Deck 6: Class,Race,and Gender

Question 1

According to the text,the distinction between the terms "household" and "family" is useful for analyzing

A) the relationship between the economy and the organization of adaptive residential arrangements.
B) the multiple residences of the elite.
C) downward mobility.
D) nuclear middle-class families.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The concept of "underclass" in its common usage assumes that

A) family patterns among the poor are adaptations to material conditions they experience.
B) poor people are locked into poverty because of their maladaptive culture.
C) lower-class people have similar attitudes to the middle class, but limited opportunity structures.
D) all of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A gender-roles approach to gender and family emphasizes inequality and power.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following does not describe hierarchies of stratification?

A) They produce different life chances for groups placed in different locations.
B) They distribute rewards unequally.
C) They are highly flexible, allowing for the easy improvement of life chances.
D) They are systems of power and domination.

Question 5

According to the "culture of poverty" thesis,

A) lower-class individuals never succeed.
B) with the exception of having substantially less money, life among the poor is similar to the rest of society.
C) poverty is more a function of people's values and attitudes than of their physical environment.
D) alternative family structure among the poor are adaptive mechanisms.

Question 6

The idea of "life chances" refers to

A) the opportunities one has to live and experience the good things in society.
B) the probability that a child will reach adulthood without being a victim of crime.
C) the likelihood of moving up in the social class structure.
D) none of the above

Question 7

The hierarchies of race,class,and gender operate completely independently of each other.

Question 8

The findings of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) suggest that most poor people can expect to be permanently poor.

Question 9

Culture of poverty theories blame culture for obscuring the extent of child poverty that exists in the United States.

Question 10

Gender-based inequality creates different conditions for women and men even within the same family.

Question 11

The matrix of domination relates to

A) class differences within racial minorities.
B) gender differences within poor families.
C) gay/straight differences within racial minorities.
D) all of the above

Question 12

The Panel Study on Income Dynamics,the study of the economic status of parents and their children over time,finds that

A) welfare dependence is passed on from generation to generation.
B) highly-motivated people are more likely to escape poverty than those with low motivation.
C) poverty is frequently caused by family or occupational circumstances like divorce or sudden unemployment.
D) culture has very little relevance to family life.

Question 13

According to the text,Rodman's study of a lower-class community found that

A) many supposedly ʺdeficientʺ family practices were highly adaptive solutions to the problems in lower-class life.
B) lower-class individuals were no more promiscuous than middle-class individuals.
C) lower-class families had higher life satisfaction scores than middle-class families.
D) limited access to birth control information was responsible for the high rate of illegitimacy.

Question 14

Racial categories are determined by strict and unchanging biological criteria.

Question 15

An important consequence of social stratification is diminished life chances for those on the bottom of the hierarchy.

Question 16

Social stratification refers to

A) a category of people who occupy the same relative economic rank.
B) the bureaucratic organization of social institutions.
C) the way families pass wealth on from generation to generation.
D) the hierarchical ranking of people as superior or inferior.

Question 17

Which of the following is not identified in the text as one of the macro structures that stratifies society?

A) race
B) religion
C) gender
D) class

Question 18

Structural approaches to family diversity suggest that working class families and lower class families are neither disorganized nor deficient.

Question 19

The Hispanic group with the highest rate of poverty are Mexicans and Puerto Ricans.

Question 20

Women on average do more housework than men,regardless of age,ethnicity,race,or marital status.

Question 21

According to the textbook's discussion of marriage among Blacks,

A) Blacks marry earlier than Whites.
B) once married, Blacks have lower rates of marital disruption than the general U.S. population.
C) Black marriages are highly patriarchal.
D) traditional marriage is not always the central social relationship in Black families.

Question 22

Recent research suggests that poor single mothers

A) are generally unwilling to work.
B) use various survival strategies involving work, network support, and outside assistance.
C) do not usually turn to family and friends for help.
D) do not expect to be self-sufficient.

Question 23

Racial categories are

A) inflexible historical constructs.
B) meaningful to people of color but do not really apply to Whites.
C) socially defined and change over time.
D) determined by strict biological criteria.

Question 24

Which of the following is a key point in the structural explanation of class differences?

A) The poor are not as motivated as the non-poor.
B) A large segment of the poor is trapped by welfare dependency.
C) The networks between families and institutions which provide opportunities and resources are shaped by social class.
D) Ghetto life encourages the development of self-defeating behaviors which perpetuate underclass status.

Question 25

According to the text,the major problem of cultural approaches to racial-ethnic family problems is that they

A) view the family as the primary institution of society rather than one largely shaped by social forces.
B) transfer the blame from minority families to the dominant culture.
C) fail to account for the positive effects of affirmative action policies.
D) assume that ethnic families can never adopt modern customs.

Question 26

According to the text,family patterns differ by race because

A) kinship networks have been very important in the culture of non-Whites.
B) there are marked differences in White and non-White birth rates.
C) the Black family deteriorated during and after slavery.
D) social and economic conditions affect racial groups differently.

Question 27

What is the relationship between the working class and their extended families?

