Deck 4: Biology of the Cell

Question 1

Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The fluid contained in the nucleus is the _________.

Answer 2

nucleoplasm

Question 3

Some of the largest spherical cells in the human body (for example,oocytes)have a diameter of approximately

A)1 nm.
B)1 cm.
C)1 $\mu$ m.
D)100 nm.
E)100 $\mu$ m.

Answer 3

100 $\mu$ m.

Question 4

One example of a membrane-bound organelle is a ribosome.

Question 5

Another name for the intracellular fluid is

A)cytosol.
B)interstitial fluid.
C)intercellular matrix.
D)cytoplasm.
E)cisternae.

Question 6

Which is a non-membrane-bound organelle

A)Microtubule
B)Lysosome
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E)Mitochondrion

Question 7

The shape of skeletal muscle cells is described as

A)columnar.
B)biconcave.
C)cylindrical.
D)spherical.
E)irregular.

Question 8

The microscope of choice for a detailed three-dimensional study of the surface of a specimen is the

A)scanning electron microscope.
B)transmission electron microscope.
C)light microscope.
D)telescope.

Question 9

What unit of measurement is often used to measure cell size

A)Millimeter
B)Micrometer
C)Hectometer
D)Centimeter

Question 10

Cartilage cells and intestinal lining cells are described as being cube-shaped.

Question 11

The centrosome is considered to be an inclusion.

Question 12

The _______ is responsible for forming the outer,limiting barrier of a cell.

A)peroxisome
B)ribosome
C)mitochondrion
D)plasma membrane
E)centrosome

Question 13

The largest internal cellular structure is known as the ______ and is the cell's control center.

A)Golgi apparatus
B)nucleus
C)lysosome
D)cytosol
E)smooth ER

Question 14

An image produced by passing visible light through a specimen is obtained using the

A)transmission electron microscope.
B)light microscope.
C)scanning electron microscope.
D)dissecting scope.
E)ocular examination method.

Question 15

Most cells in the human body are between 1 $\mu$ m and 100 $\mu$ m in diameter.

Question 16

If the nutrient glycogen is found stored inside a cell,it is considered a(n)

A)inclusion.
B)membrane-bound organelle.
C)non-membrane-bound organelle.
D)pigment.

Question 17

Which is not considered part of the cytoplasm

A)Cytosol
B)Nucleus
C)Organelles
D)Inclusions

Question 18

One of the general functions that all cells must maintain throughout their life is the ability to divide and give rise to new cells.

Question 19

The diameter of a red blood cell is a little less than 1 $\mu$ m.

Question 20

The pigment melanin is a(n)

A)membrane-bound organelle.
B)non-membrane-bound organelle.
C)inclusion.
D)nutrient.
E)triglyceride.

Question 21

Water can cross cell membranes only by way of channel-mediated diffusion.

Question 22

Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of

A)simple diffusion.
B)carrier-mediated diffusion.
C)active transport.
D)facilitated diffusion.
E)endocytosis.

Question 23

When a small,polar solute binds to a membrane protein that then changes shape and transports the solute across the membrane,the process is known as

A)simple diffusion.
B)channel-mediated diffusion.
C)carrier-mediated diffusion.
D)active transport.
E)endocytosis.

Question 24

The most abundant lipid of the membrane consists of a head and two tails.This type of lipid is

A)a phospholipid.
B)cholesterol.
C)glycolipid.
D)glycoprotein.
E)a steroid.

Question 25

Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as

A)equilibrium.
B)active transport.
C)diffusion.
D)facilitation.
E)selective transport.

Question 26

Which type of protein is used by cells of the immune system to distinguish normal cells from foreign or infected cells

A)Anchoring proteins
B)Ligands
C)Cell adhesion proteins
D)Identity markers
E)Transport proteins

Question 27

All cells must obtain nutrients,form new chemical structures,and dispose of waste molecules.

Question 28

Proteins that are embedded within,and extend across,the phospholipid bilayer are called _____ proteins.rev: 02_22_2014_QC_45534

A)catalytic
B)integral
C)cytoskeleton
D)peripheral

Question 29

During osmosis,water moves toward the solution with the _________ solute concentration.

A)greater
B)lesser

Question 30

Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called _________ proteins.

