Deck 7: Meshing the Worlds of Work and Family

Question 1

Men's work patterns in the contemporary United States have been most altered by

A) increasing pressure to combine work and family roles.
B) feminism.
C) macro level change that has redistributed jobs.
D) paternity leave.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

"Sequencing" life events is a coping strategy often used by women to minimize the conflicting demands of work and family roles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Teen workers are primarily low-income youth who contribute their earnings to improve their familiesʹ financial status.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Dual-earner families outnumber traditional families (those in which the husband but not the wife is employed) two to one.

Question 5

Research finds that which of the following is a major reason women increasingly work in the paid labor force?

A) They find it personally fulfilling.
B) They are concerned about their long-term income.
C) They are concerned about Social Security and employer benefits.
D) all of the above

Question 6

Research shows that family relationships in the working class are negatively affected by poor working conditions and job insecurity.

Question 7

According to the text,"kin work" refers to the labor of extended kin in family-owned businesses.

Question 8

In 2009,as the Great Recession worsened,unemployment

A) rose sharply.
B) rose more for women than for men.
C) was lower in construction and manufacturing than most other areas.
D) all of the above

Question 9

About 30% of corporate officers in Fortune 500 companies are women.

Question 10

Over 50% of which group of U.S.women is in the labor force?

A) White
B) African American
C) Latina
D) all of the above

Question 11

Economic restructuring has resulted in both too-long and too-short work weeks.

Question 12

One of the major problems with the Family and Medical Leave Act is that job protected leaves provided by the law are unpaid.

Question 13

Less than ten percent of U.S.families have a breadwinner husband and a homemaker wife.

Question 14

Which of the following describes trends in U.S.labor force participation by gender?

A) Women's labor force participation has increased, while men's has decreased.
B) Women's labor force participation has increased, while men's has held steady.
C) Both women's and men's labor force participation has increased.
D) Women's labor force participation has begun to drop, while men's is increasing.

Question 15

Hochschild's research on the "second shift" focuses on the unique problems of factory workers who work 3 to 11 p.m.

Question 16

Research on adolescent employment supports all except which of the following statements?

A) Adolescent employment has been encouraged by the creations of "bad" jobs in the service sector.
B) Teens contribute their earnings to the family to improve the household's financial condition.
C) Employment often interferes with school work.
D) Teen employment is associated with higher rates of drug and alcohol use.

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of teen employment?

A) The rate of employment is higher among African-Americans than Whites.
B) The rate of employment is higher among Whites than Hispanics.
C) The employment rate is higher among higher-income than lower-income teens.
D) Low-income teens tend to compete for jobs with low-income adults.

Question 18

Since 2000,teen participation in the labor force has

A) declined sharply.
B) declined slightly.
C) increased slightly.
D) increased sharply.

Question 19

According to the text,dual-earner families

A) outnumber families in which only the husband is employed two to one.
B) are likely to have no pre-school age children.
C) comprise less than 10% of U.S. families.
D) usually divide household labor evenly between spouses.

Question 20

The most important reason for the increase in labor force participation among wives is

A) the rising cost of sending children to college.
B) the growth in the service economy.
C) the increased availability of child care.
D) the feminist movement.

Question 21

The wife as sole provider scenario usually occurs because

A) of unanticipated economic setbacks for the family.
B) the wife chooses to be the provider.
C) the husband is retired or disabled.
D) all of the above

Question 22

Research finds working class women are

A) more committed to work than middle-class women.
B) more likely than middle-class women to work in family-friendly companies.
C) more likely than middle-class women to give up employment if the income becomes less necessary.
D) all of the above

Question 23

Research on housework suggests husbands do relatively more housework when

A) they do not have a college degree.
B) they are younger.
C) their wives ask them to do more.
D) all of the above

Question 24

Which of the following describes children's household labor in dual-earner families?

A) These children do around double the housework of those in single-earner families.
B) Children have limited responsibility for household tasks.
C) Middle-class children earn their spending money by doing assigned family work.
D) none of the above

Question 25

In the military,where racial discrimination is less prominent than in other institutions,African Americans are

A) less likely to divorce than outside the military.
B) more likely to be unmarried than outside the military.
C) more likely to divorce than outside the military.
D) a smaller percentage than they are in the population at large.

Question 26

The 24-7 economy has impacted family life in which of the following ways?

A) An increasing number of couples work different hours.
B) Family members are frequently required to work weekends or second/third shifts.
C) Family members have less time to be together and share family activities.
D) all of the above

Question 27

Hochschild found that women's "second shift" activities in the home add up to

A) fewer hours than men spend in maintaining yards and household machines.
B) more time than full-time homemakers spend on domestic activities.
C) the delegation of work to husbands and children.
D) an extra month of work each year.

Question 28

According to Gerson and Jacobs,between 1970 and 2000 dual-earner couples

A) increased from 10% to 25% of married couples.
B) saw their average number of hours worked increase.
C) saw their average number of hours worked stay the same.
D) worked fewer hours and teens worked more hours.

