Deck 1: Introduction to Planet Earth

Question 1

The Ming Dynasty ships used magnetic compasses similar to those used today.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) first determination of Earth's circumference
B) mapped world with Roman knowledge showing latitude and longitude
C) made important observations about drift of sea ice
D) first European explorer to Pacific Ocean
E) led voyage that first used the marine chronometer
F) mapped the Mediterranean Sea for the Greeks
G) led voyage that first circumnavigated the globe
H) incorrectly concluded that no life exists in deep ocean
I) used ecological approach to solve fisheries problem
J) established temporary settlement in North America
Magellan

Answer 2

G

Question 3

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) gaseous and dusty space cloud
B) rich in ferromagnesian minerals, between crust and core
C) composed of iron and nickel, liquid outer
D) Big Bang
E) outermost portion of the Earth, basalt and granite
F) Milky Way
G) solar winds
crust

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) innermost liquid layer of the Earth
B) oceanic crust
C) plastic portion of mantle
D) continental crust
E) lower portion of mantle
F) composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur
G) crust and upper mantle
basalt

Question 5

Significant oceanographic knowledge was acquired during the Middle Ages.

Question 6

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) first determination of Earth's circumference
B) mapped world with Roman knowledge showing latitude and longitude
C) made important observations about drift of sea ice
D) first European explorer to Pacific Ocean
E) led voyage that first used the marine chronometer
F) mapped the Mediterranean Sea for the Greeks
G) led voyage that first circumnavigated the globe
H) incorrectly concluded that no life exists in deep ocean
I) used ecological approach to solve fisheries problem
J) established temporary settlement in North America
Ptolemy

Question 7

Early Polynesians only traveled within sight of land.

Question 8

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) gaseous and dusty space cloud
B) rich in ferromagnesian minerals, between crust and core
C) composed of iron and nickel, liquid outer
D) Big Bang
E) outermost portion of the Earth, basalt and granite
F) Milky Way
G) solar winds
galaxy layer and solid inner layer

Question 9

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) first determination of Earth's circumference
B) mapped world with Roman knowledge showing latitude and longitude
C) made important observations about drift of sea ice
D) first European explorer to Pacific Ocean
E) led voyage that first used the marine chronometer
F) mapped the Mediterranean Sea for the Greeks
G) led voyage that first circumnavigated the globe
H) incorrectly concluded that no life exists in deep ocean
I) used ecological approach to solve fisheries problem
J) established temporary settlement in North America
Eratosthenes

Question 10

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) gaseous and dusty space cloud
B) rich in ferromagnesian minerals, between crust and core
C) composed of iron and nickel, liquid outer
D) Big Bang
E) outermost portion of the Earth, basalt and granite
F) Milky Way
G) solar winds
nebula

Question 11

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) innermost liquid layer of the Earth
B) oceanic crust
C) plastic portion of mantle
D) continental crust
E) lower portion of mantle
F) composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur
G) crust and upper mantle
aesthenosphere

Question 12

Christopher Columbus established trade routes from Europe around Africa to Indi
A.

Question 13

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) gaseous and dusty space cloud
B) rich in ferromagnesian minerals, between crust and core
C) composed of iron and nickel, liquid outer
D) Big Bang
E) outermost portion of the Earth, basalt and granite
F) Milky Way
G) solar winds
core

Question 14

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) innermost liquid layer of the Earth
B) oceanic crust
C) plastic portion of mantle
D) continental crust
E) lower portion of mantle
F) composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur
G) crust and upper mantle
granite

Question 15

Vikings led by Thor Heyerdahl established temporary colonies in North Americ
A.

Question 16

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) innermost liquid layer of the Earth
B) oceanic crust
C) plastic portion of mantle
D) continental crust
E) lower portion of mantle
F) composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur
G) crust and upper mantle
lithosphere

Question 17

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) gaseous and dusty space cloud
B) rich in ferromagnesian minerals, between crust and core
C) composed of iron and nickel, liquid outer
D) Big Bang
E) outermost portion of the Earth, basalt and granite
F) Milky Way
G) solar winds
mantle

Question 18

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) first determination of Earth's circumference
B) mapped world with Roman knowledge showing latitude and longitude
C) made important observations about drift of sea ice
D) first European explorer to Pacific Ocean
E) led voyage that first used the marine chronometer
F) mapped the Mediterranean Sea for the Greeks
G) led voyage that first circumnavigated the globe
H) incorrectly concluded that no life exists in deep ocean
I) used ecological approach to solve fisheries problem
J) established temporary settlement in North America
Vikings

Question 19

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) innermost liquid layer of the Earth
B) oceanic crust
C) plastic portion of mantle
D) continental crust
E) lower portion of mantle
F) composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur
G) crust and upper mantle
mesosphere

Question 20

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A) first determination of Earth's circumference
B) mapped world with Roman knowledge showing latitude and longitude
C) made important observations about drift of sea ice
D) first European explorer to Pacific Ocean
E) led voyage that first used the marine chronometer
F) mapped the Mediterranean Sea for the Greeks
G) led voyage that first circumnavigated the globe
H) incorrectly concluded that no life exists in deep ocean
I) used ecological approach to solve fisheries problem
J) established temporary settlement in North America
Balboa

Question 21

Free oxygen was present in the Earth's primordial atmosphere.

