Deck 29: The Special Needs and Medically Compromised Patient

Question 1

Symptoms of more than _____ diseases can indirectly affect a patient by causing a person to be less capable of caring for his or her mouth.

A)100
B)75
C)50
D)20

Answer 1

100

Question 2

When an assistant is asked to work with a medically and physically compromised patient and family in developing and implementing a preventive program:

A)it should be tailored to the needs of the patient.
B)it should be the same preventive program that is presented to all patients.
C)he or she should respond that this is not a delegable function for an assistant.
D)he or she should transfer the patient to the dental hygienist for instructions.

Answer 2

it should be tailored to the needs of the patient.

Question 3

When entering the treatment room with a wheelchair-bound patient,you should ensure that the patient is positioned:

A)as close to the dental chair as possible.
B)the same way that he or she will be seated in the dental chair.
C)the opposite way that he or she will be seated in the dental chair.
D)both a and b.

Answer 3

both a and b.

Question 4

The most commonly reported oral-related health conditions affecting older persons include:

A)xerostomia and periodontal disease, but not tooth decay, which peaks at about age 18.
B)excessive salivation and periodontal disease, but not tooth decay, which peaks at about age 18.
C)xerostomia, periodontal disease, and tooth decay.
D)excessive salivation and periodontal disease due to osteoporosis.

Question 5

The fastest-growing segment of the U.S.population is:

A)children between 1 and 10 years of age.
B)young adults in their 20s.
C)40 to 50 year olds.
D)the older population, 65 years of age and older.

Question 6

_____ is a medical condition in which the blood pressure is elevated.

A)Anemia
B)Angina
C)Bacteremia
D)Hypertension

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true concerning "Functionally Independent Older Adults"?

A)Persons in this age group have fewer natural teeth and believe that tooth loss is an inevitable part of aging.
B)Some persons in this age group have retained their natural teeth, but more of them have fixed and removable prostheses.
C)This group has retained more of their natural teeth and expects to maintain them throughout their lives.
D)This segment of the population tends to have medical conditions that are reflected in their oral health.

Question 8

Which of the following treatment plan modifications should be made for a patient with heart disease,with regard to the administration of local anesthetic by injection?

A)No modification in treatment plan is necessary.
B)Epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors are contraindicated, and may not be administered to patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.
C)Epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors can be administered within limits to patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.
D)Local anesthetic by injection is contraindicated for patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.

Question 9

Patients with _____ may have a diminished cough reflex and may have an inability to clear their throats by coughing.

A)arthritis
B)congestive heart failure
C)muscular dystrophy
D)hyperthyroidism

Question 10

The _____ regulates metabolism in the body's cells.

A)liver
B)thyroid gland
C)spleen
D)brain

Question 11

An excessive increase in white blood cells may be the result of an infection or _____,among other causes.

A)leukemia
B)anemia
C)emphysema
D)hemophilia

Question 12

A patient who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident,or _____,has experienced a minor to severe loss of the central nervous system function caused by a sudden vascular lesion of the brain,such as a hemorrhage.

A)seizure
B)stroke
C)petit mal seizure
D)cardiovascular disorder

Question 13

Which of the following is true of seizures?

A)Epilepsy can affect up to 10 percent of the general population.
B)Petit mal seizures typically last 5 to 10 minutes.
C)Grand mal seizures may be preceded by an aura.
D)Antiepileptic medications such as Dilantin cause increased salivary flow.

Question 14

Diabetes mellitus is a:

A)metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose and an absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin.
B)form of progressive mental deterioration occurring in middle to older age.
C)condition resulting from excessive activity of the thyroid gland.
D)condition resulting from severe thyroid hormone insufficiency.

Question 15

Treatment modifications for hearing-impaired patients include:

A)leaning toward one of the patient's ears while speaking.
B)talking with a family member rather than the patient.
C)using written information to supplement communication.
D)ignoring when they don't respond.

Question 16

Patients can be categorized into five specific areas for treatment purposes.A category III patient involves:

A)no special modifications.
B)medical conditions with lifelong implications and requires modifications to treatment.
C)scheduling changes and shorter appointments.
D)serious medical conditions that require only limited care to eliminate serious oral disease.

Question 17

It is essential to complete a _____ profile before treating an older patient.

