Deck 5: Theories of Aging and Physical Changes

Question 1

Aging ordinarily leads to decreases in which of the following?

A) Creatinine clearance and insulin secretion
B) Blood carbon dioxide and saliva production
C) Left ventricle-wall thickness and skin healing time
D) Serum triiodothyronine (T?) and gastric pepsin

Answer 1

Serum triiodothyronine (T?) and gastric pepsin

Question 2

Name the theory of aging that suggests that the adverse physical effects of aging are the result of a gradual loss of control mechanisms in the pituitary and hypothalamus.

A) Free-radical theory
B) Programmed theory
C) Stochastic theory
D) Neuroendocrine theory

Answer 2

Neuroendocrine theory

Question 3

Which age-related change contributes to anorexia and weight loss in the older adult?

A) Excessive saliva
B) Fewer taste buds
C) Wearing dentures
D) Softened tooth enamel

Answer 3

Fewer taste buds

Question 4

The nurse assigns the diagnosis of Nutrition Imbalance: less than body requirements for an older adult.Which age-associated intestinal problem does the nurse apply to plan goals and interventions to improve this adult's nutritional status?

A) Less intrinsic factor secretion
B) Short, broad small intestinal villi
C) Decreased gastric smooth muscle
D) Decreased large intestinal motility

Question 5

During a nursing assessment,an older adult tells the nurse about increasing loss of balance.Further assessment indicates musculoskeletal changes.Which patient teaching should the nurse implement to address musculoskeletal reasons for the loss of balance?

A) Exercise with light weights.
B) Stand on one foot at a time while supported.
C) Train with the use of sit-ups.
D) Work out in a swimming pool.

Question 6

Which change in the skin is abnormal in an older person?

A) Thinner and more fragile skin
B) Red, swollen 3-day-old wound
C) Greater number of freckles
D) Loss of hair on the extremities

Question 7

An older man who paints houses for a living has had a myocardial infarction (MI).Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent adverse health effects from his occupational history?

A) Provide low-cholesterol diet meals.
B) Avoid substances that are hepatotoxic.
C) Promote coughing and deep breathing.
D) Analyze the electrocardiogram's rhythm.

Question 8

An older adult who recently had surgery complains of pain at the level of 3 out of 10 and constipation during the postoperative primary care visit.Which intervention should the nurse implement to first facilitate elimination?

A) Encourage the use of a laxative.
B) Review the medication list.
C) Promote fiber in the diet.
D) Suggest added fluid intake.

Question 9

The Healthy People 2020 document identified which goals for immunizations?

A) Increase percentage of persons who receive a seasonal influenza immunization; 65 years of age or over and living in the community
B) Increase percentage of persons who are vaccinated against herpes zoster, 60 years of age or over
C) Increase percentage of persons who are vaccinated against pneumococcal disease; 65 years of age or over and living in the community
D) Increase percentage of persons who are vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV); 60 years of age or over

Question 10

An older female patient is reading a large-print magazine and states that reading is difficult for her in the evening.Which intervention should the nurse implement?

A) Put a high-intensity lamp at the head of her bed.
B) Explain to her that the gray-yellow ring around her cornea, arcus senilis, is interfering with visual acuity.
C) Put more powerful tubes in the fluorescent room lights.
D) Examine her retinas for signs of damage.

Question 11

The nurse administers an antibiotic and naproxen to an older woman.Which laboratory test result should the nurse monitor to gauge the older adult's response to the medication?

A) Urine creatinine
B) Indirect bilirubin
C) Serum creatinine
D) Total hemoglobin

Question 12

When caring for an older man patient,the nurse is aware that which changes are associated with the male reproductive system and aging?

A) Testes soften
B) Seminiferous tubules thicken
C) Sperm count decreases
D) Ejaculation is slower

Question 13

The nurse cares for an older adult who has a prealbumin level of 10 mg/dl and an infection in a large wound.Which intervention is the nurse's priority?

A) Monitor temperature and leukocytes.
B) Provide assistance with meal planning.
C) Provide high-quality protein in the diet.
D) Maintain oxygen saturation above 95%.

Question 14

The latest trends in medicine encourage health care providers to prescribe nutrient-dense foods and exercise to prevent or delay the shortening of telomeres.On which biological theory of aging are these practices based?

A) Genetic research
B) Caloric restriction
C) Pacemaker theory
D) Cross-link theory

Question 15

Decreased functioning of which physical structure is likely to result in decreased metabolism in older adults?

A) Kidney
B) Thyroid gland
C) Brain
D) Skeleton

Question 16

The nurse designs a group exercise program at a senior center.Which room should the nurse choose for the program?

A) Room with a beautiful hardwood floor tastefully appointed with throw rugs
B) Spacious room with no windows but with fluorescent lighting and a natural stone floor
C) Room with a hardwood floor and large windows overlooking a garden area
D) End room with a linoleum floor and a fan for ventilation to compensate for the room's broken air conditioner

Question 17

Which factor(s)associated with aging contribute(s)to the high incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults?

A) Fewer T-lymphocytes
B) Less lean muscle mass
C) Decreased thyroid function
D) Decreased physical activity
E) Left ventricular hypertrophy
F)Decreased insulin sensitivity

Question 18

During a walk,an older man suffers a laceration from a broken tree branch.Rank the nurse's interventions in order,beginning with the most important intervention.

A) Flush and cleanse the wound well.
B) Investigate a possible safety hazard.
C) Instruct him to keep the wound covered.
D) Verify a current tetanus immunization.
E) none of the above