PCL-R rating for an offender on trial for sexual assault.The defence hired Dr.Krane to provide a PCL-R rating for their client as well.Based on the concept of adversarial allegiance,how would the ratings of the two psychologists differ?

A)Dr.Shelby would provide a lower PCL-R rating than Dr.Krane.
B)Dr.Krane would provide a higher PCL-R rating than Dr.Shelby.
C)Dr.Shelby would provide a higher PCL-R rating than Dr.Krane
D)Dr.Shelby and Dr.Krane would both provide low ratings of psychopathy.
E)Dr.Shelby and Dr.Krane's ratings would be similar as the disorder is assessed the same independent of who is doing the assessment.

Question 9

A diagnosis of psychopathy does fulfill the disease of the mind requirement but it has never fulfilled the second requirement of:

A)knowing the victim
B)not appreciating the nature or quality of the act
C)previously having been committed in a psychiatric institute
D)having spent a night in a psychiatric facility
E)having a diagnosed mood disorder

Question 10

All of the following are challenges associated with using self-report questionnaires to assess psychopathy except:

A)Psychopaths will manipulate tests to reflect their best interests
B)Psychopaths are generally less intelligent thus can't respond accurately
C)Psychopaths will have difficulty reporting on specific emotions they may never have felt
D)Psychopaths may not have sufficient insight into their own traits and behaviour
E)All of the above are challenges with using self-reports to assess psychopathy.

Question 11

The PCL-R has been supported by researchers for use with:

A)males
B)females
C)forensic psychiatric patients
D)sexual offenders
E)all of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is not an example of how the construct of psychopathy has influenced court decisions?

A)support a transfer from youth to adult court
B)contribute to dangerous offender designation
C)determine parole eligibility
D)assess mental state at time of offense
E)prove incompetence or unfitness to stand trial

Question 13

______ of offenders can be classified as psychopaths.

A)1%-10%
B)10%-25%
C)30%-35%
D)40%-50%
E)This cannot be measured

Question 14

Psychopaths have been called:

A)exceptional predators
B)interpersonal predators
C)intraspecies predators
D)predatory species
E)special predatory

Question 15

The tendency for mental health experts to be biased toward those who hire them refers to:

A)Expert bias
B)Adversarial allegiance
C)The hired gun approach
D)The Mr.Big technique
E)Juror bias

Question 16

Which statement accurately reflects the asymmetrical relationship between APD and psychopathy?

A)Nearly all psychopathic offenders meet the diagnostic criteria for APD,but most diagnosed with APD are not psychopaths.
B)Nearly all offenders diagnosed with APD would also be diagnosed as psychopaths,but most psychopaths would not also be diagnosed as APD.
C)Offenders that are diagnosed with APD are ineligible for a diagnosis of psychopathy,but those diagnosed as psychopaths also may be diagnosed as APD.
D)Offenders that are diagnosed as psychopaths are ineligible for a diagnosis of APD,but those diagnosed as APD also may be diagnosed as psychopaths.
E)Psychopaths are never diagnosed as having APD,but offenders with APD are often misdiagnosed as psychopathic.

Question 17

What term is used by the Inuit in Alaska to describe a psychopathic personality?

A)Kunlangeta
B)Windigo
C)Aranakan
D)Yorubas
E)Trickster

Question 18

Studies using self-report psychopathy scales in university populations have reported that high psychopathy scores are associated with all of the following behaviours except:

A)Cheating on exams
B)Defrauding a lottery
C)Detecting vulnerable victims
D)Owning "vicious" dogs
E)Child molestation

Question 19

Based on the triarchic model of psychopathy developed by Patrick,Fowles,and Krueger (2009),self-report measures of psychopathy tap into which three main personality components?

A)Fearless dominance,self-centered impulsivity,coldheartedness
B)Erratic lifestyle,callous affect,interpersonal manipulation
C)Boldness,meanness,disinhibition
D)Impulsivity,criminal tendencies,empathy reduction
E)Antisocial attitudes,deficient emotions,deceitful interpersonal style

Question 20

In an experiment measuring cheating behaviours and psychopathy,the best predictor of cheating was:

A)low scores on the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
B)low scores on the Psychopathy Checklist Revised
C)high scores on the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
D)high scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
E)high scores on both the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised

Question 21

Psychopathic rapists are more likely to be:

A)emotionally driven
B)anxious
C)opportunistic and vindictive
D)disorganized
E)feeling negative emotions prior to the rape

Question 22

Recent research by Porter,ten Brinke,and Wilson (2009)have found that psychopathic offenders can manipulate the criminal justice system in relation to parole and early release.Which statement best reflects their findings?

