Deck 15: The Family

Question 1

Concerning modern trends in family life,

A)today's two wage-earner families are financially worse off than families with one wage earner.
B)most adults now view marriage as an unimportant institution.
C)more children today have relationships with their grandparents than in generations past.
D)the nuclear family continues to be the dominant family type in the United States.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The fact that through their interactions with each other,spouses may influence the behavior of a child,even when the child does not experience these interactions,underlies the concept of

A)caregiver burden.
B)indirect effects.
C)autonomy.
D)spillover effects.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Fathers are most likely to adopt a "motherlike" caregiver role if they

A)are the primary caregiver.
B)work outside the home.
C)hold traditional gender values.
D)are in a blended family.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Michal's parenting style is summarized with the statement,"It's my way or the highway." This description indicates that Michael is best classified as being high on the _____ dimension of childrearing.

A)acceptance-responsiveness
B)responsiveness-demandingness
C)demandingness-control
D)control-acceptance

Question 5

Madison lives with her dad,mother,grandmother,aunt,and brother,Austin.Madison's family is best termed a(n)___ family household.

A)transactional
B)nuclear
C)reconstituted
D)extended

Question 6

The authoritarian parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control.

A)high;high
B)high;low
C)low;high
D)low;low

Question 7

The conceptualization of a "family as a system" best matches the _____ approach to psychology.

A)bioecological
B)classical conditioning
C)psychodynamic
D)Gestalt

Question 8

Sixteen-year-old Tanisha wants to go on a weekend camping trip with a group of her friends (some of whom are male).She brings up the idea with her parents.As they tend to be authoritative parents,their most likely response is to say,

A)"Absolutely not.Case closed."
B)"Do as you please.It's your life!"
C)"Let's see if we can figure out a solution together."
D)"We don't approve,but if you insist..."

Question 9

Which of the following changes in the nature of the American family is true?

A)Family size (number of offspring)is on the rise.
B)The number of working moms is declining.
C)The age of marriage has been delayed.
D)The number of children living in poverty has decreased.

Question 10

While Gao never shouts at his wife,Fumi,when their young daughter Kim is present,the shouting does make Kim upset as it sometimes results in Fumi being verbally aggressive with her daughter.This description demonstrates the

A)impact of indirect effects within a family system.
B)power of hereditary factors in determining behavior.
C)main flaw in the family systems approach.
D)role of classical conditioning in social cognitive development.

Question 11

The family systems approach to understanding families suggests that

A)the larger the family network,the lower the quality of interaction between parent and child.
B)the mother is the central influence on a child's development.
C)every relationship within the system has an impact on every other individual in the system.
D)families function in a similar manner from one culture to the next.

Question 12

Seika's attitude towards parenting is best described as "a lot of praise,a lot of affection,and feedback for negative behavior that is designed to teach but not belittle." This description indicates that Seika is best classified as being high on the _____ dimension of childrearing.

A)acceptance-responsiveness
B)responsiveness-demandingness
C)demandingness-control
D)control-acceptance

Question 13

Julie wants special permission to stay out on a date past her normal curfew.Her parents,who are authoritarian parents,are most likely to respond

A)"Why should we let you do this?"
B)"No,you are not allowed to extend curfew."
C)"You can make that choice and suffer the consequences."
D)"It doesn't matter to us what you do."

Question 14

The neglectful parenting approach is characterized by _____ acceptance-responsiveness and _____ demandingness-control.

A)high;high
B)high;low
C)low;low
D)low;high

Question 15

Because families may consist of configurations other than mother-father-child(ren),some have suggested that the term _____ be used.

A)alternative
B)immediate
C)nontraditional
D)nuclear

Question 16

When asked to describe her parenting style,Mercedes says,"I can sum it up in a single word: indulgent!" This description indicates that Mercedes is best classified as being a(n)_____ parent.

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)moderate
D)permissive

Question 17

Which statement is true with regard to the nature of early parent-child interactions?

A)As the result of genetic factors,fathers have been shown to be incapable of sensitive parenting.
B)Mothers are far more sensitive to infants' cues during feeding.
C)Fathers are more likely to engage in "playful interactions" (e.g. ,tickling,bouncing)with their children.
D)Fathers are significantly less effective at feeding infants.

