Deck 16: Sports in the Future: What Do We Want Them to Be

Question 1

The media help to maintain the popularity of power and performance sports by associating them with

A)storylines that resonate with the experiences of consumers.
B)religious symbols and meanings.
C)everyday economic and political issues.
D)social problems that exist among upper-middle-class families.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

At any point in time in a culture,dominant sport forms

A)represent the interests of people who have power in that culture.
B)involve more of an emphasis on speed than strength.
C)reflect the interests of working-class people.
D)appeal more to the interests of athletes than to spectators.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Older people tend to prefer sports that stress

A)performance as more important than power.
B)the cultivation of the body rather than driving it.
C)intimidation as a strategy.
D)relaxation and an absence of challenges.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Some participants in alternative sports resist attempts to make their sports more like mainstream power and performance sports because they don't want to

A)see competition replace creativity and support for other participants.
B)have older people to develop interests in their sports.
C)make changes in their equipment or the tricks they do.
D)have their friends watch them while they display their skills.

Question 5

The legendary snowboarder Terje Haakonsen felt that spending years perfecting a specialized skill to conform to a single definition of technical perfection in the Olympics

A)was a goal he could not accomplish.
B)was the foundation for all joy in sports.
C)would win medals in the short run but not the long run.
D)would destroy the basis for fun in his sport.

Question 6

The sponsorship of power and performance sports is generally motivated by the idea that it is important to be associated with

A)masses of people participating in sports.
B)athletes and teams who are currently winners.
C)athletes who do community service.
D)groups of spectators known for their enthusiastic support.

Question 7

Organization and rationalization have a tendency to undermine the

A)seriousness of sports.
B)desire to develop physical skills in sports.
C)ability of people to plan sports to fit into their lives.
D)element of play in sports.

Question 8

When people play pleasure and participation sports,they are likely to

A)find it easy to obtain corporate sponsorships.
B)focus on their connections with other participants.
C)avoid all forms of physical exertion.
D)prefer indoor sports over outdoor sports.

Question 9

When considering the future,it is useful to remember that

A)some sports will always exist in pure forms.
B)the future is the result of fate as much as anything else.
C)competition is a part of human nature.
D)sports are social constructions.

Question 10

When commercialism and consumption pervade a society,people are viewed as

A)sources of creativity rather than stagnation.
B)creators of culture rather than citizens.
C)customers rather than citizens.
D)leaders rather than followers.

Question 11

In the introduction to the chapter,the author explains that the future of sports will

A)emerge in an uncontrollable and random manner.
B)involve dramatic changes that will surprise and shock all of us.
C)have little to do with general social conditions and cultural changes.
D)be created as people make choices about what they want sports to be.

Question 12

When commercial ideology pervades sports in a society,sport participation

A)becomes open to everyone.
B)ceases to be attractive to most people.
C)revolves round consumption.
D)is controlled by government.

Question 13

If power and performance sports continue to be popular,we can expect that

A)sports will reproduce ideas emphasizing male-female differences.
B)less emphasis on sport personalities and their private lives.
C)there will be decreased concerns with gender issues.
D)women will outperform men in certain sports based on strength and speed.

Question 14

The emergence of adult kickball in some cities is most likely an example of

A)a child's game being turned into a power and performance sport.
B)a twenty-first century spectacle much like professional wrestling.
C)adults seeking an alternative to power and performance sports.
D)how the profit motive can distort mainstream sport activities.

Question 15

Power and performance sports emphasize that people reach their potential when they

A)achieve machine-like efficiency.
B)develop close relationships with other athletes.
C)reach a state of peak enjoyment.
D)use physical skills to connect with the physical environment.

Question 16

Pleasure and participation sports will become more popular in the future because

A)the average age of the population is getting younger and younger.
B)more women are looking to men as models for how to do sports.
C)fewer people are looking for challenges in physical activities.
D)there are growing concerns about improving health and fitness.

Question 17

The classic embodiment of power and performance sports is

A)Ultimate Frisbee.
B)co-rec softball.
C)international cricket.
D)American football.

Question 18

The Gay Games are an example of

A)an extreme form of power and performance sports.
B)people seeking an alternative to dominant sport forms.
C)people who want to avoid competition in their sports.
D)sports being used to support dominant ideas about sexuality.

Question 19

Pleasure and participation sports generally emphasize

A)exclusive forms of participation.
B)the achievement of competitive success.
C)an ethic of good health.
D)the body as a machine that must be kept well-tuned.