A) Working-class families are autonomous and do not depend on family support.
B) Working-class families depend on extended families for social support and financial assistance.
C) Black working-class families depend on extended family financial support, but White working-class families do not.
D) Working-class families are likely to share living space with extended family members and pool financial resources.

Question 28

What percent of Hispanic children (under 18 years) were living in poverty in 2011?

A) 5%
B) 13%
C) 34%
D) 50%

Question 29

According to Whitaker,corporate relocation of professionals

A) affects family members in similar ways.
B) often works to the advantage of women.
C) often works to the disadvantage of women.
D) has little effect on spouses because of telecommuting.

Question 30

Edin found that poor women

A) preferred welfare to work.
B) have more children than rich women.
C) thought finding a job was a strategy that assured economic self-sufficiency.
D) give up on marriage because they believe marriage will make their lives more difficult.

Question 31

Most research on family life among Chicanos suggests that

A) familism is a function of strict patriarchal control in Chicano families.
B) familism is, in part, a strategy for surviving difficult economic circumstances.
C) the spirit of familism has been a negative influence in the lives of most Chicanos.
D) familism is important to immigrant families, but over time, extended family ties become less important.

Question 32

William J.Wilson's research on the urban underclass views social problems in the ghetto as a result of

A) declining employment opportunities for Black men.
B) high divorce rates.
C) the high rate of out-of-wedlock births.
D) micro level prejudice and discrimination.

Question 33

A recent study shows that young refugees from Africa

A) draw their identity from society rather than family.
B) experience little racial discrimination.
C) come to include fictive kin as part of their families.
D) tend to reject family expectations.

Question 34

The family economies of the middle class are distinguished from those of the lower and working classes by

A) middle class links with non-familial institutions, such as banks.
B) the higher likelihood of two-earner families.
C) the middle class tendency to depend on families for financial help.
D) none of the above

Question 35

Which of the following describes the place of family networks in the lives of Black families?

A) Reliance on kin networks is a way for lower-class Blacks to cope with poverty and racism.
B) Blacks are more likely than Whites to live in extended family households.
C) Family networks serve important functions for middle-class Blacks.
D) all of the above

Question 36

According to Hansen's recent research,middle-class families

A) do not depend on social networks.
B) are less and less likely to have two wage earners.
C) are increasingly relying on kin and others outside the family.
D) are not at all self-sufficient.

Question 37

When Randall Collins looks at organizational power position,he finds that the difference between the working class and the middle class is found in

A) whether one gives or takes orders.
B) income, occupation, and education.
C) occupation only.
D) cultural deficiency.

Question 38

Racial-ethnics accommodate to their social and economic contexts by adapting their family patterns.Which of the following is an example of such an adaptation?

A) Compadrazgo
B) Activist mothering
C) Political familism
D) all of the above

Question 39

In which class are the spheres of work and family likely to be merged,with social lives oriented toward occupational concerns?

A) the elite
B) the professional class
C) the middle class
D) the working class

Question 40

The largest group of families in the United States is the

A) lower class.
B) working class.
C) middle class.
D) professional class.

Question 41

What are the key issues in the "Underclass Debate"? Present the two models,culture and structure.

Question 42

Referring to Asian-Americans as the "model minority"

A) ignores the ethnic diversity within this group.
B) is based on statistics showing nearly all Asian-Americans are very successful.
C) is based on the low level of discrimination experienced by Asian-Americans in the past.
D) is based on the fact that Asian-Americans are recent immigrants.

Question 43

Race,class,and gender are hierarchies of stratification in U.S.society.Discuss how each of these is a system of power and subordination.

Question 44

Why is extended family important to racial ethnic families? Give examples of patterns of extended family interaction in either African American or Mexican heritage families.

Question 45

Scholars who use a gendered institutions approach to explaining gender in the family

A) contend that expressive and instrumental roles are complimentary.
B) cite research that frames family activities in terms of power and domination.
C) contend that families have a single, unified interest.
D) hold an image of ʺfamily as fulfillment.ʺ

Question 46

Which of the following is not a component of the gender roles approach?

A) Women provide affection and emotional support.
B) Men provide economic support.
C) The male and female roles are unequal in power and prestige.
D) Separating men and women into distinctive roles creates stable families and meets the needs of society.

Question 47

Describe two of the five social classes discussed in the text.How do connections with opportunity structures differ for families in these two classes?

Question 48

Distinguish between public and private patriarchy,giving examples of male privilege in each.

Question 49

Research by Sarkisian and Gerstel shows that Latinos

A) have stronger family ties than whites.
B) are more likely than whites to live near or with kin.
C) are more likely than whites to give financial assistance to kin.
D) are more likely than whites to give emotional support to kin.

Question 50

Kandiyoti's concept of "patriarchal bargains" refers to

A) the ancient practice of negotiating for a bride's dowry.
B) a pattern of interaction distinctive to traditional Latino families.
C) women strategizing for the most advantageous position they can achieve within the constraints of the patriarchal system.
D) none of the above

Question 51

The concept of public patriarchy refers to

A) male dominance of the institutions of the larger society.
B) male dominance in extended family relations.
C) a husband's domination of his wife in a public place.
D) societies in which patriarchy is enforced through the legal system.