Question 18

Ralph's parents have very clear rules about what is okay to do and what is not.They are very careful to enforce the rules.However,they are willing to listen to Ralph's side of the story and explain why rules are important.They even consider changing rules that don't seem to be working well.Ralph's parents are best described as having which sort of childrearing pattern?

A)Neglectful
B)Authoritative
C)Authoritarian
D)Permissive

Question 19

Madalena and Roberto are getting married.It is a first marriage for both of them.Based on recent research,which is true?

A)Madalena and Roberto are younger than their parents were when they got married.
B)There is a 60% probability that Madalena and Roberto will get divorced.
C)Madalena is more likely than her mother was to work outside of the home.
D)Madalena and Roberto are likely to have more children than their parents did.

Question 20

Jacob is a member of a teenage gang.He's doing drugs and is into petty crime.On the rare days he shows up at school,he invariably ends up in a fight and leaves early.Jacob's behavior is most typical of children raised by parents who are

A)authoritative.
B)authoritarian.
C)permissive.
D)neglectful.

Question 21

Kathy and Laura want their children to grow up to be self-reliant,cooperative,and achievement-oriented.Based on research by Baumrind,the couple should

A)tell their children that school is really not that important.
B)set firm limits and enforce them consistently.
C)place few restrictions on their children's behavior.
D)severely punish the children if they receive a bad grade.

Question 22

If Margo and Ray want their adolescent daughter Tina to "make it" as an independent adult,they should

A)exert strong control over Tina's behavior during the adolescent years.
B)distance themselves from Tina,to weaken their attachment relationship.
C)let Tina make her own choices and withhold their own opinions,because they won't be around to help their child forever.
D)gradually relinquish power and control so that Tina gains experience in making wise choices.

Question 23

In general,marital satisfaction tends to

A)increase steadily over the first two to three years of marriage.
B)decrease somewhat over the first year of marriage.
C)remain stable for most couples until the "seven-year itch."
D)decrease drastically within six months of the wedding.

Question 24

Which parenting style is best associated with children who are unhappy,relatively aimless,and unpleasant to be around?

A)Permissive
B)Neglectful
C)Authoritarian
D)Authoritative

Question 25

Results from cross-cultural studies have shown that

A)Mexican-Americans teens are more likely than European-Americans teens to disagree with their parents.
B)Japanese teens are socialized to be highly autonomous.
C)Chinese-American teens expect more freedom to date than do European-American teens.
D)In collectivist Asian cultures,parents tend to impose a great number of rules.

Question 26

As children are added to the family,marital satisfaction tends to

A)increase for mothers and fathers,but more steeply for fathers.
B)increase for mothers and fathers,but more steeply for mothers.
C)decrease for mothers and fathers,but more steeply for fathers.
D)decrease for mothers and fathers,but more steeply for mothers

Question 27

The fact that infants elicit more sensitive care from adults than teens is best explained by

A)the parent effects model.
B)caregiver burden.
C)the child effects model.
D)permissive parenting.

Question 28

Which statement concerning parenting styles and culture is true?

A)Parents in collectivist cultures stress the importance of childhood autonomy.
B)Native-American parents feel that it is a parent's place to force children to do what they feel is right.
C)African-American children view coercive parenting as a sign of care and not hostility.
D)Children in individualistic cultures tend to have more authoritarian parents.

Question 29

Mahmoud is a highly-paid executive of a major technology firm.How is Mahmoud's position most likely to impact how he raises his son Ahmad?

A)He will emphasize the importance of obedience to authority.
B)He will become significantly more authoritarian.
C)He will downplay the importance of education.
D)He will attempt to foster initiative and creativity skills.

Question 30

Alana and Jesse are a typical American couple expecting their second child.Once the baby arrives,it is most likely that

A)Alana and Jesse will become more satisfied with their marriage.
B)Jesse will become more involved in caring for the children.
C)The stress level in the family will lessen,as the two children will keep each other company.
D)Alana and Jesse will experience a sharp decline in marital satisfaction.

Question 31

Cross-cultural research has shown that older siblings serve as principal caregivers for infants and toddlers in _____ of the cultures studied.