A)catalytic
B)cytoskeleton
C)transport
D)identification
E)intercellular attachment

Question 31

Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is

A)steepest and temperature is highest.
B)steepest and temperature is at body temperature.
C)slightest and temperature is highest.
D)slightest and temperature is at body temperature.
E)slightest and temperature is lowest.

Question 32

Which of the following choices describes three general functions cells must perform

A)Maintain shape,obtain nutrients,and dispose of wastes
B)Respond to all hormones,maintain a waterproof barrier,give rise to gametes
C)Grow until dividing,store complex carbohydrates,generate antibodies
D)Take up oxygen,prevent water entry,undergo mitosis frequently

Question 33

The lipid that stabilizes the membrane at extreme temperatures and is found in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer is

A)the polar head.
B)the nonpolar tails.
C)cholesterol.
D)glycolipid.
E)glycocalyx.

Question 34

The pressure that must be exerted onto a solution in order to prevent water from diffusing into that solution through a semipermeable membrane is called ___________ pressure.

Question 35

Glycolipids are found on the

A)outer layer of the cell membrane,and they help make the sticky sugar coating on its surface.
B)middle layer of the cell membrane,and they function to transmit solutes through the membrane.
C)inner layer of the cell membrane,and they provide scaffold support to the cell membrane.
D)inside of the cell,where they are a source of high-energy nutrition to power mitochondria.

Question 36

Some membrane proteins are not embedded within the lipid bilayer but are instead anchored loosely to either the inner or the outer surface.Such proteins are called _________ proteins.

Question 37

Over time diffusion results in the even distribution of a substance throughout an area.

Question 38

Osmosis is the diffusion of

A)water within the inside of a cell.
B)water across a membrane.
C)solutes within the inside of a cell.
D)solutes across a membrane.

Question 39

The movement of glucose across a plasma membrane is achieved by

A)ion pumps.
B)receptor-mediated exocytosis.
C)osmosis.
D)facilitated diffusion.
E)phagocytosis.

Question 40

Which is a passive transport process

A)Phagocytosis
B)Pinocytosis
C)Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D)Osmosis
E)Ion pump

Question 41

When a cell is placed in a solution with a very low solute concentration,water diffuses into the cell.Such a solution is called a(n)_________ solution.

A)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
C)isotonic
D)endergonic

Question 42

Placing a red blood cell in an extremely hypertonic solution leads to hemolysis.

Question 43

Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%.Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell

A)0.5% NaCl
B)0.9% NaCl
C)1.2% NaCl

Question 44

Coupled transport that involves the moving of one substance against its concentration gradient by using energy from a second substance moving down its concentration gradient is known as

A)primary active transport.
B)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
C)bulk transport.
D)sympathetic exocytosis.
E)secondary active transport.

Question 45

When a skin wound is healing,cell contact on all sides is a strong stimulus for cell division.

Question 46

The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing

A)primary active transport.
B)secondary active transport.
C)exocytosis.
D)both exocytosis and endocytosis.
E)receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 47

If a transport protein moves two solutes across a membrane in opposite directions,the protein is called a countertransporter or _________.

Question 48

Symport active transporters move two substances across the membrane in the same direction.

Question 49

Exocytosis is a form of secondary active transport.

Question 50

Body cells communicate with immune system cells through direct contact involving the sugary coatings on the cells' surfaces.

Question 51

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients and helps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.

Question 52

Physiological saline contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell,and it is therefore a(n)__________ solution.

Question 53

When a cell surrounds a large particle with pseudopodia and then engulfs it,the process is called

A)exocytosis.
B)phagocytosis.
C)pinocytosis.
D)secondary active transport.
E)receptor-mediated endopinocytosis.

Question 54

Pinocytosis is the process in which the cell

A)internalizes ("drinks")a droplet of interstitial fluid.
B)internalizes ("eats")a large solid particle.
C)splits ("pinches")off a small part of itself to secrete into the extracellular space.
D)pumps small solutes against their concentration gradient and out of the cell.

Question 55

The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of

A)phagocytosis.
B)pinocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)receptor-mediated exocytosis.
E)simple diffusion.

Question 56

The type of vesicular transport by which large molecules or large amounts of substances are secreted from a cell is _________.