A)Psychopaths are often denied early release because they tend to reoffend faster in the community.
B)Psychopaths and non-psychopaths have equal chances of getting early release,but psychopaths reoffend faster in the community.
C)Psychopaths are given early release from prison more often than non-psychopaths,and tend not to reoffend quickly once out of prison.
D)Non-psychopaths are more likely to be given early release relative to psychopaths,and do not reoffend in the community as fast as psychopaths.
E)Psychopaths are given early release from prison more often than non-psychopaths,but are less successful in the community because they reoffend faster.

Question 23

In a study by Woodworth and Porter (2002)examining the use of instrumental motives,psychopaths engaged in instrumental murder in ______ of cases:

A)93%
B)77%
C)50%
D)34%
E)10%

Question 24

A recent study on sex differences in psychopathic traits by Neumann,Schmitt,Carter,Embley,and Hare (2012)found:

A)that lifestyle traits (i.e.,risk-taking)are more prevalent than antisocial traits (i.e.,violence)in general
B)that females score higher on lifestyle traits and men score higher on antisocial traits
C)that males score higher on lifestyle traits and females score higher on antisocial traits
D)that antisocial traits (i.e.,violence)are more prevalent than lifestyle traits (i.e.,risk-taking)in general
E)that men and women do not score differently across psychopathic trait categories and are both equally likely to be psychopathic.

Question 25

In a sample of 60 rapists,Brown and Forth (1997)found:

A)PCL-R scores are related with number of prior offenses but not number of prior sexual offenses
B)PCL-R scores are related with number of prior offenses and the number of prior sexual offenses
C)PCL-R scores are not related to prior offenses but were predictive of the number of prior sexual offenses
D)PCL-R scores are not related to prior offenses or the number or prior sexual offenses
E)all rapists had high PCL-R scores and more sexual offenses than nonpsychopathic offenders

Question 26

Recent studies suggest that psychopathic traits may be high for a subset of people belonging to which particular occupational group?

A)Doctors
B)Dentists
C)Professors
D)Corporate managers
E)Police officers

Question 27

In a study by Coid et al.(2009)measuring psychopathy in a sample of community members ____ of these individuals scored zero on the PCL-SV.

A)10%
B)19%
C)44%
D)71%
E)100%

Question 28

Psychopathic offending is:

A)narrow and specific
B)versatile
C)high density
D)both a and b
E)both b and c

Question 29

Psychopaths differ from other offenders in what way?

A)They begin their criminal careers younger.
B)They persist longer.
C)Their use of violence lacks an emotional aspect.
D)They commit a greater variety of violent offenses.
E)all of the above

Question 30

The "faint hope clause" allows offenders convicted of murder to:

A)be released from prison after serving 5 years of their sentence
B)apply for parole before their eligibility date
C)apply for appeals
D)make special dietary request in prison
E)leave prison to visit family once a year

Question 31

Which of the following is not a myth associated with psychopathy?

A)All psychopaths are violent
B)Psychopaths are all intelligent
C)Psychopaths are trea
D)Psychopaths do not know the difference between right and wrong
E)There are no women psychopaths

Question 32

Kirkman (2005)reported that non-incarcerated psychopaths in heterosexual relationships tend to display all of the following characteristics except:

A)Multiple infidelities
B)Mistreatment of children
C)Emotional abuse
D)Dependence and insecurity
E)Isolation and coercion

Question 33

Evidence for overkill and enjoyment for hurting the victim (sadistic violence)was related to:

A)offense history
B)PCL-R scores
C)family background
D)level of education
E)none of the above

Question 34

Several studies have found that offenders who engage in ___________ violence score significantly higher on measures of psychopathy than do offenders who engage in ___________ violence.

A)reactive; premeditated
B)impulsive; reactive
C)instrumental; premeditated
D)reactive; instrumental
E)instrumental; reactive

Question 35

According to Hare (1993)we are more likely to _____________ than be murdered by a psychopath.

A)lose our life savings to a psychopath
B)fall in love with a psychopath
C)work with a psychopath
D)be tricked by a psychopath
E)become friends with a psychopath

Question 36

Researchers agree that:

A)experiencing traumatic events during childhood always leads to the development of psychopathic traits later in life
B)experiencing traumatic events during childhood never leads to the development of psychopathic traits
C)most psychopaths experience trauma during their childhood
D)psychopaths do not have the ability to experience traumatic events
E)many psychopaths do not experience trauma during their childhood

Question 37

The relatively small number of psychopaths account for:

A)relatively small amount of crime
B)relatively small amount of violent crime
C)proportionate amount of crime
D)disproportionately large amount of crime
E)no crime

Question 38

Olver and Wong (2009)found that psychopathic offenders who remained in treatment were:

A)more likely to violently reoffend
B)more likely to manipulate prison staff
C)less likely to violently reoffend
D)likely not to show any treatment gains
E)more likely to be long-term offender

Question 39

In Rice,Harris,and Cormier's (1992)study to evaluate treatment outcomes in psychopaths,which group had the highest reoffending rate?