Question 29

Arlie Hochschild's research on Fortune 500 companies finds that

A) home is a haven from the demands and pressures of the workplace.
B) the workplace is becoming a haven from the demands and pressures of home.
C) the policies of family-friendly employers vastly reduce the stress experienced by working parents.
D) dual earner couples take nearly equal responsibility for housework and child rearing.

Question 30

Ciabattari's research shows that low-income single mothers

A) tend to experience high levels of work-family conflict.
B) are more likely to leave paid employment.
C) tend to have little stability in their employment history.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 31

The dominant work-family pattern in the United States is

A) dual-worker families.
B) single earner two-parent families.
C) employed single-parent families.
D) unemployed single-parent families.

Question 32

Women who work outside of the home for pay

A) generally experience more psychological anxiety than women who are full-time homemakers.
B) usually require more domestic labor from both sons and daughters than do women in traditional families.
C) generally have higher levels of physical and psychological well-being than full-time homemakers, even when juggling domestic and work roles.
D) all of the above

Question 33

The term "work/family role system" refers to

A) uneven relationships to work and family based on gender.
B) programs where employees can select their work schedules to balance the needs of their families.
C) an employment situation in which a child care center is provided on the premises.
D) the conditions associated with performing a job.

Question 34

Research by Bianchi,Robinson,and Milkie shows that,compared to 25 years ago,

A) parents are spending more time playing with or talking to their children.
B) leisure-time has become less family-centered.
C) married parents spend more time together.
D) women are spending more time doing household chores.

Question 35

According to the research of Sayer,Cohen,and Casper on housework and childcare,which of the following is not true?

A) The hours women spend doing housework have decreased.
B) The hours women spend doing childcare have decreased.
C) The overall number of hours men and women spend doing housework has decreased.
D) The hours men spend doing housework have increased.

Question 36

Which of the following is an effect of the split of work and family that occurred with industrialization?

A) White middle-class women's paid employment increased.
B) The image of ʺfamily as encumbranceʺ emerged.
C) Unpaid work within the household became invisible.
D) none of the above

Question 37

According to Hochschild,which of these factors is the most significant predictor of who will perform the work of the "second shift"?

A) gender
B) social class
C) religious affiliation
D) race and ethnicity

Question 38

According to your textbook,the boundaries between family and work have

A) become less and less clear.
B) not changed in recent decades.
C) become sharper and sharper.

Question 39

Since 1970,the earnings of men without a college education have

A) risen.
B) fallen.
C) increased more than women's.
D) stayed the same.

Question 40

Which of the following has dramatically increased,as a proportion of working class jobs?

A) men in manufacturing jobs
B) teenagers in manufacturing
C) women in care sector jobs
D) men in the skilled trades

Question 41

To what are the authors referring when they discuss a "two-tiered" family benefits structure?

A) Women and men have different family benefits.
B) Women in high level jobs have better family benefits than women in low-wage jobs.
C) Older women have better family benefits than younger women.
D) Paternity leave is becoming widespread.

Question 42

Which state was the first to offer paid family leave?

A) New York
B) California
C) Massachusetts
D) Florida

Question 43

Discuss the gendered nature of labor in the household.What are some of the conclusions the text draws from studies of household labor?

Question 44

Outline the range of family-supportive policies implemented by U.S.employers.How adequate are these supports in meeting family needs?

Question 45

The work that women do to sustain communication with their mates has been referred to as

A) kin work.
B) interaction work.
C) social production.
D) volunteer labor.

Question 46

What are the trends in the labor force participation of U.S.men and women? How has structural change in the U.S.economy contributed to changes in labor force participation?

Question 47

What are the most difficult problems dual-earner families encounter? How are parents coping with the competing demands of work and family?

Question 48

The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 is the only national legislation concerned with family leave following the birth of a child.This legislation provides which of the following:

A) Employers of 50 or more persons must provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
B) Employers of 50 or more persons must provide 12 weeks of paid leave.
C) All employers must provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave.
D) All employers must provide 12 weeks of paid leave.

Question 49

All of the following are documented in the text as coping strategies of working families except

A) sequencing life events.
B) split-shift parenting.
C) an even split of housework between men and women.
D) reducing standards for domestic work.

Question 50

Research on the division of domestic labor in lesbian and gay families finds

A) patterns that resemble those in heterosexual families.
B) patterns that are the opposite of heterosexual families.
C) gay and lesbian couples tend to hire outside help to do housework.
D) that a single member of the relationship does all of the housework.

Question 51

Discuss the new demand for adolescent workers.What has caused that demand? How do adolescents use their earnings?

Question 52

Zavella's study of Chicana cannery workers in California illustrates the relationship of women's work and family roles to

A) the growth of the U.S. agricultural economy.
B) downward mobility.
C) social class and racial inequality.
D) all of the above