A)27%
B)37%
C)47%
D)57%

Question 32

Which statement concerning the childrearing family is true?

A)Conflicts between parents and children tend to decrease between childhood and adolescence.
B)The stress of caring for a toddler tends to be greater than caring for an infant.
C)Parents with teens tend to be less likely to question their own life path.
D)Parents of teens tend to be unaffected when the teenager is having personal problems.

Question 33

Rudy just turned 17 and has begun to hang with a bad crowd who take drugs and cause mayhem.His parents react by taking away his cell phone and treating him in a less supportive manner.Which family systems model is best exemplified by Rudy's parent's reaction?

A)Social learning
B)Parent effects
C)Indirect effect
D)Child effects

Question 34

The _____ family systems model would be most accepting of the notion,
"It's always mommy's fault!"

A)social learning model
B)indirect effects model
C)transactional model
D)parents effects model

Question 35

The arrival of a new baby in the family is most likely to

A)increase feelings of marital satisfaction for the parents.
B)promote feelings of resentment and dependency behaviors in existing firstborn children.
C)result in parents overcompensating by paying more attention to older siblings than the newborn.
D)enhance an older sibling's feelings of competence and self-reliance.

Question 36

Which parenting style is most likely to promote psychological autonomy in adolescents?

A)Authoritative
B)Authoritarian
C)Permissive
D)Neglecting

Question 37

Explanations on socioeconomic differences in parenting have focused on all of the following EXCEPT

A)genetic differences.
B)poverty-related stressors.
C)limited educational resources.
D)authoritative parenting methods.

Question 38

Research on marital satisfaction has shown that

A)marriages tend to crumble due to the buildup of negative feelings that accumulate over the years.
B)an early negative reaction concerning a marriage will likely continue to be seen at about the same level throughout the marriage.
C)most divorces are due to a midlife crisis occurring about 14 years into a marriage.
D)divorce is less likely in couples who hold an overly romantic view of their marriage at its start.

Question 39

Which is true regarding parent-adolescent relationships?

A)Interactions in childhood have no impact on an adolescent's relationship with his or her parents.
B)The conflict level between teens and parents has grown dramatically during the past few decades.
C)Parent-child relationships from the teen years through middle age is marked by dramatic highs and lows.
D)Most adolescents respect their parents.

Question 40

When attempting to explain why his son is so violent,Cedrick says,"He seems to have a natural tendency toward violence,and my spanking him has just made the situation worse." Cedrick's explanation best exemplifies the _____ model of family influence.

A)parent effects
B)child effects
C)transactional
D)indirect

Question 41

Recent research has shown that the _____ grandparenting style is the most common in the United States.

A)remote
B)companionate
C)involved
D)permissive

Question 42

The "middle generation squeeze" refers to

A)young grandparents who must simultaneously care for their own and their children's children.
B)middle-aged adults who find themselves simultaneously caring for both younger and older generations.
C)children of divorce who must split their time between living with both mother and father.
D)children who are the middle-born in a large family.

Question 43

Which event ends the traditional family life cycle?

A)Death of the last child
B)Retirement
C)Widowhood
D)Death of the only remaining member of a family

Question 44

Research on adult sibling relationships has shown that they

A)spend a great deal of time discussing intimate issues.
B)are negatively impacted if parents "played favorites".
C)are generally not there to support each other.
D)display virtually no competition as they build their lives.

Question 45

Whose care is most likely to lead to caregiver burden if they are taken in by an adult child?

A)Victor,who has cancer but can get around pretty well
B)Tomiko,whose dementia makes her disruptive 
C)Pedro,who had his feet amputated due to diabetes
D)Olga,who is wealthier than the daughter who will be taking her in

Question 46

Which statement best describes sibling relationships over the adulthood years?

A)Sibling rivalry disappears once the children are on their own.
B)Most siblings share intimate problems frequently across the years.
C)Siblings often grow emotionally closer from middle age to old age.
D)Significant life events like the death of a parent can bring close siblings together and push rival siblings apart.

Question 47

The most likely negative outcome of being an involved grandparent is

A)guilt over lack of interaction with grandkids.
B)lack of money due to overspending.
C)depression over taking on significant responsibility.
D)remorse over not having had more children and more grandkids.

