Deck 1: A: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is the correct pairing of psychologist to their work?

A)Munsterberg - On the Witness Stand
B)Varendonck - La Suggestibilite
C)Von Schrenck-Notzing - Measurements of Accuracy of Recollection
D)Cattell - retroactive memory falsification
E)Wigmore - Kriminal Psychologie

Answer 1

Munsterberg - On the Witness Stand

Question 2

Which scholar conducted some of the first experiments in eyewitness testimony in the U.S.examining memory for everyday events?

A)Wundt
B)Cattell
C)Binet
D)Stern
E)von Schrenck-Notzing

Answer 2

Cattell

Question 3

According to von Schrenck-Notzing,extensive pretrial press coverage could influence the testimony of people by causing what he called:

A)post-event misinformation
B)memory contamination
C)source monitoring errors
D)exposure distortion
E)retroactive memory falsification

Answer 3

retroactive memory falsification

Question 4

Which of the following individuals would be most interested to hear about research showing that child eyewitnesses can be highly inaccurate?

A)Varendonck
B)Bandura
C)Marston
D)Von Schrenck-Notzing
E)Eysenck

Question 5

The following psychologist was the first to propose a tes theory of criminal behaviour:

A)Bandura
B)Freud
C)Munsterberg
D)Eysenck
E)Marston

Question 6

According to Sheldon's (1949)constitutional theory,which of the following are most likely to become involved with crime?

A)ectomorphs
B)mesomorphs
C)those with lesions in the temporal lobe
D)those having experienced maternal deprivation
E)men with two Y chromosomes

Question 7

According to Eysenck,which of the following would be at risk for criminal behaviour?

A)someone with good conditionability
B)someone with low levels of extraversion and neuroticism
C)someone with high levels of extraversion and neuroticism
D)someone who is easy to socialize
E)someone with low self-control

Question 8

In his studies on suggestibility and testimony in children,Binet found that what type of technique lead to the most accurate recall?

A)Prompted recall
B)Mildly leading
C)Free recall
D)Highly misleading
E)Recognition

Question 9

According to Sutherland's (1939)differential association theory,crime is the result of?

A)poverty
B)labelling
C)learning
D)socio-economic strain
E)high levels of extraversion and neuroticism

Question 10

Which of the following psychologists would be most interested in the expert testimony provided by Varendonck in 1911?

A)a psychologist interested in the diagnosis of juvenile delinquents
B)a psychologist interested in the effect of pre-trial press coverage
C)a psychologist interested in the problems with hypnotic interviewing
D)a psychologist interested in the accuracy of child eyewitnesses
E)a psychologist interested in factors that influence jury decision making

Question 11

Alfred Binet conducted a series of studies to examine how question style influenced the accuracy of child eyewitnesses.He found that:

A)moderately leading questions result in the most accurate answers
B)free recall results in the most accurate answers
C)highly leading questions result in the most accurate answers
D)free recall results in the least accurate answers
E)eyewitness accuracy did not vary across question type

Question 12

John Bowlby's (1944)theory of crime suggests that the primary cause of antisocial behaviour is:

A)low self-control
B)poverty
C)inappropriate role models
D)maternal deprivation
E)chromosomal abnormalities

Question 13

The case of Brown v.Board of Education (1954)has been cited as a significant case in the development of psychology and the law.On what issue in this case did psychologists submit a brief to the Supreme Court?

A)prejudice and discrimination
B)intelligence
C)aggression
D)inclusion of mitigating factors in death penalty decisions
E)gender differences in treatment readiness

Question 14

Which of the following psychologists would be most interested in the expert testimony provided by von Schrenck-Notzing in 1896?

A)a psychologist interested in the diagnosis of juvenile delinquents
B)a psychologist interested in the effect of pre-trial press coverage
C)a psychologist interested in the problems with hypnotic interviewing
D)a psychologist interested in the accuracy of child eyewitnesses
E)a psychologist interested in lie detection

Question 15

A researcher arranges for a confederate to enter his classroom,steal his wallet,and run out.The researcher then asks the students to provide a description of the "offender" in an effort to study eyewitness recall.This is an example of:

A)a verifiable experiment
B)a virtual experiment
C)a reality experiment
D)a misinformation test
E)a subjective recall test

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct pairing of psychologist to theory?

A)Sheldon - strain theory
B)Eysenck - chromosomal theory
C)Akers - social learning theory
D)Hirschi - biosocial theory
E)Sutherland - dyscontrol theory

Question 17

Who is generally considered the father of forensic psychology?

A)John Henry Wigmore
B)Wilhelm Wundt
C)James Ogloff
D)James Cattell
E)Hugo Munsterberg

Question 18

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with labelling theories of crime?

