Deck 8: Change

Question 1

The "cult of domesticity" refers to which of these ideas?

A)People should value domesticity over other forms of labor.
B)Women as devoted mothers and wives should embrace supportive and loving emotional work.
C)Women and men should have leisure at home rather than work extensive hours.
D)People should marry for love rather than for passing on property.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How might the fact that 1957 saw the highest rate of teen pregnancy in American history best be explained?

A)Working-class teens in the booming economy had little incentive to complete their education.
B)The cultural emphasis on family and children led to a drop in the age of marriage,so women were married and had their first child as teenagers.
C)Going steady led young people to fall in love and accelerate their sexual experimentation over time.
D)Laws prohibiting statutory rape were not yet in place and men took advantage of the lack of parental supervision.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Why would anyone call World War II a "nationwide 'coming out' experience"?

A)Homosexuals were mobilized to the war effort even if they openly declared their sexuality.
B)Putting so many young men together in same-sex environments offered them opportunities for homoerotic encounters.
C)People in the United States finally recognized that homosexuality is an identity,not only an occasional practice.
D)Gays and lesbians in the U.S.military pushed for visibility and accommodations.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During the 1950s,there were several notable changes in social trends.For example,

A)divorce rates increased.
B)the age for marriage and motherhood rose.
C)fertility rates declined rapidly.
D)the education gap between women and men increased sharply.

Question 5

How is female prostitution related to early capitalism?

A)Prostitution recognized society changing views toward women's sexual independence.
B)Prostitution was a means of economic survival for poor women.
C)Capitalism inspired perverse inclinations in men.
D)Early capitalism created a double standard of morality for male sexual behavior.

Question 6

The idea of a family wage is meant to

A)encourage everyone in the family to work to support each other.
B)enable some men to earn a wage sufficient to support an unemployed wife and several children.
C)ensure that all men were paid more than women.
D)defend the idea that housewives should be paid for the work they did to take care of a home and children.

Question 7

Feminists in the 1960s and 1970s contributed to changing the rules of marriage by

A)emphasizing that women and men were jointly responsible for housework and had to negotiate who would do what.
B)insisting that every woman should be employed full time for her entire adult life,regardless of whether she had children.
C)claiming that women who were sexually active should be legally entitled to avoid pregnancy regardless of whether they were married.
D)suggesting that men and women hyphenate their two last names after marriage to symbolize the equal partnership that should exist between them.

Question 8

Why did enslaved Africans during the colonial period engage in premarital sex?

A)They had more opportunities to socialize across gender lines than whites did.
B)They did not restrict their own sexuality as severely as did whites.
C)They had greater sexual desire than whites.
D)Most could not legally marry.

Question 9

Which of the following definitions best describes a breadwinner/housewife marriage?

A)Women are legally subordinated to men.
B)Women offer men domestic services and men support them financially.
C)Women marry by choice and expect love in their relationship.
D)Women can only meet the expectations of their role by staying at home full-time nurturing children.

Question 10

Which of the following definitions best describes a patriarchal marriage?

A)Men are heads of the household and women are their property.
B)Men as fathers have control over their daughters but not their sons.
C)Men receive a family wage to support women and children.
D)Because men are breadwinners,they are the decision makers in both the public and domestic spheres.

Question 11

The ideology of separate spheres caused women in the 1950s and 1960s more strain than it had in earlier decades.How would this increase in strain be best explained?

A)Their husbands were working longer hours than ever before,so they had to do much more housework than before to balance this.
B)As a group,they had higher levels of education and work experience before marriage,so housework and childcare did not feel like it was using all their abilities.
C)They had such large numbers of children that they lost all opportunities to do anything other than childcare.
D)The breadwinner/housewife ideal was being questioned,and feminists made their commitment to housework seem foolish.

Question 12

How has urbanization created incentives to have fewer children?

A)Moving to cities makes people less religious.
B)Raising children in cities is more expensive.
C)More men than women live in cities.
D)Cities are less safe for children.

Question 13

Alex believes that women are naturally chaste and are motivated by love while men are naturally more vulgar and filled with sexual desire.Alex is demonstrating which term?

A)the cult of domesticity
B)a gendered love/sex binary
C)partnership marriage
D)separate spheres

Question 14

What has been the statistical trend for ages at which women first marry?

A)Between 1920 and 1940,it rose,but by 1950,it had dropped substantially.In the 1960s,it began rising again and hasn't stopped since.
B)It has been rising since the 1900s,along with women's education.
C)Between 1900 and 1950,it rose,but by 1950,it had dropped substantially.It has been dropping ever since.
D)Between 1920 and 1940,it rose,but between 1950 and 1970,it had dropped substantially.After women's liberation in the mid-1970s,it began to rise again.

Question 15

What best describes the gender relations of the 1950s?

A)They were unusually family focused.
B)Achieving the "American dream" put more financial strain on men than ever before.
C)It was a decade of increased interest in feminism and sexual liberation.
D)Men and women grew increasingly tolerant of homosexual behavior.

Question 16

What does the concept of commodification convey?

A)exchanges between productive labor in factories and reproductive labor at home
B)the advertising that is used to sell things
C)the making of things that can be bought and sold
D)making useful things at home

Question 17

The increasing importance of the cosmetics industry from the 1920s to the present has reflected how

A)purity,domesticity,and romance were increasingly separate ideals for women to pursue.
B)courtship based on "dating" and "treating" have become less important.
C)women's investments in their appearance became strategically important.
D)women's sexual activities depended on their having the money to invest in these new goods.