Question 20

The popularity of power and performance sports is connected with gender relations because these sports

A)emphasize co-recreational participation.
B)celebrate physical superiority and dominating others.
C)give women a chance to surpass the performances of men.
D)attract more female spectators than male spectators.

Question 21

Few people have radical goals for changing sports because people who support radical goals usually

A)avoid sports because they don't like physical activities.
B)focus on changing living conditions more than changing sports.
C)believe that sports are unrelated to the rest of society.
D)avoid confrontation in their lives.

Question 22

When highly visible and popular athletes become involved in efforts to change something related to sports,they usually have goals that are

A)conservative.
B)reformist.
C)radical.
D)a combination of reformist and radical.

Question 23

The author points out that celebrity athletes

A)are usually failures when they endorse sports products.
B)seldom have real power as change agents in society.
C)sustain their celebrity by associating with politicians.
D)have more power to change society than they have to sell game tickets.

Question 24

When joining opposition groups to establish a vantage point for changing sports,a person is most likely to be successful when working to

A)oppose mega-events such as the Olympic Games.
B)create more diverse sport spaces at a local level.
C)defeat legislation to build costly stadiums with public funds.
D)establish media coverage of a new sport played by low-income girls.

Question 25

A radical goal for changing sports emphasizes

A)transforming current sports and creating new forms of sports.
B)eliminating sports and all other forms of physical activities.
C)raising funds to support more sports for more people.
D)promoting the growth of power and performance sports.

Question 26

Being an effective change agents requires a vision of what sports and social life could and should be,a willingness to work hard,and

A)a personal history of success as an athlete.
B)a good reputation among people in sports.
C)a job in a large,influential sport organization.
D)an ability to rally the resources needed to produce results.

Question 27

The major demographic change that will influence sports in the future is

A)increased social and cultural diversity.
B)increases in family size.
C)less movement across national borders.
D)more women and children in the workforce.

Question 28

A reformist goal for changing sports emphasizes

A)doing away with sports and replacing them with wellness activities.
B)regulating the use of new forms of technology in sports.
C)improving sports by making them more fair and equitable.
D)using management strategies to make sport organizations more efficient.

Question 29

The most important issue related to the use of technology in sports is

A)how to ban all forms of genetic engineering.
B)regulating the ways that technologies are incorporated into sports.
C)developing laws to restrict the involvement of scientists in sports.
D)how to help girls and women overcome their fears about technology.

Question 30

When people have conservative goals for changing sports,they emphasize

A)the elimination of all sports that are not profit-making.
B)using sports to teach cooperation and sensitivity.
C)changing sports to how they were before 1900.
D)the growth and efficiency of existing sport programs.

Question 31

Using cultural theories as a guide for changing sports would lead to an emphasis on

A)achieving conservative and radical goals.
B)changing symbols,vocabularies,and ideologies.
C)changing socialization processes in families.
D)regulating economic processes related to funding priorities.

Question 32

Using interactionist theories as a guide for changing sports would lead to an emphasis on

A)achieving personal and radical goals.
B)changing patterns of organization in sport organizations.
C)developing alliances with people in sports.
D)a strategic focus on inclusion and transformation.

Question 33

Using structural theories as a guide for changing sports would lead to an emphasis on

A)changing people's identities and role model priorities.
B)developing alliances with people in sports.
C)creating new symbols,values,and beliefs among people in sports.
D)regulating economic processes related to funding priorities.

Question 34

Who would be most likely to use a critical approach as they worked to change sports? Someone with

A)conservative goals.
B)personal goals.
C)reformist goals.
D)radical goals.

Question 35

Which of the following would a professional athlete be most likely to join?

A)A civil rights group that supports affirmative action.
B)A political group lobbying for curriculum changes in a school district.
C)A program to improve reading skills among low-income children.
D)A group working to eliminate income inequality in society.

Question 36

Athletes who endorse transformational changes that involve deep structural and ideological changes in society are

A)usually defined by their fans and by the local media as heroes.
B)most successful when they avoid associating with established organizations.
C)usually trying to enhance their celebrity on a global scale.
D)likely to lose popular support and media coverage.

Question 37

Telecommunications and the electronic media will influence the future because

A)people prefer media content over human relationships.
B)many people want to live much of their lives in virtual realities.
C)people use media content to form standards for assessing their experiences.
D)the media control how and what people think in everyday life.

Question 38

When people use an inside vantage point for changing sports the biggest problem is that by the time they have the power to exert influence they will

A)have a vested interest in maintaining sports as they are.
B)be alienated and unwilling to work for changes.
C)be so old that others will ignore them.
D)lose their interest in sports and sport participation.