Deck 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion

Question 1

Older people tend to prefer sports in which they can focus on

A)performance as an indicator of moral worth.
B)maintaining physical abilities and staying active.
C)using their age to intimidate other competitors.
D)relaxation and an absence of challenges.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Given the current ableist ideology in North America,most social worlds are organized in ways that lead older people and people with a disability to

A)have easy access to forming social relationships with others.
B)be treated as special and superior to others.
C)be segregated from mainstream activities.
D)seek opportunities to play sports.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

People in the baby boom generation in the United States are

A)challenging ageist beliefs and myths about older people.
B)not living as long as their parents.
C)generally less active than their parents.
D)having more children than previous generations.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The belief that rigorous physical exercise enables people to stay youthful and healthy

A)can lead people to conclude that illness is a sign of irresponsibility.
B)provides hope that health care costs can be contained in an aging society.
C)has been proven repeatedly in research de by exercise physiologists.
D)is dangerous because older people don't know how to exercise properly.

Question 5

When it is said that age intersects with other social factors,it means that the sport experiences of older people

A)are much the same for people of the same age.
B)are insignificant when compared to other social activities.
C)vary by gender,ethnicity,and social class.
D)have occurred only under certain social conditions.

Question 6

Studies of middle-age and older people who participate in Masters sports indicate that these people use sports to

A)simultaneously resist and accept the ageing process.
B)set records they could not set during their younger years.
C)stay in shape so they can do their jobs more effectively.
D)obtain discounts on their health insurance policies fill their time.

Question 7

The medical model of disability emphasizes that disability refers to

A)a personal impairment that requires medical treatment to fix it.
B)a social or environmental barrier to full participation in society.
C)any physical inability that prevents a person from achieving personal goals.
D)an individual attitude that prevents physical movement.

Question 8

When older people participate in competitive sports,they

A)tend to be obsessive about their training.
B)prefer team sports over individual sports.
C)focus on progressive improvement and placing high in their age group.
D)often avoid sports with high injury rates.

Question 9

The medical model of disability has remained popular for many years in the United States because

A)people with a disability are true victims of society.
B)medical technology can heal nearly all impairments.
C)people with a disability consider themselves to be inferior.
D)many people continue to accept ableist ideology.

Question 10

Prevailing ableist ideology is based on

A)Jewish religious beliefs about bodies and moral worth.
B)the idea that technology makes physical and intellectual abilities irrelevant.
C)the belief that people can be whatever they want to be regardless of age or ability.
D)an assumption that all impairments are abnormalities.

Question 11

As they become older,people in the baby boom generation in the United States

A)are less physically active than previous generations of older people.
B)are more physically active than previous generations of older people.
C)have higher rates of exercise-induced injuries than past generations.
D)are not regularly active because social security is their only source of income.

Question 12

During most of the 20^th century,older people were

A)forced to stay physically active doing physical labor.
B)told to take it easy and preserve their energy and strength.
C)more active than young people under the age of 20.
D)often given prescriptions for drugs to slow them down.

Question 13

Ableism is a perspective that leads people to overlook that

A)perfection is achieved only through hard work.
B)anyone can do whatever they want to do if they work hard.
C)achieving life goals often requires luck as well as intelligence.
D)variations in ability are a normal part of human existence.

Question 14

The social model disability emphasizes that disability refers to

A)a characteristic that evokes negative reactions when seen by normal people.
B)social and physical environments that interfere with mobility and social involvement.
C)a physical or intellectual impairment that makes a person inferior to others.
D)any condition that interferes with normal participation as a citizen in society.

Question 15

The dominant form of ableist ideology today is shaped by

A)ageism and ableism.
B)corporate capitalism.
C)Darwinism and behaviorism.
D)individualism and the baby boom generation.

Question 16

Ageism is an evaluative perspective that leads people to

A)celebrate the ageing body.
B)value youthfulness more highly than old age.
C)create more sporting opportunities for older people.
D)hope that they will live for a long time.

Question 17

During most of history

A)people have felt comfortable around others who have disabilities.
B)disabled people had impairments,making them seriously abnormal.
C)people who are normal have accepted those with physical disabilities.
D)disability is tied to the ways that people give meaning to difference.

Question 18

Societies in which more than 50 percent of the people live to at least 70 years old are described by historian Peter Laslett as

A)senior societies.
B)societies in demographic decline.
C)third age societies.
D)societies of medical consumers.

Question 19

An impairment becomes a disability only when

A)people with impairments allow a physical weakness to define them.
B)there is no technology that can correct the impairment.
C)people with impairments cannot present themselves to others as normal.
D)accommodations are not made to allow for full participation in a situation.

Question 20

The term "handicapped" refers to

A)people who have impairments that potentially limit sport participation.
B)people with disabilities who are unwilling to play sports.
C)the consequence of being defined as inferior due to perceived disabilities.
D)an inability to move easily in physical environments.

