Deck 3: Eukaryal Microbes

Question 1

A protein produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum has the amino acid sequence KKKRK in a central position.What is the destination of this protein?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C)Mitochondrion
D)Nucleus
E)Lysosome

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Movement of the eukaryal cilia and flagella involves interaction between dynein motor proteins and _____ .

A)microtubules
B)microfilaments
C)intermediate filaments
D)PMF driven motors in the membrane
E)intermediate filaments and actin

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these features is likely to be UNIVERSALLY displayed by Bacteria?

A)presence of peptidoglycan in the cell envelope
B)presence of teichoic acid in the cell envelop
C)presence of chitin in the cell envelope
D)presence of cellulose in the cell envelope
E)presence of glycopeptides in the cell envelope

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Chitin,a component of the fungal cell wall,is a polymer composed of _____.

A)amino acids
B)glucose
C)acetyl-glucosamine
D)silica dioxide
E)dipicolinic acid

Question 5

You discover a new microbe whose cell wall appears to be heavily enriched with glycopeptides.Which type of organism do you suspect?

A)bacteria
B)archaea
C)fungus
D)alga
E)protozoan

Question 6

Eukaryal proteins undergo various chemical modifications after the translational process to ensure correct folding of the protein for optimal activity.Which of these are examples of such modifications?

A)hydrogen bond formation and disulfide bond formation
B)attachment of lipids and glucose molecules
C)acetylation and phosphorylation
D)hydrogen bond formation,disulfide bond formation,acetylation and phosphorylation are correct
E)all of these choices are correct

Question 7

Which of these best describes chemiosmosis?

A)The movement of water across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.
B)The movement of protons across a biological membrane for energy production.
C)The movement of organic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.
D)The movement of inorganic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.
E)The production of energy as a result of the reactions occurring in the glycolytic pathway.

Question 8

A protein found within the mitochondrial matrix is seen to be leucine-rich in sequence.What is the likely origin of this protein?

A)derived from a nuclear gene
B)derived from a mitochondrial gene
C)derived from a chloroplast gene
D)transported to the mitochondrion through the secretory pathway
E)none is a correct choice

Question 9

Which of these is a fungus widely used by molecular biologists to investigate the workings of eukaryal cells?

A)Giardia lamblia
B)Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C)Dictyostelium discoideum
D)Penicillium notatum
E)Cephalosporium acremonium

Question 10

Which of these eukaryal cells will have the greatest number of mitochondria per unit of cytoplasmic volume?

A)fungal cell in a mold hyphal filament
B)fungal cell within a yeast colony
C)algal cell within a multicellular filament
D)flagellated protozoan
E)all will possess the same mitochondrial density

Question 11

What is the basic chemical structure of a phospholipid in a eukaryal cell?

A)A glycerol molecule with cholesterol attached.
B)A fatty acid with a phosphate attached at the carboxyl end.
C)A glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate attached.
D)A glycerol molecule with two phosphates and a fatty acid attached.
E)A glycerol molecule with cholesterol and phosphate attached.

Question 12

Which of these best represents the component(s)of the plasma membrane of eukaryal cells?

A)phospholipids only
B)phospholipids and sterols
C)phospholipids and proteins.
D)phospholipids,proteins,and sterols
E)proteins and sterols

Question 13

What is the slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum commonly used to study?

A)the fungal life cycle
B)evolution of multi-cellularity
C)flagella movement
D)cell wall synthesis
E)cyst formation

Question 14

A mycoplasma may adapt to a cooler environment through:

A)synthesis of a stronger cell wall
B)increasing hopanoid content in its plasma membrane
C)decreasing unsaturated fatty acid composition within the plasma membrane
D)increasing saturated fatty acid composition within the plasma membrane
E)none is correct

Question 15

What are the three major structures that comprise the eukaryal cytoskeleton?

A)microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments
B)centromeres,microtubules,and microfilaments
C)telomeres,centromeres,and microtubules
D)telomeres,microtubules,and microfilaments
E)telomeres,centromeres,and microfilaments

Question 16

A protein is seen to possess the sequence KDEL at its carboxy terminus.What role is it likely to play within the cell?

A)acetylation of membrane transport proteins
B)role in glycolysis
C)role in photosynthesis
D)proteolytic lysosomal function
E)transmembrane protein in the plasmam membrane

Question 17

When considering the structure of the fungal cell wall,which of these microbes possesses a wall with molecular similarities?