Question 57

Cell shrinking,also known as crenation,occurs when a cell is placed into a(n)_________ solution.

A)isotonic
B)hypertonic
C)hypotonic
D)exergonic

Question 58

The sodium-potassium pump moves

A)sodium and potassium into the cell.
B)sodium and potassium out of the cell.
C)sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.
D)sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

Question 59

The release of neurotransmitter from a neuron is an example of

A)endocytosis and is a form of passive transport.
B)receptor-mediated endocytosis and it requires expenditure of ATP.
C)exocytosis and is a form of passive transport.
D)exocytosis and it requires expenditure of ATP.
E)pinocytosis and it is a form of primary active transport.

Question 60

Most cells perform pinocytosis.

Question 61

The organelles responsible for organizing microtubules that are part of the mitotic spindle are called

A)centrioles.
B)nucleoli.
C)microvilli.
D)cilia.
E)vesicles.

Question 62

Which of the following structures function in holding organelles in place,maintaining cell shape and rigidity,and directing organelle movement

A)Centrioles
B)Flagella
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Microtubules
E)Cilia

Question 63

Catalase-containing peroxisomes are most abundant in ______ cells.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)pancreas
D)thymus
E)pituitary

Question 64

Which is an active transport process

A)Simple diffusion
B)Bulk filtration
C)Osmosis
D)Facilitated diffusion
E)Ion pump

Question 65

Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.

A)Peroxisomes
B)Mitochondria
C)Smooth ER
D)Golgi apparatus
E)Lysosomes

Question 66

Which of the following factors influence cell membrane permeability

A)Phospholipid composition of the membrane
B)Ionic charge along the membrane
C)Presence or absence of transport proteins
D)Molecule size
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 67

Removal of old organelles is via a process called

A)pinocytosis.
B)autophagy.
C)autolysis.
D)filtration.
E)vascularization.

Question 68

Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.

Question 69

Because they produce ribosome subunits,one would expect to find large numbers of nucleoli in cells that synthesize

A)energy sources.
B)pigments.
C)solubility-enhancing substances.
D)steroid hormones.
E)proteins.

Question 70

Exocytosis occurs as a result of

A)hydrostatic pressure.
B)the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
C)molecular movement with carrier assistance.
D)concentration gradients.
E)ion pumps.

Question 71

In order to process digested nutrients and detoxify chemical agents such as drugs and alcohol,the ______ contains abundant amounts of smooth ER.

A)liver
B)kidney
C)small intestine
D)pancreas
E)stomach

Question 72

Channel-linked receptors are also known as __________ gated channels.

Question 73

Which choice describes the activation steps of a G protein-coupled receptor properly (and in correct order)

A)Ligand binds to receptor,G protein activated,effector protein activated,second messenger made available
B)Ligand binds to receptor,second messenger activated,G protein turned on,protein kinase activated
C)Protein kinase activated,ion channel opened,ions enter and activate second messenger,G protein turned on
D)Ion channel opened,G protein activated,second messenger synthesized,phosphatase ends signal

Question 74

Which is not a membrane-bound organelle

A)Endoplasmic reticulum
B)Lysosome
C)Golgi apparatus
D)Peroxisome
E)All of the choices are membrane-bound organelles.

Question 75

The _________ are responsible for synthesizing most of a human body cell's ATP.

A)lysosomes
B)microfilaments
C)nucleoli
D)ribosomes
E)mitochondria

Question 76

When fertilization occurs,the sperm recognizes the egg by

A)the chemical messages the egg secretes into the interstitial space.
B)the unique glycocalyx on the egg's surface.
C)the much larger relative size of the egg.
D)the strong acidity of the egg's environment.

Question 77

The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called

A)matrix.
B)vesicles.
C)vacuoles.
D)cristae.
E)cisternae.

Question 78

Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion

A)Flagella
B)Microvilli
C)Cilia
D)Cilia and flagella
E)Cilia and microvilli

Question 79

When ligands bind to them,___________ receptors directly phosphorylate enzymes within the cell.

A)enzymatic
B)channel-linked
C)G protein-coupled
D)phosphatase

Question 80

In humans,the only cell that bears a flagellum is the ________ cell.

A)kidney
B)oocyte
C)red blood
D)brain
E)sperm