Deck 28: Reproductive System

Question 1

The male homologue to the labia majora is the

A)testis.
B)scrotum.
C)penis.
D)bulbourethral gland.
E)prostate gland.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In both males and females,primary sex organs called _________________ produce the gametes.

Answer 2

gonads

Question 3

Mitosis involves crossing over and the production of haploid daughter cells.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A cell that contains 23 pairs of chromosomes is

A)polyploid.
B)diploid.
C)haploid.
D)monoid.

Question 5

Both males and females have accessory reproductive organs,including ducts through which gametes are carried.

Question 6

Human somatic cells contain only one pair of

A)chromosomes.
B)autosomes.
C)homologous chromosomes.
D)sex chromosomes.

Question 7

The anterior border to the perineum is the

A)anus.
B)pubic symphysis.
C)ischial tuberosity.
D)bulbospongiosus muscle.

Question 8

Prior to puberty,the anterior pituitary does not release FSH and LH.

Question 9

The perineum consists of an anterior

A)ischial tuberosity and a posterior anal ellipse.
B)urethral orifice and a posterior pubic crest.
C)false pelvis and a posterior true pelvis.
D)urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle.
E)pubic quadralateral and a posterior anal rhombus.

Question 10

Which choice best distinguishes between mitosis and meiosis

A)Mitosis produces sex cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell,whereas meiosis produces somatic cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.
B)Mitosis produces sex cells that are genetically different from the parent cell,whereas meiosis produces somatic cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
C)Mitosis produces somatic cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell,whereas meiosis produces sex cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.
D)Mitosis produces somatic cells that are genetically different from the parent cell,whereas meiosis produces sex cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 11

When the process of meiosis is complete,the result is

A)two daughter cells that are diploid.
B)two daughter cells that are haploid.
C)four daughter cells that are diploid.
D)four daughter cells that are haploid.

Question 12

A child has the same number of chromosomes as each of his parents.This is because the gametes that combined when that child was conceived each contained _____ chromosomes.

A)12
B)23
C)46
D)92
E)2

Question 13

The X and Y chromosomes are considered homologous autosomes.

Question 14

The primary target cells for GnRH are located in the

A)hypothalamus.
B)gonads.
C)anterior pituitary gland.
D)adrenal gland.
E)genitals.

Question 15

The gonads

A)are the male testes and female ovaries.
B)secrete sex hormones.
C)produce gametes.
D)are dormant until puberty.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Puberty is initiated when a region of the brain begins secreting

A)luteinizing hormone.
B)estrogen or testosterone.
C)follicle-stimulating hormone.
D)gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
E)androgens.

Question 17

When a cell's genetic content is designated as 1n,the cell is said to be _________.

Question 18

A replicated chromosome consists of two identical structures known as

A)centromeres.
B)sister chromatids.
C)telomeres.
D)haploids.
E)tetrads.

Question 19

The ischiocavernosus muscle is located within the urogenital triangle.

Question 20

The process by which double-stranded,homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material is known as

A)crossing over,and it occurs in interphase.
B)crossing over,and it occurs in mitosis.
C)crossing over,and it occurs in meiosis.
D)interphase,and it occurs in meiosis.
E)interphase,and it occurs in mitosis.

Question 21

Sister chromatids are pulled apart in

A)prophase I.
B)anaphase I.
C)interphase.
D)prophase II.
E)anaphase II.

Question 22

Which cord or sheet of connective tissue attaches to the ovary at the hilum

A)Suspensory ligament
B)Ovarian ligament
C)Mesovarium
D)Broad ligament
E)Round ligament

Question 23

In a female infant,the ovaries contain

A)primordial oocytes within primordial follicles.
B)primary oocytes within primordial follicles.
C)primordial oocytes within secondary follicles.
D)primary oocytes within corpora lutea.
E)primordial oocytes within corpora albicans.

Question 24

Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured _____ follicle.

A)secondary
B)primary
C)mature
D)primordial
E)oogonial

Question 25

Primary follicles form before birth.

Question 26

What structure forms from the remnants of the follicle following ovulation

A)Corona radiata
B)Zona pellucida
C)Corpus albicans
D)Corpus luteum
E)Antrum

Question 27

The volume of the antrum is largest in a __________ follicle.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)primordial
D)polar
E)mature

Question 28

When homologous replicated chromosomes pair up during meiosis,they form a

A)sister chromatid.
B)tetrad.
C)single-stranded chromosome.
D)centromere.