A)Plants
B)Bacteria
C)Protozoa
D)algae

Question 18

Which statement below is FALSE regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A)Both contain DNA.
B)Both replicate independently of the host cell.
C)Both function in energy generation.
D)Both contain the enzymes for the glycolytic pathway.
E)Both contain inner membranes.

Question 19

Eukaryal proteins that are secreted outside of the cell undergo modification before secretion.Which organelles are involved in this secretion pathway?

A)the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
B)the mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
C)the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
D)the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome
E)the lysosome and mitochondria

Question 20

Molecular chaperones are proteins involved in which eukaryal cell process?

A)transcription
B)translation
C)mitosis
D)protein folding
E)energy production

Question 21

Are the cells which emerge from the Chlamydomonas cyst genetically identical to those which entered it? Identify the correct statement:

A)None will have the same genetic makeup as the cells which began the adaptive cycle
B)All will have the same genetic makeup as the cells which began the adaptive cycle
C)Some may have the same genetic makeup as the cells which began the adaptive cycle
D)No cells survive the unfavorable environmental change
E)Mitosis occurs within the cyst,no genetic alterations will occur

Question 22

A haploid Chlamydomonas replicates asexually under favorable environmental conditions.What happens when growth conditions deteriorate?

A)It becomes motile.
B)It stops growing.
C)It changes morphologically to form large aggregates.
D)It changes into a gamete and fuses with another gamete.
E)It changes morphologically into a spore for survival.

Question 23

Which of these best describes the process of meiosis in eukaryal cells?

A)Asexual reproduction.
B)Two rounds of DNA replication followed by cell division.
C)The combining of two gametes.
D)DNA replication followed by two cell divisions.
E)The asexual production of diploid cells.

Question 24

Which alga is commonly used as a model eukaryal organism to study flagellar operation?

A)Synechococcus elongatus
B)Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C)Euglena gracilis
D)Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
E)Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 25

Identify the correct association between organism and characteristics:

A)fungi,chloroplasts
B)protozoa,chitin cell wall
C)slime mold,chitin cell wall
D)algae,cellulose cell wall
E)fungi,flagella

Question 26

In which organismal comparison might you best investigate intracellular signaling mechanisms?

A)a comparison of the growth of Saccharomyces and Chlamydomonas
B)a comparison of the growth of Saccharomyces and Dictyostelium
C)a comparison of the growth of Dictyostelium and Chlamydomonas
D)a comparison of the growth of Physarum and Dictyostelium
E)a comparison of the growth of Chlamydomonas and Physarum

Question 27

Haploid Dictyostelium replicate by mitosis when nutrients are plentiful.What happens when growth conditions deteriorate?

A)The cells change morphologically into a resilient structure called a cyst.
B)The cells change into a gamete and fuse with another gamete to produce a zygote.
C)The cells become motile by means of a flagellum and move on to another food source.
D)The cells aggregate to form a multicellular slug.
E)The cells stop growing.

Question 28

The prokaryotic kingdom Monera no longer exists as new molecular evidence proved that it was inadequate to describe prokaryotc diversity.Which of the eukaryotc kingdoms do you predict will be the next to fall for the same reason?

A)plantae
B)Animalia
C)Protista
D)Fungi
E)All are equally informative and useful

Question 29

Identify the correct association between organism and characteristic:

A)Diatom,cellulose cell wall
B)Saccharomyces,cell division by fission
C)Pseudosaccharomyces,cell division by budding
D)Dictyostelium,formation of a pseudoplasmodium
E)Giardia,lack of mitochondria

Question 30

Which organism displays the most recent evolutionary ancestry?

A)Lobosea
B)Basidiomycetes
C)Acantharia
D)Cryptomonads
E)Apicomplexa

Question 31

Which organism appears displays the oldest evolutionary ancestry?

A)Lobosea
B)Glaucophytes
C)Kinetoplasids
D)Labyrintholids
E)Oxymonads

Question 32

The appearance of mitochondria within eukaryal cells is defined as an evolutionary Big Bang.Which landmark ability might have preceded it?

A)evolution of phagocytosis
B)evolution of lysosomal organelles
C)formation of the nucleolus
D)development of the endoplasmic reticulum
E)formation of motility structures

Question 33

The eukaryal cell emerged on Earth approximately ______ years ago.

