Deck 17: Metabolic Disorders

Question 1

The nurse recognizes which of the following signs and symptoms as an indication of hypothyroidism?

A) Decline in cognitive function
B) Decrease in functional status
C) Decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4)
D) Heat intolerance

Answer 1

Decline in cognitive function
Decrease in functional status
Heat intolerance

Question 2

Which co-morbidity commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus enhances the development of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus?

A) Hyperlipidemia
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Venous insufficiency
D) Chronic constipation

Answer 2

Hyperlipidemia

Question 3

Which is the most important medication the nurse administers to a patient with diabetes mellitus to attenuate a metabolic disorder that is closely associated with diabetes mellitus and that accelerates the disease processes are associated with diabetes mellitus?

A) Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
B) Colchicine (Colsalide)
C) Calcium citrate (Citracal)
D) Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)

Answer 3

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about medications taken by individuals with diabetes mellitus?

A) Sitagliptin (Januvia) is indicated to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus.
B) Nateglinide (Starlix) increases the secretion of insulin.
C) Metformin (Glucophage) increases the secretion of insulin.
D) Rosiglitazone (Avandia) decreases glucose absorption.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about diabetes mellitus?

A) Type 2 diabetes is the result of the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.
B) Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 125 mg/dl.
C) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 1 diabetes.
D) The incidence of diabetes mellitus does not increase with age.

Question 6

The nurse assists an older man who has type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve his glucose control.Which of the following instructions does the nurse give to this individual when he plans to walk more than usual in one day?

A) Omit antidiabetic medication.
B) Wear sturdy open-toed shoes.
C) Supplement caloric intake.
D) Prepare to administer insulin.

Question 7

Which ethnic groups in the United States have higher rates of diabetes mellitus than non-Hispanic white people?

A) Pima Indians
B) Alaskan Natives
C) Cuban Americans
D) Native Americans
E) African Americans
F)Mexican Americans

Question 8

The nurse teaches an older adult who has diabetes mellitus and takes metoprolol (Lopressor)to recognize clinical indicators of hypoglycemia.Which clinical indicators of hypoglycemia does the nurse include in patient teaching as the indicators this man is most likely to detect?

A) Shaking
B) Dizziness
C) Weakness
D) Diaphoresis
E) Tachycardia
F)Impaired vision

Question 9

The older adult who has type 2 diabetes mellitus has a sensory impairment and unstable blood sugar levels.Which of the following alterations in sensory function does the nurse address in the plan of care for stabilizing the blood sugar?

A) Requires reading glasses at 2.0 strength.
B) Has difficulty hearing in crowded rooms.
C) Enjoys spicy food more than bland food.
D) Awakens with periodic left-foot numbness.

Question 10

When teaching a patient about foods that do not increase blood glucose,which should the nurse include?

A) White bread
B) Baked beans
C) Broccoli
D) Corn

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.Which signs and symptoms indicate hyperthyroidism?

A) Atrial fibrillation
B) Heart failure
C) Constipation
D) Heat intolerance

Question 12

An older woman who has diabetes mellitus takes glipizide (Glucotrol)and tells the nurse that her blood sugar levels have been higher than normal since she began using a vaginal cream for hot flashes.Which one of the following interventions is the best for the nurse to implement?

A) Ask the patient if she has had a fever or infection recently.
B) Verify the expiration date of the medication.
C) Review her diet for increased carbohydrates.
D) Ascertain whether the vaginal cream contains estrogen.

Question 13

An older man who is a non-Hispanic Caucasian has a fasting blood sugar level above 130 mg/dl.Which patient assessment does the nurse use to confirm a high risk for diabetes mellitus in this man?

A) 68 years of age
B) 120/80 mm Hg
C) Palpable peripheral pulses
D) Total cholesterol 198 mg/dl

Question 14

Which is the best goal when planning nursing care for an older patient with diabetes mellitus?

A) Stabilize the serum glucose.
B) Prevent disease progression.
C) Set walking distance goals.
D) Plan for consistent exercise.

Question 15

An older man with diabetes mellitus complains to the nurse that his feet feel like they are burning.Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend to this older adult to reduce his discomfort?

A) Wear well-fitting, leather shoes
B) Wear knee-high nylon stockings
C) Soak the feet in warm water
D) Apply antifungal powder on the feet

Question 16

An older man comes to a primary care setting,and his reason for seeking health care is to get a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra).Which of the following laboratory reports can help explain why this individual needs sildenafil?

A) Serum potassium 4.5 mEq/L
B) Prothrombin time 13 seconds
C) Alanine transferase (ALT) 50 units/L
D) Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hgb A1c) over 8%

Question 17

Which laboratory results are goals for reducing a person's risk for diabetes and heart disease?

A) Triglycerides over 150 mg/dl
B) Cholesterol 250 mg/dl
C) High-density lipoprotein (HDL) over 40 mg/d
D) Fasting blood glucose under 150 mg/dl