Question 29

Define the term "independent assortment" and indicate how this leads to diversity in the genetic content of gametes.

Question 30

Interphase occurs

A)prior to meiosis.
B)between meiosis I and meiosis II.
C)between anaphase I and telophase I.
D)between prophase I and prophase II.
E)between telophase II and cytokinesis.

Question 31

The daughter cells that result from meiosis I are

A)diploid and contain single-stranded chromosomes.
B)diploid and contain double-stranded chromosomes.
C)haploid and contain single-stranded chromosomes.
D)haploid and contain double-stranded chromosomes.

Question 32

A secondary oocyte arrests in

A)prophase I.
B)anaphase II.
C)prophase II.
D)metaphase II.
E)metaphase I.

Question 33

Which is not correct regarding the ovaries

A)Each ovary has an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
B)The ovaries are located lateral to the uterus.
C)The ovarian artery and vein join the ovary at its hilum.
D)The gametes develop from the ovarian germinal epithelium.
E)The tunica albuginea is deep to the germinal epithelium.

Question 34

The most primitive type of ovarian follicle is a _____________ follicle.

Question 35

Throughout childhood,primary oocytes are arrested in

A)prophase I.
B)anaphase I.
C)prophase II.
D)metaphase II.
E)metaphase I.

Question 36

Which type of ovarian follicle contains a secondary oocyte

A)Secondary follicle
B)Primary follicle
C)Mature follicle
D)Primordial follicle
E)Polar follicle

Question 37

A reduction division is one in which

A)the chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction take place.
B)the daughter cells receive only half as many chromosomes as the parent cell had.
C)one daughter cell is substantially reduced in size compared to the parent cell.
D)the size of chromosomes is reduced from double-stranded to single-stranded.

Question 38

The final products of the two meiotic divisions are four haploid daughter cells from an original diploid cell.

Question 39

Meiosis I is a reduction division.

Question 40

The process that occurs during prophase I,during which tetrads are formed,is known as ________.

Question 41

The lateral margin of the uterine tube,which bears the fimbriae,is called the

A)ampulla.
B)fornix.
C)isthmus.
D)infundibulum.
E)uterine part.

Question 42

How many secondary oocytes ultimately develop from each primary oocyte

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 43

What is the correct order for the segments of the uterine tube,beginning at the ovary

A)Infundibulum - isthmus - ampulla - uterine part
B)Uterine part - infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus
C)Ampulla - infundibulum - uterine part - isthmus
D)Infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus - uterine part
E)Uterine part - isthmus - ampulla - infundibulum

Question 44

Inhibin is secreted by

A)uterine lining cells,and it inhibits development of ovarian follicles.
B)follicular cells,and it inhibits FSH production.
C)the anterior pituitary,and it inhibits GnRH production.
D)the posterior pituitary,and it inhibits ovulation.
E)hypothalamic cells,and it inhibits LH production.

Question 45

The external os is the

A)opening of the cervix into the vagina.
B)inferior portion of the central cavity.
C)bone that supports the uterus during pregnancy.
D)uterine tube attachment site.
E)primary suspensory ligament for the uterus.

Question 46

Ovulation is induced by a peak in the secretion of

A)inhibin.
B)LH.
C)ovulin.
D)estrogen.
E)progesterone.

Question 47

Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the ovarian cycle,and the luteal phase occurs on days

A)1-5.
B)6-14.
C)15-28.
D)8-18.

Question 48

Which does not provide structural support for the uterus

A)Round ligament
B)Transverse cervical ligament
C)Uterosacral ligament
D)Uterine ligament
E)Urogenital diaphragm

Question 49

The myometrium of the uterus is composed of

A)skeletal muscle.
B)mucous membrane.
C)fibrous connective tissue.
D)loose connective tissue.
E)smooth muscle.

Question 50

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen.

Question 51

The normal site of fertilization is the

A)vagina.
B)body of the uterus.
C)fundus of the uterus.
D)ampulla of the uterine tube.
E)uterine part of the uterine tube.

Question 52

Menarche is

A)the first four days of menstruation.
B)a female's first menstrual cycle.
C)the stage immediately preceding menopause.
D)marked by a dramatic decline in androgen secretion.
E)the final phase of the uterine cycle.

Question 53

The hymen is located

A)at the cervix.
B)near the fundus of the uterus.
C)at the superior end of the vagina.
D)near the vaginal orifice.
E)at the external urethral sphincter.

Question 54

The portion of the uterine wall that includes the basal layer is the

A)myometrium.
B)perimetrium.
C)endometrium.
D)serosa.
E)muscularis.