A)social
B)genetic
C)mobility
D)medication

Question 18

Common side effects of Dilantin,the drug used to control epileptic seizures,include:

A)gingival hyperplasia.
B)overgrowth of the gingival tissue.
C)severe tooth decay.
D)both a and b.

Question 19

The aging population can be faced with special oral health needs,and the goal of the dental team for these patients is to:

A)factor this into the treatment planning phase.
B)treat them exactly the same as everyone else.
C)assure them that the condition of their mouth will not affect self-esteem or social interaction.
D)inform them that poor oral health will have no effect on general health.

Question 20

Which of the following conditions is considered a form of heart disease?

A)Hypertension
B)Pectoral muscle
C)Pulmonary disorder
D)Cancer

Question 21

Older adults (persons older than 65),some of whom have maintained some of their natural teeth but more of whom have fixed and/or removable prosthetics,and are beginning to have multiple health problems,are categorized as:

A)functionally independent older adults.
B)dependent older adults.
C)frail older adults.
D)senior citizens.

Question 22

In which type of diabetes mellitus (DM) is the patient insulin dependent?

A)Type II
B)Type I
C)Type III
D)None of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is when the thyroid gland is underactive and produces fewer hormones?

A)Overactive thyroid
B)Hypertension
C)Graves' disease
D)Hypothyroidism

Question 24

In treating a patient with diabetes,which of the following is not a treatment plan that should
Be followed?

A)Schedule a long appointment for late in the day.
B)Maintain normal dietary intake.
C)Minimize stress.
D)Minimize the risk of infection.

Question 25

What may cause teeth to darken and become more brittle because of aging?

A)Reduced size of the pulp chamber
B)Deposits of secondary dentin
C)Large caries
D)Both a and b

Question 26

Heart disease can manifest in many ways.Which of the following is not a cause?

A)Diabetes
B)Hypertension
C)Angina
D)Congestive heart failure

Question 27

There are three major areas for the role of the dental assistant in caring for the medically and physically compromised patient.Which of the following does not apply?

A)Aids in diagnosis and treatment planning
B)Aids dentist in providing treatment
C)Makes the patient more comfortable and reduces anxiety
D)Serves as a source of information to patient and the patient's family

Question 28

A condition that occurs when red blood cells are deficient in hemoglobin can cause:

A)leukemia.
B)hemophilia.
C)anemia.
D)excessive bleeding.

Question 29

Which term indicates a respiratory disease associated with allergies and characterized by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing,chest constriction,and coughing?

A)Bronchitis
B)Emphysema
C)Asthma
D)All of the above

Question 30

Xerostomia,"dry mouth" caused by a decreased flow of saliva,can be a result of:

A)alcoholism.
B)diabetes.
C)adverse drug effects.
D)all of the above.

Question 31

What percentage of older people may be affected by periodontal disease?

A)25%
B)30%
C)15%
D)50%

Question 32

Which of the following is the irreversible enlargement in the size of the air spaces that
Results in labored breathing and increased susceptibility to infection?

A)Bronchitis
B)Emphysema
C)Asthma
D)Allergy

Question 33

"Stable" angina is a sharp pain in the chest that is:

A)usually predictable.
B)unpredictable.
C)unstable.
D)none of the above.

Question 34

The most common oral-related health condition(s) that affects older patients is(are):

A)xerostomia.
B)periodontal disease.
C)dark and brittle teeth.
D)all of the above.

Question 35

Which of the following is not a recommendation for treating hypertension?

A)Handle more stress.
B)Limit salt intake.
C)Follow a particular diet.
D)Perform exercise.

Question 36

Which of the following is not considered to be a major factor in hypertension?

A)Stress
B)Exercise
C)Smoking
D)Heredity

Question 37

A stroke is caused by a sudden vascular lesion of the brain,such as:

A)embolism.
B)ruptured aneurysm.
C)hemorrhage.
D)all of the above.

Question 38

An older patient complains that his neck hurts when reclined in a dental chair.This patient most likely suffers from:

A)muscular dystrophy.
B)lower back pain.
C)arthritis.
D)atrophy.

Question 39

A patient shows loss of memory as well as impairment of judgment and comprehension.These are symptoms of which neurological disorder?

A)Epilepsy
B)Multiple sclerosis
C)Alzheimer's
D)All of the above

Question 40

Depression is:

A)a feeling that "all is not well."
B)a disturbance in thinking and perception.
C)hallucinations.
D)a general emotional rejection and withdrawal.