A)Merton
B)Becker
C)Sutherland
D)Bowlby
E)Bandura

Question 19

Stern's 1901 "reality experiment" involved a bogus quarrel between two students in which a gun was involved.Stern concluded that:

A)racial discrimination is common
B)pre-trial media has a strong influence on eyewitness accuracy
C)retroactive memory-falsification tends to occur
D)emotional arousal influences accuracy of recall
E)none of the above

Question 20

Place the following events in chronological order: 1-Cattell conducts some of the first experiments in North America on the psychology of testimony
2-APA recognizes forensic psychology as a specialty discipline
3-Hugo Munsterberg publishes On the Witness Stand
4-The U.S.Supreme courts lays out the Daubert criteria for determining when scientific evidence should be admitted in court

A)4,2,3,1
B)3,4,2,1
C)4,3,2,1
D)1,2,3,4
E)1,3,4,2

Question 21

In what legal case did the Supreme Court of Canada rule that police interrogation techniques using psychological coercion were an accep way to extract confessions and were admissible in court?

A)R.v.Swain
B)R.v.L.T.H.
C)R.v.Gladue
D)R.v.Oickle
E)R.v.Hubbert

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of studying "psychology and the law":

A)Providing expert testimony on child witnesses
B)Studying "are eyewitnesses accurate?"
C)Police using proper interviewing techniques
D)Studying how judicial discretion influences future criminal behaviour
E)Examining how court rulings influence forensic psychologists

Question 23

Dr.Marlon works with the police to determine time of death by examining insect activity surrounding a dead body.Which of the following disciplines does Dr.Marlon work in?

A)Forensic anthropology
B)Forensic odontology
C)Forensic entomology
D)Forensic pathology
E)Forensic podiatry

Question 24

Which of the following is not a likely activity of a clinical forensic psychologist?

A)studying the effects of lighting conditions on eyewitness recall
B)evaluating the parents of a troubled teen for custody and access recommendations
C)delivering treatment programs to high risk sex offenders
D)assessing juvenile delinquents in detention centres for behavioural problems
E)practising relaxation techniques with police officers on leave due to burnout

Question 25

Judges currently use findings from psychological research to decide whether a witness on the stand is lying or not.This is a good example of:

A)psychology and the law
B)psychology in the law
C)informational influence
D)Normalization
E)psychology of the law

Question 26

In what legal case did the Supreme Court of Canada set the guidelines for when,and how,expert testimony should be used in cases involving battered woman syndrome?

A)R.v.Lavallee
B)R.v,Mohan
C)R.v.Gladue
D)R.v.Oickle
E)R.v.Hubbert

Question 27

Historically,psychologists in Canada have made the most significant contributions in what area of forensic psychology?

A)Eyewitness testimony
B)Jury decision making
C)Deception detection
D)Risk assessment and treatment
E)Police selection and training

Question 28

The first federal correctional psychologist was hired in what province or territory?

A)British Columbia
B)Ontario
C)Quebec
D)Northwest Territories
E)Alberta

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of "psychology in the law"?

A)a psychologist providing expert testimony in court on the accuracy of eyewitness identification
B)examining how we can improve the assessment of fitness to stand trial
C)validating a tool for predicting risk of violence
D)a researcher examining factors that affect police decision making in a lab setting
E)studying the impact of a new interrogation technique to see if it decreases the likelihood that people will make false confessions

Question 30

In what legal case did the Supreme Court of Canada first define the criteria for determining when the testimony of expert witnesses,including psychologists,would be admitted in court?

A)R.v.Daubert
B)R.v,Mohan
C)R.v.Gladue
D)R.v.Oickle
E)R.v.Hubbert

Question 31

Which task is likely to be performed by an experimental forensic psychologist?

A)examining the effects of judges' instructions on jury verdicts
B)providing expert testimony
C)examining the effects of correctional programs on reoffending rates
D)studying the effects of police stress on job satisfaction
E)all of the above

Question 32

Which of the following statements concerning our criminal justice system is false?

A)Police officers are good at detecting deception
B)Sex offender treatment can be effective at reducing reoffending.
C)Clinicians who use actuarial risk assessments are better at predicting risk of reoffending relative to those who rely on unstructured professional judgment.
D)Police officers have comparable rates of suicide to the general population.
E)Eyewitnesses can make mistakes when presented with police lineups.

Question 33

Which forensic discipline is concerned with examining the remains of dead bodies in an attempt to determine time and cause of death through autopsy?

A)Forensic anthropology
B)Forensic odontology
C)Forensic entomology
D)Forensic pathology
E)Forensic podiatry

Question 34

According to the narrow definition of forensic psychology,which of the following specialists would not be considered a forensic psychologist?

A)A psychologist who provides risk assessments to the parole board
B)A psychologist who studies how psychopathy influences patterns of offending
C)A psychologist who treats victims and perpetrators of intimate partner violence
D)A psychologist who consults with lawyers concerning whether their clients are fit to stand trial
E)A psychologist who provides court-mandated treatment to offenders

Question 35

What would be considered the most ethical behaviour for a psychologist who is hired as an expert witness?