A)untreated nonpsychopaths
B)treated nonpsychopaths
C)untreated psychopaths
D)treated psychopaths
E)offenders who dropped out of the study

Question 40

Gerald is classified as a sexual offender and is considered to be a part of the sex offender group that has been found to have the lowest psychopathy scores.What type of sex offender is Gerald?

A)Sexual homicide offender
B)Mixed sexual offender
C)Child molester
D)Rapist
E)Exhibitionist

Question 41

Quayle (2008)provided several recommendations for interviewing and interrogating a psychopathic suspect,including all of the following except:

A)Show liking or admiration
B)Use a lot of bluffs
C)Avoid criticism
D)Avoid conveying emotions
E)Convey experience and confidence

Question 42

The best research design to determine the extent to which family experiences influence the development of psychopathic traits is:

A)prospective longitudinal studies
B)retrospective studies
C)cross-sectional studies
D)experimental
E)We do not yet know how to study these phenomena.

Question 43

Recent research has suggested that psychopaths' performance deficits on emotional tasks may not result from amygdala dysfunction,but rather deficits in

A)memory
B)decision making
C)language
D)attention
E)perception

Question 44

Retrospective studies assessing callous/unemotional traits in youth or psychopathy in adults by asking them about their childhood experiences have found that psychopathic individuals report lower levels of

A)child abuse
B)parental care
C)family conflict
D)prosocial relations
E)number of siblings

Question 45

Mock jurors presented with information on a juvenile psychopath are:

A)likely to support the death penalty
B)not likely to support the death penalty
C)likely to support rehabilitation
D)both b and c
E)none of the above

Question 46

Which of the following is not a function of the amygdala?

A)memory
B)decision making
C)language
D)defence reactions
E)emotional expression

Question 47

Psychopathic traits in youth are related to __________ but not _____________.

A)depression and anxiety; IQ scores and education
B)IQ scores and education; depression and anxiety
C)depression and anxiety; violence and aggression
D)delinquency and aggression; depression and anxiety
E)depression and anxiety; delinquency and aggression

Question 48

In a study Caldwell et al.(2006)examining treatment outcomes in youth with high scores on the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version,the youth who received treatment in a correctional centre had:

A)lower reoffending rates than youth treated in a treatment centre
B)lower violent reoffending rates than youth treated in a treatment centre
C)twice the reoffending rates of youth treated in a treatment centre
D)twice the violent reoffending rates of youth treated in a treatment centre
E)the rates of reoffending were the same for both groups of youth

Question 49

What is the three-dimensional factor structure of the Antisocial Process Screening Device?

A)Meanness,deceit,coldness
B)Callous-unemotional,impulsivity,narcissism
C)Narcissism,Machiavellianism,psychopathy
D)Impulsivity,antisocial acts,family relations
E)Coldheartedness,self-centered impulsivity,fearless dominance

Question 50

Oliver has been arrested as the prime suspect in a murder case and is about to undergo an interrogation.Oliver is believed to be highly psychopathic.Based on the suggestions of Quayle (2008),what type of behaviour would not be expected of a psychopathic suspect?

A)Attempting to control the interview
B)Attempting to shock
C)Not being fooled by bluffs
D)Dislikes being the focus of attention
E)Tries to outwit the interrogator

Question 51

Mock jurors are least likely to support the death penalty for which of the following adult offenders?

A)psychopathic offenders
B)psychotic offenders
C)offenders with no mental illness
D)both a and b
E)both b and c

Question 52

In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development,_________ of offenders scoring 10 or more on the PCL:SV had been convicted of an offense.

A)5%
B)27%
C)57%
D)77%
E)97%

Question 53

Based on legislative changes enacted in Bill C-48,which of the following offender groups is no longer eligible to apply for a hearing to request earlier parole eligibility under the faint hope clause provision?

A)Homicide offenders
B)Child molesters
C)Multiple murderers
D)Rapists
E)Dangerous offenders

Question 54

In the lexical-decision task by Williamson,Harpur,and Hare (1991),nonpsychopaths:

A)identified non words faster than psychopaths
B)identified neutral words faster than psychopaths
C)identified emotional words faster than psychopaths
D)identified emotional words faster than neutral words
E)both c and d

Question 55

The two theories of psychopathy are:

A)Response modulation deficit; affective theory
B)Startle-blink response; affective theory
C)Response modulation deficit; startle-blink response
D)Antisocial process screening; startle-blink response
E)Affective theory; Antisocial process screening