Question 48

The most common form of grandparenting in the United States appears to be one where there is

A)little contact between grandparent and grandchild,largely due to geographical distance.
B)frequent contact between grandparent and grandchild,with the grandparent often?assuming a parental role.
C)frequent contact between grandparent and grandchild,with the primary goal being enjoyment of one another.
D)infrequent contact between grandparent and grandchild,but when together the grandparents tend to meddle in the way the child is being reared.

Question 49

All else being equal,who is likely to feel most satisfied with their marriage?

A)Julie and Jorge,who just got married
B)Helen and Gary,who just had their first child
C)Hae and Tuan,who have two young children
D)Rico and Carmen,whose children are in high school

Question 50

Due to his level of interaction,Samuel might best be considered a substitute parent for his grandson Patrick.This indicates that Samuel has a(n)_____ grandparenting style.

A)remote
B)companionate
C)involved
D)watch dog

Question 51

Kitty and Dennis are about to experience a "boomerang effect" with their children.How should they prepare?

A)Get ready for a major fight about autonomy and about how teens are adults and should be treated like adults and given their freedom.
B)Pack the car because their last child is heading off to college.
C)Smile because their adult children are in the process of repaying them for past financial support they received as kids. 
D)Make up the spare room because one of their children is about to move back home.

Question 52

How is marital satisfaction typically associated with the entry of the first child into a family and the exit of the last child from the family?

A)Both events are characterized by a slight increase in marital satisfaction.
B)The entry is characterized by a slight increase and the launching with a slight decrease in marital satisfaction.
C)The entry is characterized by a slight decrease and the launching with a slight increase in marital satisfaction.
D)Both events are characterized by a slight decrease in marital satisfaction.

Question 53

Married couples who voluntarily remain "childfree"

A)generally experience greater marital satisfaction than couples with children during the childrearing years.
B)tend to be less satisfied with their lives as they age than couples whose children have grown.
C)tend to have higher levels of depression than couples with children.
D)typically feel like failures for never having children.

Question 54

Though Rania is Priya's mother,due to a chronic illness,Priya now has to take almost total care for her aging mother.Priya's situation is an example of

A)the sandwich generation.
B)authoritarian parenting.
C)role reversal.
D)the empty nest.

Question 55

Which of the following people will likely be the first to take responsibility for taking care of Albert now that he is old and in declining health?

A)his wife Louise
B)his son Peter
C)his daughter-in-law Rosa
D)his neighbor Sandra

Question 56

The "spillover effect" occurs when

A)a person's sexual orientation impacts his or her job status.
B)an adult child has to care for an elderly parent or grandparent.
C)work life affects home life and vice versa.
D)two divorced families remarry to form one large family.

Question 57

Grandpa Sylvester loves spending time going to professional wrestling events with his grandson Marshawn.He comments that the best part is that he can have fun without worrying about parenting responsibilities.Sylvester is best described as having a _____ style.

A)remote
B)companionate
C)involved
D)permissive

Question 58

Which statement concerning child-parent relationships in older age is true?

A)Aging fathers tend to be closer to their sons than aging mothers are to their daughters.
B)Most older parents would prefer to live with their children not near their children.
C)Older African-American elders enjoy more supportive relationships with their children than older European-American.
D)Relationships between the generations are seldom affectionate.

Question 59

Erikson would argue that the positive feeling of self associated with the empty nest in middle age indicates a successful attainment of a sense of

A)generativity.
B)integrity.
C)independence.
D)initiative.

Question 60

In the United States,at age 65,the largest group consists of

A)married men living with their wives.
B)married women living with their husbands.
C)unmarried men living alone.
D)unmarried women living alone.

Question 61

Debbie is always happy when her mom has a good day at work,because she brings home something yummy for dessert.This indicates that Debbie's family is

A)experiencing spillover effects.
B)high in permissiveness.
C)experiencing a transactional effect.
D)low in demandingness.

Question 62

While in the mid 20th century the family of mom,dad,and a couple of kids was seen as a(n)________,today it is considered a(n)________..

A)fantasy;ideal
B)ideal;stereotype
C)goal;failure
D)stereotype;system

Question 63

Statistically speaking,who is at greatest risk for abusing their child?

