Deck 19: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

An older woman has severe ischemic heart disease,hypertension,and low cardiac output.Which medication does the nurse administer to counteract the neurohormonal activation of this patient's cardiovascular status?

A) Loop diuretic
B) Nitroglycerin
C) Cardiac glycoside
D) Beta-adrenergic blocker

Answer 1

Beta-adrenergic blocker

Question 2

After an acute exacerbation of COPD,the nurse prepares an older adult for discharge to home.Which is the most important patient teaching for the nurse to include for the prevention of hospitalizations for exacerbations of COPD?

A) Ease breathing by sitting upright.
B) Use low-flow oxygen for dyspnea.
C) Avoid sick people and wash hands.
D) Eat nutrient- and calorie-dense foods.

Answer 2

Avoid sick people and wash hands.

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement about heart disease in older men and women?

A) More women than men die from MIs.
B) Cardiac care for men and women is equally aggressive.
C) Cardiac medications have been tested on men and women equally.
D) Women generally receive less aggressive treatment than men do.

Answer 3

Women generally receive less aggressive treatment than men do.

Question 4

Which condition is a COPD?

A) Bronchial asthma
B) Histoplasmosis
C) Bacterial pneumonia
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 5

An African-American 58-year-old man in good health has a blood pressure at 120/73 mm Hg at his annual physical examination.Which of the following is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist him in maintaining his health and wellness into older age?

A) Alter modifiable risk factors.
B) Prevent cardiovascular disease.
C) Recognize disease in early stage.
D) Maintain tight glycemic control.

Question 6

Which of the following is a true statement about tuberculosis (TB)in older adults?

A) The principal threat from TB is its highly contagious nature.
B) The tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is a conclusive test for TB.
C) Antimicrobial drugs have made TB an infection of the past.
D) Older persons, particularly those in nursing homes, are at risk for TB.

Question 7

An older woman who has COPD wants to perform self-care activities.Which instruction should the nurse include in patient teaching to help her achieve this goal?

A) Bathe and eat slowly with periodic rest.
B) Walk short distances without oxygen.
C) Perform all activities of daily living (ADLs) and then rest.
D) Bathe right after eating, and then rest.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about cardiopulmonary disease in older adults?

A) COPD can be reversed with proper treatment.
B) Chest radiographic studies are a reliable indicator of whether pneumonia is present in an older patient.
C) Persons older than 65 years should receive Pneumovax annually.
D) Mouth hygiene is essential to prevent and treat pneumonia.

Question 9

An older man in a cardiac rehabilitation exercise class refuses to participate in the cool-down phase of the activity; consequently,2 minutes later,he passes out but quickly regains consciousness.Which instruction does the nurse include in patient teaching to reinforce the importance of cooling down after exercising to this man?

A) Cardiac output diminishes with age.
B) Mobility capacity decreases with age.
C) Baroreceptor function diminishes with age.
D) Sensory perception diminishes with age.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most important goal in the nursing plan of care to decrease the frequency of hospitalizations for acute exacerbations of HF in older adults who have HF?

A) Control fluid balance.
B) Control blood pressure.
C) Prevent deconditioning.
D) Maintain patient safety.

Question 11

An older man who has HF complains of increasing dyspnea over 2 days.Which of the following should the nurse assess to help determine whether the patient has adhered to his therapy?

A) Check for peripheral edema.
B) Ask about his bowel pattern.
C) Auscultate the lungs bilaterally.
D) Compare his weight to baseline.
E) Determine coughing frequency.
F)Assess his diet over last 48 hours.

Question 12

After noticing an older man's extremities are cool and the cardiac monitor is showing a heart rate of 120 bpm,the nurse determines that these findings warrant further investigation.Rank the patient' parameters the nurse should examine to assess cardiac output in order of importance,beginning with the first assessment the nurse should complete.

A)Hypoxemia
B)Hypotension
C)Irregular rhythm
D)Low urine output
E)None of the above

Question 13

The nurse should instruct a patient on which of the following modifiable risk factor(s)for essential hypertension?

A) Tobacco use
B) Alcohol
C) Stress management
D) Adequate rest

Question 14

Which classic sign of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)can be absent in an older man with an AMI?

A) Vague complaints
B) Epigastric burning
C) Crushing chest pain
D) Dyspnea and fatigue

Question 15

The exercise tolerance of an older adult is impaired after a MI because of a low ejection fraction.Rank the following interventions that the nurse should use to assist this individual to restore baseline functional status in order of importance,beginning with the first intervention.

A)Provide a well-balanced diet.
B)Assist with range of motion.
C)Sit in chair four times daily.
D)Keep arterial oxygen saturation (SaO?)above 95%.
E) None of the above

Question 16

Which is(are)potential result(s)of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension?

A) Carotid stenosis
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Renal insufficiency
D) Coronary artery disease
E) Isolated systolic hypertension
F)Familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 17

The nurse understands that heart disease risk factors are which of the following?

A) Age
B) Hypertension
C) Diabetes
D) Macular degeneration

Question 18

Which of the following is a true statement about heart disease in older adults?

A) Myocardial infarction (MI) has many of the same symptoms in older patients as in middle-aged persons.
B) Both excessive urination at night and decreased urination can be signs of heart failure (HF).
C) Any exertion on the part of an older adult patient with heart disease can bring on another heart attack.
D) A person with HF is likely to have trouble breathing, except when lying down.

Question 19

The nurse notices that an older female nursing home resident is not eating and that her heart rate is faster than usual.Which should the nurse do to determine if pneumonia is a potential cause of the change in her status?

A) Obtain a specimen for aerobic blood cultures.
B) Promptly send the resident for a chest x-ray examination.
C) Analyze sputum for color, texture, and volume.
D) Compare tympanic temperature to the baseline.