Question 55

FSH facilitates the development of a primary follicle,but estrogen released by a primary follicle inhibits production of GnRH,LH,and FSH.

Question 56

Which is not a uterine function

A)Protection and support of developing embryo
B)Usual site of fertilization
C)Site of implantation
D)Muscle contraction for labor and delivery
E)Passageway for sperm

Question 57

Fimbriae

A)are extensions of the ovarian ligament.
B)line the ampulla of the uterine tube.
C)enclose the ovary at the time of ovulation.
D)are sloughed off during menstruation.
E)assist in the movement of sperm through the female reproductive tract.

Question 58

What fibromuscular structure is about 10 centimeters long and serves as the birth canal

A)Fallopian tube
B)Vagina
C)Uterus
D)Isthmus

Question 59

Although the lining of the uterine tubes contains cilia and the lining of the uterus does not,the epithelium within both organs is categorized as

A)pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
B)simple columnar epithelium.
C)nonkeratinized squamous epithelium.
D)stratified cuboidal epithelium.
E)simple cuboidal epithelium.

Question 60

What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle,beginning with day 1

A)Luteal,follicular,ovulation
B)Follicular,luteal,ovulation
C)Follicular,ovulation,luteal
D)Ovulation,follicular,luteal
E)Ovulation,luteal,follicular

Question 61

During female sexual excitement,the mammary glands,clitoris,and labia become engorged with blood.

Question 62

Sperm are produced in the

A)rete testis.
B)seminiferous tubules.
C)epididymis.
D)seminal vesicles.
E)efferent ductules.

Question 63

Estrogen levels rise during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle,and estrogen assists with the development of the dominant follicle.

Question 64

Although the length of the menstrual cycle varies between women,menstruation consistently occurs 14 days after ovulation,and thus the _________ phase is constant in length.

A)follicular
B)secretory
C)proliferative
D)menstrual

Question 65

Progesterone levels are highest during the ________ phase.

A)menstrual
B)proliferative
C)follicular
D)luteal
E)ovulation

Question 66

Which of these structures contains sebaceous glands

A)Clitoris
B)Vestibular bulb
C)Mons pubis
D)Labia minora
E)Prepuce

Question 67

The channels that convey milk from the mammary glands to the nipples are called __________ ducts.

Question 68

The fold of the labia minora that forms a hood over the clitoris is the ________.

Question 69

Which structure is derived from the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity

A)Tunica vaginalis
B)Perineal raphe
C)Spermatic cord
D)Tunica albuginea
E)Mediastinum testis

Question 70

Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation

A)Perimetrium
B)Basal layer of endometrium
C)Myometrium
D)Functional layer of endometrium
E)Epimetrium

Question 71

What is the correct order for the phases of the uterine cycle,beginning with day 1

A)Menstrual - proliferative - secretory
B)Proliferative - secretory - menstrual
C)Secretory - proliferative - menstrual
D)Menstrual - secretory - proliferative
E)Proliferative - menstrual - secretory

Question 72

During the excitement phase of the female sexual response,the uterus shifts to a more _________ position.

A)anteverted
B)erect

Question 73

Which is not part of the vulva

A)Mons pubis
B)Clitoris
C)Labia majora
D)Labia minora
E)Vagina

Question 74

The posterior pituitary hormone that is crucial for milk ejection is

A)LH.
B)GnRH.
C)oxytocin.
D)prolactin.
E)progesterone.

Question 75

The secretory structures that produce milk in a lactating female are the

A)lactiferous sinuses.
B)lactiferous ducts.
C)alveoli.
D)areolar glands.
E)Bartholin glands.

Question 76

The ridge that is visible externally along the midline of the scrotum is called the

A)septum.
B)raphe.
C)perineum.
D)tunica albuginea.
E)scrotal cord.

Question 77

The anterior pituitary hormone that facilitates milk production is _________.

Question 78

The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to

A)attach the penis to the body wall.
B)produce erections.
C)regulate the temperature of the testes.
D)help the testes descend into the scrotum prior to birth.
E)move sperm along the ductus deferens.

Question 79

Which of the following is a thin layer of smooth muscle just beneath the skin of the scrotum

A)Raphe
B)Cremaster
C)Tunica vaginalis
D)Dartos muscle
E)Inguinal muscle

Question 80

The secretory phase of the uterine cycle coincides with

A)ovulation.
B)the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
C)menstruation.
D)the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle.
E)proliferation.