A)four billion
B)three billion
C)two billion
D)one billion
E)500 million

Question 34

Given your biological knowledge of cellular and acellular slime molds,select the correct reproductive strategy employed by Dictyostelium:

A)asexual reproduction during the single celled phase and meiotic divisions within the fruiting body
B)sexual reproduction during the single celled phase and mitotic divisions within the fruiting body
C)asexual reproduction during the single celled phase and meiotic divisions within the plasmodium
D)sexual reproduction during the single celled phase and mitotic divisions within the plasmodium
E)none match the growth cycle of Dictyostelium

Question 35

Giardia lamblia is of significance because:

A)its ancestry is one of the most recent among protozoa
B)its metabolism is typical of all protists using aerobic respiration
C)it is a respiratory pathogen
D)its locomotion permits study of the mechanism by which cilia operate
E)it causes disease in around one billion individuals around the world

Question 36

The signaling substance used to direct the aggregation of cells during the Dictyostelium growth cycle indicates:

A)a lack of water within the environment
B)high levels of nutrients are present within the environment
C)low levels of nutrients have led to an energy shortage
D)elevated moisture in the environment threatens survival
E)reduced phosphorous levels in the environment

Question 37

The definition of a clade is "a group of organisms sharing a common phylogenetic history.Which of the following pairings shows organisms from the same clade?

A)animals and land plants
B)animals and ichthiosporia
C)charophytes and chlorophytes
D)apicomplexan and Amoebozoa
E)unikonta and excavate

Question 38

The Endosymbiotic Theory is used to explain the origin of the ____ in the eukaryal cell.

A)chromosome
B)ribosome
C)mitochondrion
D)lysosome
E)vacuole

Question 39

The result of meiosis is the production of:

A)four haploid cells.
B)two diploid cells.
C)two haploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.
E)two haploid cells and two diploid cells.

Question 40

When the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae completes meiosis,the resulting ascospores:

A)always combine to form a diploid cell.
B)will continue to replicate asexually as haploid cells.
C)may combine to form a diploid cell or replicate as haploid cells.
D)are all genetically identical.
E)will immediately undergo meiosis a second time.

Question 41

Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly and causes which disease?

A)malaria
B)histoplasmosis
C)African sleeping sickness
D)cryptosporidiosis
E)tuberculosis

Question 42

Which is likely to have evolved most recently in fungi?

A)chitin cell wall
B)inclusion of mitochondria
C)inclusion of chloroplasts
D)phagocytic ability
E)possession of a nucleus

Question 43

An encysted protozoan cell is located in a temperate lake which is thawing as Spring weather finally arrives.What plasma membrane modifications might be observed as it adapts to its changing environment? (Select all that apply)

A)increased concentrations of saturated fatty acids within its phospholipid bilayer
B)increased concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids within its phospholipid bilayer
C)decreased sterol concentrations within the plasma membrane
D)presence of hopanoids in the plasma membrane
E)generation of a phospholipid monolayer in some lipid rafts

Question 44

Given the impermanence of the Paramecium bursaria/Zoochlorella endosymbiosis,choose the organelle whose evolution may have followed the cellular acquisition of chloroplasts and mitochondria:

A)rough endoplasmic reticulum
B)Golgi apparatus
C)Lysosome
D)Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)Nucleolus

Question 45

Which scenario provides evidence for endosymbiosis in a modern day experiment?

A)antibiotic sensitive bacteria can internalize in an amoeba,which is then also killed after antibiotic treatment
B)antibiotic sensitive bacteria cannnot internalize in an amoeba
C)antibiotic sensitive bacteria can internalize in an amoeba,which is not killed after antibiotic treatment
D)antibiotic sensitive bacteria can internalize in an amoeba,but the amoeba then dies
E)all scenarios are equally inconsistent with the endosymbiont theory

Question 46

Chloroplasts most likely originated from which of these independent organisms?

A)alpha-proteobacteria
B)anoxygenic photobacteria
C)gamma-proteobacteria
D)purple sulfur bacteria
E)cyanobacteriia

Question 47

Which of these changes would you expect to occur in a fungal cell located where temperatures are cooling as winter arrives? (Select all that apply)

A)increased concentrations of saturated fatty acids within its phospholipid bilayer
B)decreased concentrations of saturated fatty acids within its phospholipid bilayer
C)increased concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids within its phospholipid bilayer
D)decreased concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids within its phospholipid bilayer
E)increased sterol levels within the plasma membrane

Question 48

A protein is seen to possess a regions highly enriched in lysine,arginine and histidine.Which statement(s)is(are)correct regarding its identity? (Select all that apply)

A)transported to the mitochondrion through the secretory pathway
B)Encoded by a nuclear gene
C)Encoded by a mitochondrial gene
D)Transferred to mitochondria from cytosolic free ribosomes
E)Encoded by chloroplast genes

Question 49

Which of these diseases is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

A)severe dysentery
B)malaria
C)pneumonia
D)tuberculosis
E)African sleeping sickness

Question 50

Which is likely to have evolved most recently in plant cells?