Question 21

In the chapter it is noted that children with disabilities usually have two options if they wish to play sports.One is to find an organized adapted program and the other is to

A)disguise disabilities and play mainstream sports.
B)find a medical treatment that will fix their disability.
C)play informal games with peers who can make adaptations.
D)seek a sport in which physical abilities are not relevant to enjoyment.

Question 22

The events that occurred when the Paralympics wanted to use the five Olympic rings symbol and the Olympic flag during their event that was to follow the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles demonstrates that the

A)IOC has not been a willing supporter of the Paralympic Games.
B)Paralympics has always been able to obtain support from the IOC.
C)IOC and the Paralympics have assisted each other in mutually beneficial ways.
D)merger of the Olympics and Paralympics will occur before 2025.

Question 23

Special education teacher and physical educator Bob Szyman has been working to establish sports for students with a disability.One of his biggest challenges is that students with a disability were

A)given so much homework that they seldom could attend practices.
B)not supported by their parents and other family members.
C)unwilling to share facilities with other teams at their schools.
D)so accustomed to being excluded that they have no expectation to be included.

Question 24

Media coverage of the Paralympics has been uneven in most countries around the world.In the case of the 2012 Paralympics in London,which of the following countries provided no live coverage and little highlights coverage?

A)United States.
B)Australia.
C)England.
D)Canada.

Question 25

When the IOC branded itself and its logo,the Paralympics were forced to

A)cancel the Paralympic Games for over 20 years.
B)allow their athletes to train and compete with Olympic athletes.
C)use a flag that resembled the flag of the IOC.
D)discontinue the use of the 5-teardrop flag.

Question 26

When media coverage of the Paralympics occurs in the Empire of the Normal,we could expect to see

A)most attention given to athletes who appear to be "normal."
B)many athletes who have been seriously disfigured by the violence of war.
C)a disproportionate number of wheelchair sport events.
D)a focus on sleek,efficient prosthetic running legs and the athletes who use them.

Question 27

Research shows that when athletes with disabilities are covered in mainstream media,they are portrayed as "courageous victims" or

A)heroic supercrips.
B)employees of companies that make prosthetic devices.
C)multidimensional people.
D)products of contemporary warfare.

Question 28

According to the Americans with Disability Act,all youth sports open to the public must allow children with disabilities to play unless

A)it would threaten the safety of able-bodied participants.
B)it leads to even minor changes in the procedures used by a league or team.
C)the parents of other children object.
D)it would cause some players to focus on helping children with disabilities.

Question 29

People who define disability by using the social model are likely to view

A)the Americans with Disability Act as a needless piece of legislation.
B)political activism as a futile waste of time.
C)disability as a social issue in need of a social solution.
D)medical treatment as a requirement for receiving government support.

Question 30

Ludwig Guttmann,the father of sports for people with disabilities,was labelled as a radical in 1948 because he

A)believed that athletes with disabilities could compete against Olympic athletes.
B)forced people to confront bodies with disabilities in public.
C)use war veterans with disabilities to argue against war.
D)established a hospital that was called the "Empire of the Normal."

Question 31

Which of the following would be out of place in the Empire of the Normal?

A)High rates of loneliness among people with a disability.
B)Sport leagues that mix ability levels and include people with a disability.
C)Few people with a disability in public places.
D)High school sport programs with no opportunities for students with a disability.

Question 32

In the Empire if the Normal,sports for people with a disability are usually covered as special interest stories.They will not be covered as real sport stories until

A)women and minorities are fully represented in the events.
B)able-bodied people learn to feel sorry for people with disabilities.
C)people with disabilities become fully integrated into the larger community.
D)the Paralympics signs a television rights contract with a major network.

Question 33

The history of disability is a series of stories about how people in various cultures have given meaning to physical and intellectual "difference." "Disability" comes to exist when people with certain differences are defined as

A)others and given over to care by experts.
B)special people and embraced at the social center of a community.
C)God-given gifts that personify the meaning of humanness.
D)a burden to be borne by those who are able-bodied.

Question 34

When using a social model of disability,dealing with disability involves

A)treatment to make a person as normal as possible.
B)efforts to eliminate social and physical barriers that limit participation.
C)developing assistive technologies that eliminate physical impairments.
D)teaching normal people to ignore disabilities and treat everyone as normal.

Question 35

At this time there are multiple barriers that inhibit regular sport participation among people with a disability.Which of the following is not one of those barriers?

A)Overprotective family members and a lack of family resources.
B)Few sport facilities that are fully accessible.
C)An unwillingness of people with a disability to compete against each other.
D)A scarcity of consistent resources needed to fund opportunities.

Question 36

Popular images ignore disability or represent (dis)abled bodies as different.This creates for people with disabilities

A)the need to have an account for why their bodies are "different."
B)the illusion that their bodies do not need fixing.
C)a clear preference to play power and performance sports.
D)the freedom to organize their identities around their abilities and skills.