A)Javon,a young,employed male with two children
B)Rene,a young,unemployed single woman with four children
C)Doug,a middle-aged,poor,single father of one
D)Maritza,a middle-aged,married,working mother of five

Question 64

Which of the following is the best advice to optimize an infant's development?

A)Two parents are better than one.
B)A father is better than none.
C)Mother always knows best.
D)A good parent does the work of two.

Question 65

When a couple with one child welcomes another child,how many subsystems are added to the family system? 

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 66

Dr.Patterson regularly lectures about the decline of family values in America.He believes that adults with children who divorce are ________.

A)sinning in the eyes of god.
B)acting out of selfish motives
C)fighting emotional illness
D)striving for a better option

Question 67

From a systems perspective,the change that occurs in a family can best be described as ________.

A)predictable
B)problematic
C)staged
D)multidimensional

Question 68

Which statement is the best example of a macroenvironmental contributor to child abuse?

A)Many abusers are former abuse victims.
B)Abuse is higher in transient and poor neighborhoods.
C)Children are at higher risk for abuse than adults.
D)Abuse is higher in societies that condone physical punishment.

Question 69

Paul and Sarah just got divorced,with Sarah getting full custody of their two children as the mom.It is most likely that,early on,Sarah will be more _____ and Paul  will be more _____ with the children.

A)warm and loving;cold and distant
B)permissive;highly controlling
C)impatient;indulgent
D)cold and distant;inconsistent

Question 70

If a family is a system,then the mother and child functioning together are a(n)________.

A)dyad
B)transaction
C)subsystem
D)complement

Question 71

Which of the following has suffered as a result of the changes in mothers' activities over the past 50 years?

A)child responsiveness
B)woman's income
C)household order
D)life satisfaction

Question 72

Which statement concerning reconstituted families is true?

A)Difficulties are more likely if both parents bring children into the family.
B)The first few years in the new family tend to be the time of least conflict.
C)Boys tend to resent step-fathers more than girls resent step-mothers.
D)Children in blended reconstituted families are less likely to show antisocial behaviors than children from intact two-parent families.

Question 73

As a child,Anthony was physically abused by his mother.He has now begun to physically abuse his daughter.Anthony's behavior best exemplifies

A)spillover effects.
B)intergenerational transmission of parenting.
C)caregiver burden.
D)middle generation squeeze.

Question 74

Duvall's family life cycle perspective could be described as all of the following EXCEPT:

A)traditional
B)adaptive
C)outdated
D)narrow

Question 75

Right now across the world,who is most likely being abused?

A)a spouse (or partner)
B)a sibling
C)a child
D)an elderly person

Question 76

After her father passed away,Violet asked her mother Sally to move in with her husband Ramzi and their kids.The kids love having grammy around and Violet and Ramzi appreciate the extra help.Which of the following best describes the change that occurred here? 

A)A traditional family became a blended family.
B)An immediate family became a nuclear family.
C)An extended family became a transactional family. 
D)A nuclear family became an extended family.

Question 77

In general,gay and lesbian couples

A)have less satisfying relationships than married heterosexuals.
B)assign traditional roles of "wife" to one partner and the role of "husband" to the other.
C)tend to have more egalitarian relationships than married heterosexuals.
D)follow a very different pattern of stages of relationship development than heterosexual couples.

Question 78

Research on lesbian mothers has shown that,when compared to heterosexual parents,they are

A)less likely to use physical punishment.
B)more likely to engage in imaginative play.
C)less likely to raise well-adjusted children.
D)more likely to raise gay or bisexual children.

Question 79

In the United States,the most common form of mistreatment involves

A)physical abuse.
B)sexual abuse.
C)psychological abuse.
D)neglect.

Question 80

Which statement about the impact of divorce on child development is true?

A)In response to divorce,most custodial mothers become more sensitive and responsive to their children's needs.
B)Children who display negative behaviors as the result of the divorce tend to exhibit such behaviors only in the home and show few negative effects in the school setting.
C)Adolescents whose parents divorce are less likely to perceive relationships with their noncustodial fathers as close and caring.
D)Adults from divorced families are less likely than those from intact families to divorce.