A)Glycolytic ability
B)Cellulose cell wall
C)Inclusion of mitochondria
D)Inclusion of chloroplasts
E)Phagocytic ability

Question 51

What are the two lines of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of chloroplasts?

A)They divide by mitosis and are approximately the same size as bacteria.
B)They are a unit membrane enclosed structure and they divide by mitosis.
C)They contain DNA and they divide by mitosis.
D)They divide by binary fission and they contain DNA.
E)They are a unit membrane enclosed structure and they contain DNA.

Question 52

Mitochondria resemble which of the listed organisms most closely?

A)Gram positive bacteria
B)Gram negative bacteria
C)Chlamydomonas
D)Dictyostelium
E)Mycoplasma

Question 53

An archaean organism adapts to rising temperatures within its environment by: (Select all that apply)

A)increasing sterol concentrations within its lipid membrane
B)decreasing sterol concentrations within its lipid membrane
C)increasing the number of unsaturated isoprenoids within its lipid membrane
D)increasing the number of saturated isoprenoids within its lipid membrane
E)increasing hopanoid concentrations within its lipid membrane

Question 54

Which of these possibilities might explain the lack of mitochondria in Giardia? (Select all that apply)

A)environmental changes that increased atmospheric oxygen
B)environmental changes which decreased atmospheric oxygen
C)an opportunity to colonize a novel anaerobic niche found within multicellular organisms
D)evolution of photosynthetic capability
E)evolution of anaerobic respiration capability by Giardia

Question 55

All mitochondria contain DNA that shares sequence similarity with bacteria from the Phylum _____ .

A)Firmicutes
B)Proteobacteria.
C)Fusobacteria
D)Aquificales
E)Synergistes

Question 56

Amitochondriates are eukaryal microbes that lack mitochondria.What evidence shows that some of these microbes may at one time have had mitochondria?

A)They can respire on oxygen.
B)They have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
C)They have 70S ribosomes.
D)They have some DNA in their chromosome similar to that found in alpha-proteobacteriae)They have circular chromosomes.

Question 57

Which of these can contribute to eukaryal species diversity? (Select all that apply)

A)mitotic cell division
B)meiotic cell division
C)spore formation in Chlamydomonas
D)cyst formation for Dictyostelium
E)mutation

Question 58

Which one of the following statements supports the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of mitochondria?

A)The mitochondria divides by a mechanism employing tubulin-like proteins
B)The mitochondria contains DNA enclosed in a membrane
C)The mitochondria contains lipids similar to bacterial lipids.
D)The mitochondria replicates on the same cycle as the nucleus.
E)The mitochondria is the approximate shape and size of a bacterium.

Question 59

Which of these is an example of an insect-borne disease caused by a eukaryal microbe?

A)malaria
B)histoplasmosis
C)tuberculosis
D)cryptosporidiosis
E)Rocky Mountain Spotted-Fever

Question 60

Eukaryal microbes play a very important role in the digestion of ___ in the gut of ruminants.

A)proteins
B)nucleic acids
C)phospholipids
D)cellulose
E)lactose

Question 61

The slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum is classified as a fungus.

Question 62

Microfilament are made of the protein ___.

Question 63

Select the options where the correct pathogen and disease are linked.(Select all that apply)

A)Entamoeba histolytica,dysentery
B)Plasmodium falciparum,African sleeping sickness
C)Leishmania,malaria
D)Trichomonas,birth defects
E)Trypanosoma,Chagas disease

Question 64

Most cell walls of algae are composed of ___.

Question 65

When Saccharomyces undergoes meiosis,it forms four haploid cells called ___.

Question 66

Fungi usually decompose dead materials but can also cause disease in humans and animals.Which enzymes might assist them in invading living animals and causing disease?

A)cellulase
B)keratinase
C)chitinase
D)lysozyme
E)none would be of assistance

Question 67

Select the options where the correct pathogen and disease are linked: (Select all that apply)

A)Phytopthera,malaria
B)Trypanosoma,African sleeping sickness
C)Epidermophyton,athlete's foot
D)Giardia,thrush
E)Plasmodium,Dutch elm disease

Question 68

Aggregate formation in Dictyostelium cells is the result of a cell signaling mechanism that uses cyclic AMP as a signal molecule.

Question 69

Eukaryal microbes called amitochondriates lack mitochondria.

Question 70

The best way to classify all eukaryal microbes is to group them into the Protist kingdom.