Question 37

In order to survive during the 21^st century,the International Paralympic Association has

A)allowed the International Olympic Committee to manage its events.
B)adopted a commercial approach similar to that used by the IOC.
C)asked all Paralympic athletes to work as fundraisers.
D)eliminated the Paralympic Games as its premier event and focused on smaller events.

Question 38

U.S.Education Secretary Arne Duncan issued a letter in 2013 informing school officials that they were expected to provide equal sport participation opportunities for students with a disability.The primary response he received was

A)a threat from high school coaches to go on strike if they had to share school facilities.
B)expressions of panic among officials who anticipated problems.
C)support from NCAA officials who wanted more disability sports at the college level.
D)political donations from companies that sell adapted sports equipment.

Question 39

In their study of two Paralympic promotion campaigns,Silva and Howe found that representations of athletes in the Paralympics varied widely and often created controversy.They attributed this to the fact that

A)people do not want to see athletes with physical or intellectual impairments.
B)most people have ageist attitudes and refuse to change them.
C)there is little consensus today on how disability should be represented in sports events.
D)sport is about excellence,and disability makes excellence impossible.

Question 40

Gender ideology influences the meaning given to one's body as we age.This influence is experienced by older

A)women,but not by men.
B)men in sports,but not by women in sports.
C)men and women in and out of sports.
D)women outside of sports,but not in sports.

Question 41

The great sport myth carries over to disability sport organizations in that the people who manage these organizations

A)spend too much time creating enjoyable events and forgetting about excellence.
B)often overlook what must be done if sports are to have the effects they claim.
C)do too many evaluation studies and not enough medical education.
D)assume that events will have negative legacies unless they obtain television coverage.

Question 42

To be eligible to participate in the Paralympics,each athlete must be classified according to his or her physical impairment.This classification must be done by

A)the athlete's general practitioner who has examined and treated the athlete regularly.
B)the athlete's parents and a general practitioner.
C)trained experts who do full examinations and evaluations of the athlete.
D)at least two other athletes who can describe and substantiate the impairment.

Question 43

When people share a particular disability and want to play sports,they are most likely to

A)form their own sport associations and sponsor their own events.
B)disrupt sports events in the Empire of the Normal.
C)try out for high school sport teams.
D)form their own teams and join leagues in the Empire of the Normal.

Question 44

Because of the connotations that come with the labels of "able-bodied" and "disabled," many athletes in the Paralympic Games

A)want to combine the Paralympics and Special Olympics.
B)hide their impairments during competitions.
C)do not describe themselves as disabled.
D)avoid other competitors with similar impairments.

Question 45

The author argues that when we use the opposing categories of "able-bodied" and "disabled," we

A)create dynamics that undermine inclusion.
B)make the concept of ability too complicated.
C)give special privileges to people with a disability.
D)destroy the meaning of "able-bodied."

Question 46

Sport participation patterns among people with disabilities are influenced by the fact that people with a disability

A)receive special social security payments for purchasing sports equipment.
B)are more likely than other people to live in poverty households.
C)receive annual government subsidies for prosthetic and assistive devices.
D)usually have jobs that prevent them from playing sports.

Question 47

Transhumanism is a perspective based on the idea that

A)God has created human beings as technology users.
B)surgeries to improve bodies is a form of medical doping.
C)ableist ideology is destructive of human progress.
D)all human bodies are in need of improvements.

Question 48

Research as well as the observations of disability rights activists indicate that the Paralympics

A)improves access to sports for people with a disability.
B)eliminates negative attitudes towards people with a disability.
C)creates widespread interest in becoming Paralympic coaches.
D)often reaffirms ableist ideology and ableist attitudes.

Question 49

The board members of the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF-the governing body for track and field)banned runner Oscar Pistorius from the 2008 Olympic games because they

A)didn't want Pistorius to compete in both the Olympics and Paralympics.
B)defined his body as abnormal and deviant due to his prosthetic legs.
C)believed that Pistorius would turn the Olympics into a freak show.
D)knew that other runners would boycott if Pistorius competed.

Question 50

The Special Olympics is the most successful disability sport organization in the world.It sponsors and organizes over 50,000 competitions each year.The main criticism of the Special Olympics is that

A)the organization depends too much on the name and reputation of its founder.
B)there are not enough volunteers to sustain events year after year.
C)participants don't develop functional skills or become integrated into the community.
D)most people with an intellectual disability work full-time and can't participate.

Question 51

The decisions to ban and then reinstate eligibility in the Oscar Pistorius case raises questions about the

A)training methods used by athletes with disabilities.
B)moral character of elite athletes.
C)processes through which deviance is defined in sports.
D)need to ban all forms of technology in sports.

Question 52

The prosthetic technologies that enable leg amputees to participate in running sports are

A)too expensive to be acquired by most people with leg amputations.
B)funded by the U.S.military and available to anyone who qualifies for food stamps.
C)generally provided by charitable organizations serving people with a disability.
D)now manufactured with lifetime warranties and replacement guarantees.