A)provide testimony consistent with the party that hired you
B)ensure that both the defence and the prosecution have an expert witness
C)provide testimony relevant to the case as you understand it
D)discuss your testimony with both the defence team and the prosecution team
E)provide only a written report rather than testify in person

Question 36

What is the main difference between an expert witness and other witnesses in court?

A)Expert witnesses are not cross-examined.
B)Expert witnesses can only testify about what they directly observed.
C)Expert witnesses are able to offer their opinion to the court.
D)Expert witnesses are only available for the prosecution.
E)Expert witnesses do not have to meet any criteria before they are allowed to testify.

Question 37

The issue in the case of Jenkins v.United States (1962)that is of most interest to forensic psychologists is?

A)the right for a defendant to plead not guilty by reason of insanity
B)the duty to inform a third party of potential risks
C)the duty to report suspected cases of child abuse
D)the admissibility of expert testimony from psychologists on mental disorders
E)the use of psychology in civil trials

Question 38

Which of the following indicators demonstrates that forensic psychology has established itself as a field?

A)the development of professional associations that represent the interests of forensic psychologists
B)a consensus on the definition of forensic psychology
C)the fact that forensic psychologists now regularly take on the role of legal scholar
D)the fact that criteria for admitting expert testimony from forensic psychologists have become more lenient
E)widespread prescription privileges for forensic psychologists

Question 39

What is the main difference between a clinical forensic psychologist and a forensic psychiatrist?

A)Forensic psychiatrists cannot provide expert testimony in court.
B)Clinical forensic psychologists can prescribe medication.
C)Forensic psychiatrists aren't concerned with mental health issues.
D)Clinical forensic psychologists rely more on a medical model of mental illness.
E)Forensic psychiatrists are medical doctors.

Question 40

Which of the following statements concerning our criminal justice system is true?

A)Police officers are good at detecting deception
B)Getting "tough on crime" works to reduce future criminal behaviour.
C)Police officers are less likely to get divorced than the general population.
D)Sex offender treatment doesn't work.
E)Clinicians can accurately predict whether offenders will commit new offences.

Question 41

Which of the following is not specified by the Daubert criteria,which are used to determine the validity of scientific evidence?

A)the research adheres to professional standards
B)the research is falsifiable
C)the research has been peer reviewed
D)the research has a recognized rate of error
E)the research has been conducted in real-world (i.e.,non-lab)settings

Question 42

Hess (1987,1999)describes seven dimensions along which law and psychology differ.Which of the following statements is false?

A)Psychology is nomothetic and law is idiographic.
B)Psychology is prescriptive and law is descriptive.
C)Psychological knowledge is gained through research and legal knowledge is gained through precedent.
D)A psychologist's behaviour is severely limited within the court while the behaviour of a lawyer is less restricted.
E)Psychology believes in the quest for objective truths whereas the law defines truth subjectively.

Question 43

According to R.v.Mohan (1994),which is not a consideration when determining the admissibility of expert testimony?

A)The expert must be qualified.
B)The testimony must provide information that goes beyond the jurors' common understanding.
C)The evidence provided must be necessary for assisting the trier of fact.
D)The testimony must have been allowed into evidence by a higher court.
E)The evidence must not violate any rules of exclusion.

Question 44

The "general acceptance test" relates to:

A)eyewitness recall
B)child witnesses
C)aggression and segregation in schools
D)suggestive questioning techniques
E)the admissibility of expert testimony

Question 45

Which of the following was not identified by Hess (1987,1999)as a dimension along which law and psychology differ?

A)latitude
B)principles
C)criteria
D)purpose
E)epistemology

Question 46

In what legal case did the Supreme Court of Canada formally acknowledge that jurors can be biased by numerous sources of information,ranging from direct involvement in a case to pretrial publicity or community sentiment?

A)R.v.Swain
B)R.v.L.T.H.
C)R.v.Williams
D)R.v.Oickle
E)R.v.Hubbert

Question 47

Why is the case of R.v.Mohan (1994)so important to forensic psychologists?

A)It stressed the duty to protect a third party.
B)It dealt with the admissibility of expert evidence.
C)It established guidelines for reporting child abuse.
D)It highlighted the importance of client confidentiality.
E)It dealt with the issue of racial segregation.

Question 48

What is the significance of the case of R.v.McIntosh and McCarthy (1997)?

A)It dealt with racial segregation.
B)It raises potential problems with the Mohan criteria.
C)It dealt with issues associated with the insanity defence.
D)It highlighted the importance of voluntary (i.e.,non-coercive)confessions.
E)It established guidelines for cross-examination.

Question 49

According to Hess (1987,1999),which of the following accurately represents a dimension along which law and psychology can be contrasted?

A)Law is idiographic while psychology is nomothetic.
B)Law is descriptive while psychology is prescriptive.
C)Law is proactive while psychology is reactive.
D)Law is academic while psychology is operational.
E)Law defines truth objectively while psychology defines truth subjectively.