Question 22

Carbon dating is used to determine the absolute age of a rock or fossil.

Question 23

The mantle could not have produced enough water to fill the oceans.

Question 24

The salinity of the oceans has been steadily increasing.

Question 25

In general, the chemical composition of ocean water has remained constant through geologic time.

Question 26

Heterotrophic organisms can make their own food from inorganic carbon sources.

Question 27

One distinction between an "ocean" and a "sea" is that a sea:

A) contains more shallow water.
B) is composed of salt water.
C) is smaller than an ocean.
D) may be enclosed by either land or ocean currents.
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 28

The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago.

Question 29

Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust because it is made of silica and manganese.

Question 30

All of the following are TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean except:

A) the bottom of the trench was visited by Piccard and Walsh in the Trieste in 1960.
B) the deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan.
C) the depth of the trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest.
D) the depth of the trench is estimated at 12,500 meters.
E) the trench is called the Mariana Trench.

Question 31

The nebular hypothesis suggests that:

A) all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.
B) Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity.
C) galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another.
D) the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a "big bang".
E) the moon is derived from a protoplanet.

Question 32

The Earth's crust solidified around 4.5 billion years ago.

Question 33

Heterotrophic organisms manufacture their own food using sunlight energy.

Question 34

The four principle oceans of the Earth are the:

A) Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans.
B) Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
C) Atlantic, Antarctic, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans.
D) Antarctic, Caspian, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
E) Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.

Question 35

Earth developed the first ocean by about 4 million years ago.

Question 36

Production of the first free oxygen in the atmosphere caused organisms living at that time to flourish.

Question 37

Radiometric age dating is used to determine the age of most rock layers.

Question 38

When the Earth cooled, the layers of the earth separated based on density differences.

Question 39

Anaerobic organisms require oxygen to survive.

Question 40

The correct arrangement of astronomical bodies from oldest to youngest is:

A) galaxy, solar system, planet.
B) planet, galaxy, solar system.
C) planet, solar system, galaxy.
D) solar system, galaxy, planet.
E) solar system, planet, galaxy.

Question 41

The "Age of Discovery" began with:

A) Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World."
B) Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe.
C) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean.
D) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands.
E) Viking voyages to North America.

Question 42

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)Devonian
B)Jurassic
C)Ordovician
D)Permian
E)Silurian

Question 43

Free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth because oxygen:

A) combines with iron in volcanic rocks.
B) can form ozone and block some UV radiation.
C) is necessary for photosynthesis to occur.
D) reduces atmospheric temperature.
E) was very abundant in our early atmosphere.

Question 44

Discuss advances in oceanographic navigation occurring over the course of human history.

Question 45

Earth's primordial atmosphere most likely included:

A) ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
B) carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and methane.
C) hydrogen, helium, and oxygen.
D) nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide.
E) all of the above.

Question 46

The scientific method includes all of the following except:

A) data collection.
B) evaluation of data.
C) hypothesis formation.
D) hypothesis testing.
E) validation of theory.

Question 47

Organisms that break down organic molecules and release energy are called:

A) autotrophic organisms.
B) bacteria.
C) biotic organisms.
D) fungi.
E) heterotrophic organisms.

Question 48

Oceanic crust is primarily:

A) basalt.
B) carbonate sedimentary rocks.
C) clay minerals.
D) granite.
E) siltstone.

Question 49

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)Cook
B)Cosmas
C)Darwin
D)Herodotus
E)Mercator

Question 50

The separation of the Earth into layers was the result of the:

A) decrease in temperature downward toward the core.
B) differing densities of the rock and mineral materials.
C) gravitational force created by the rotating Earth.
D) initial collection of materials and their position in Earth.
E) presence of water at Earth's surface.

Question 51

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)calcium carbonate
B)carbon dioxide
C)chlorophyll
D)oxygen
E)water

Question 52

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)Erastosthenes
B)Herodotus
C)Ptolemy
D)Pytheas
E)Strabo

Question 53

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A) Baltic
B) Black
C) Caspian
D) Indian
E) Mediterranean

Question 54

Differentiate between a hypothesis and a theory.

Question 55

Radioactive isotopes can sometimes be used to determine the:

A) absolute age of the rock.
B) chemical composition of the rock.
C) formation method.
D) metamorphism.
E) relative age of the rock.

Question 56

Distinguish between an ocean and a sea.

Question 57

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)autotrophic
B)chemosynthesizers
C)cyanobacteria
D)heterotrophs
E)sulfur bacteria

Question 58

Contrast oceanic and continental crust.

Question 59

Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE?

A) Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities.
B) Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust.
C) Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust.
D) Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.
E) Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust.

Question 60

Fish first appeared:

A) after the "Age of the Dinosaurs" during the Mesozoic Era.
B) during the Ordovician Period of the Paleozoic Era.
C) in the Cretaceous Period of the Mesozoic Era.
D) when amphibians dominated the oceans.
E) when land plants evolved during the Carboniferous Period.

Question 61

Describe Stanley Miller's landmark experiment. How did the results of this experiment change theories regarding the evolution of life on Earth?

Question 62

Explain why the presence of free oxygen in our atmosphere marks an important step in the evolution of life on Earth.