Question 18

How has industrial change created incentives to have fewer children?

A)People can't afford more children because each child requires expensive electronics.
B)People prefer to spend their time watching TV rather than having sex.
C)People get access to condoms,which are cheap and effective means of contraception.
D)People have to pay for more expensive technologies in hospitals to give birth.

Question 19

The "good girl/bad girl dichotomy" refers to which social idea?

A)Women who defer to men are respectable while women who are assertive are not.
B)Good girls are mothers,and bad girls are not.
C)Women who "behave themselves" sexually are worthy of respect,and women who have sex with "too many" men are not.
D)Modern women,unlike the chaste women of the Victorian era,are interested in having sex.

Question 20

Zoey has found her grandmother's dairy from when she attended college in the 1920s.In multiple entries,Zoey's grandmother describes female classmates for whom she has same-sex crushes.These diary entries are good examples of which term?

A)gendered love
B)sexual binary
C)smashing
D)treating

Question 21

Desmond and Monique have a __________ marriage.Their marriage is based on love and understanding.They have negotiated a division of labor such that Desmond is in charge of the cooking,yardwork,and laundry,while Monique is in charge of cleaning,household maintenance,and bill paying.

A)breadwinner/housewife marriage
B)domestic
C)patriarch/property
D)partnership

Question 22

The breadwinner/housewife model did not offer women economic equality because

A)the money women earned at home was less than what men earned at work.
B)working-class women and women of color could not legally work in factories,unlike men of these groups who held these industrial jobs.
C)access to a living wage came through men,and the work women did in maintaining a household was no longer recognized as work.
D)men did not really depend on women's cooking,cleaning,shopping,and childcare.

Question 23

First,compare and contrast calling to dating.Then evaluate the power relationships within each.Between male and female partners,who do you think holds more power in calling? What about in dating? Why is this the case? Make sure to provide detailed evidence to support your claims.

Question 24

The lives of men and women have changed dramatically during America's short history.Give an example each of a technological,economic,political,and demographic change and describe how it shifted gender relations.

Question 25

Congressman Lee plans to propose legislation that will ban pregnant women from working on oil rigs and in chemical labs.He is very concerned about protecting their health.Congressman Lee's initiative is a good example of how protective legislation is based on

A)androcentrism.
B)benevolent sexism.
C)hostile sexism.
D)separate spheres ideology.

Question 26

What is sex for? Over the course of American history,people have had different ideas about the purpose of sex.Using American Indians,the Puritans and Victorians,young people of the 1920s and the 1950s,and Americans today,trace the shifting ideas about the purpose of sex and the cultural and institutional changes that led to those shifts.

Question 27

Which of the following statements best defines a partnership marriage?

A)Women and men are two equals who negotiate a division of labor,and they base their relationships on companionship.
B)It is a marriage based on civil union laws instead of marriage laws.
C)It requires one man and one woman to commit to each other as partners for life.
D)Women and men commit to dividing their paid and unpaid labor exactly equally and the laws enforce this arrangement.

Question 28

The 1920s were a watershed period for young people's sexualities.What new opportunities did women and men encounter? What were the costs and benefits for each gender?

Question 29

How did Playboy challenge the gender norms of the 1950s?

A)It violated the idea that heterosexual men would inevitably want to marry and have children.
B)It extended the scope of hegemonic masculinity to include sexually active black men and older white men.
C)It began to privilege the heterosexual male gaze.
D)It catered to a range of sexualities.

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the changes in the U.S.population?

A)Marriage rates have been dropping consistently since the end of World War II.
B)Almost every American alive today has had a cohabiting relation with someone without being married to them.
C)About forty percent of all American children today are born to an unmarried parent.
D)About forty percent of all black children are born to an unmarried parent.

Question 31

The term "marriage-go-around" was used to refer to what American social practice?

A)high rates of premarital cohabitation among younger generations of Americans
B)higher rates of both cohabitation and marriage among Americans compared with rates in other countries
C)higher rates of both marriage and divorce among Americans compared with rates in other countries
D)higher rates of cohabitation,marriage,and divorce among Americans compared with rates in other countries

Question 32

Marriage has been socially organized under three models.Explain each model,the reasons it emerged,and why it fell out of society's favor (if it has).

Question 33

A friend of yours argues that it is important to respect "traditional marriage." Consider her claim.What do you think she means by "traditional marriage"? Do you agree that it's possible to define this term? Why or why not? Make sure to provide supporting evidence for your claims.

Question 34

What impact did the publication of the Feminine Mystique have on U.S.gender relations?

A)It revealed how many American teenagers were breaking gender-specific sexual rules and thus challenged the double standard.
B)It showed that Americans of all ages were breaking the sexual rules and began to normalize same-sex relations.
C)It showed that middle-class women were frustrated and unhappy with the breadwinner/housewife marriage model.
D)It revealed how unhappy both women and men were with the division of labor in the breadwinner/housewife marriage.

Question 35

Delilah desires a __________ marriage in which she and her husband can have distinctly defined roles that are complementary toward one another.

A)breadwinner/housewife
B)domestic
C)patriarch/property
D)partnership