Deck 16: Developmental Psychopathology

Question 1

A group of 10 children with autism spectrum disorder are touring a new treatment center with their parents.How many of these children are securely attached with their parents?

A)0
B)2
C)4
D)6

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Suppose two people experience the same stressful events,and as a result of the experience,one person develops an affective disorder while the second person shows no ill effects.The diathesis-stress model would most likely explain this by saying that the

A)person who developed the disorder was older than the other person.
B)disordered person must be female and the other person must be male.
C)two people had different predispositions for the disorder.
D)person who developed the disorder was at risk for comorbidity.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Augie has been correctly diagnosed with autism.As such,you should expect that Augie will be most likely to

A)be an empathetic individual.
B)be adept at reading others' emotions.
C)insist on eye contact with peers.
D)find social contact to be difficult.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Diathesis is to stress as

A)gene is to the environment.
B)externalized is to internalized.
C)cultural is to individual.
D)cause is to effect.

Question 5

All of the following are criteria that have been used for identifying psychologically abnormal behavior EXCEPT that

A)behavior must be statistically outside of the normal range.
B)behavior must be present prior to young adulthood.
C)behavior must interfere with personal and social adaptation.
D)behavior must cause personal distress.

Question 6

How are cultural considerations handled in the DSM-5 section on depression?

A)It has separate diagnostic criteria to be used in each of the industrialized nations.
B)It indicates that individuals from certain cultures report somatic ailments more than psychological ailments.
C)It notes that in many cultures the preferred treatment of depression is "spiritual cleansing."
D)It emphasizes that cultural and developmental variations are irrelevant to diagnosis and treatment.

Question 7

When describing his problem,John says,"I know that my fear of spiders is not that unusual and that I still have my job as an exterminator,but this fear is mentally killing me!" John's comments illustrate the criteria of _____ in defining abnormal behavior.

A)maladaptiveness
B)personal distress
C)statistical deviance
D)joint attention

Question 8

The fact that depressed children in Thailand are less likely to engage in "acting out" behavior due to a cultural emphasis on internalizing problems illustrates the concept of _____ norms.

A)test
B)social
C)gender
D)age

Question 9

According to the developmental pathways model,

A)psychological disorders are best characterized as diseases.
B)once a person's behavior deviates from the normal path,it will not return to normal.
C)normal genes and normal environments tend to push development along a normal course.
D)with age,individuals whose early development is maladaptive will almost always show deviation back to the norm.

Question 10

Because individuals with autism spectrum disorder vary greatly in the degree and nature of their deficits,some researchers have proposed that ASD

A)represents several different disorders.
B)is culturally determined.
C)is caused by teratogen exposure.
D)cannot be appropriately researched.

Question 11

The question,"Is it appropriate for a toddler to suck his thumb,but inappropriate for a woman to engage in the same behavior?" underlies the issue of

A)gender roles.
B)comorbidity.
C)generativity.
D)age norms.

Question 12

Why is autism referred to as a "spectrum" of disorders?

A)It can occur at any time of the lifespan.
B)It includes a wide variety of conditions.
C)It impacts speech,behavior,and social skills.
D)It is related to other anxiety and mood disorders.

Question 13

According to the diathesis-stress model,who would be the most likely to show the most extreme levels of a psychological disorder?
Farzad,who is highly vulnerable and in an extremely stressful environment

A)Bert,who is highly resilient and in an extremely stressful environment
B)Lorena,who is highly resilient and in a very low-stress environment
C)Farzad,who is highly vulnerable and in an extremely stressful environment
D)Gretchen,who is highly vulnerable and in a very low-stress environment

Question 14

To be accurately diagnosed with major depressive disorder,you would have to display at least five symptoms from a nine-symptom list.That nine-item list includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)significant weight loss or weight gain.
B)insomnia or too much sleeping.
C)feelings of worthlessness or extreme guilt.
D)auditory or visual hallucinations.

Question 15

If research indicated that having a faulty ABOC2 gene made an individual at risk for developing schizophrenia,then for this disorder the damaged gene would be a

A)somatic symptom.
B)recessive trait.
C)diathesis.
D)comorbid factor.

Question 16

_____ is not a defining feature of autism.

A)Abnormal social development
B)Impaired language and communication
C)Repetitive,stereotyped behavior
D)Moderate to severe intellectual disability

Question 17

Which statement best describes an element of the developmental pathways model?

A)Different developmental pathways can lead to the same outcome.
B)Change is only possible during one specific point of development.
C)A particular pathway can lead only in one direction.
D)The line between normal and abnormal behavior is clear and absolute.

Question 18

As a proponent of the diathesis-stress theory,Dr.Leung would predict that if stress is the sole contributor to depression,then in a group of 100 individuals all carrying the same "at-risk gene" for depression who live in a stress-free world,_____ individuals would develop depression.

A)no
B)25
C)50
D)100

Question 19

As developmental psychologists,Sroufe and Rutter (2000)argue that psychological disorders are best

A)described in terms of a disease.
B)viewed as adaptation that occurs over time.
C)thought to be defects lying within the person.
D)attributed to individual predispositions.

Question 20

In the diathesis-stress model,the term diathesis refers to a(n)

A)predisposition toward vulnerability.
B)state of calm.
C)environmental event.
D)social norm.

Question 21

Which of the following best describes an internalizing problem?

A)More disruptive to self than others
B)Almost always illegal
C)Difficult to control one's actions
D)Violation of social expectations

Question 22

Internalizing is to externalizing as

A)being inhibited is to acting out.
B)aggression is to depression.
C)undercontrolled is to overcontrolled.
D)hyperactive is to inactive.

Question 23

Depressed preschool-aged children

A)display the same behavioral and cognitive symptoms as do depressed adults.
B)are most often extremely aggressive.
C)usually mask their depression such that it is nearly impossible to detect that they are feeling sad.
D)are less likely than adults to display cognitive symptoms of depression such as hopelessness.

Question 24

As a cognitive behavioral therapist,Dr.Mansour's main goal in treating a child with depression would be to

A)explore all repressed memories.
B)model appropriate social skills.
C)change the child's distorted thinking.
D)teach parents to punish sadness and reward happiness.

Question 25

Who is displaying an externalizing problem?

A)Damon,who is worrying about his psychology exam
B)Shaolin,who is sulking in her backyard
C)Trent,who hits other children on the playground
D)Maggie,who is extremely shy around adults

Question 26

Which is true with regard to psychological "health" during adolescence?

A)Most adolescents suffer at some point from some sort of significant psychological disturbance.
B)Few adolescents who are psychologically disturbed were maladjusted before they reached puberty.
C)Adolescence is a time of heightened vulnerability for some forms of psychological disorders.
D)Adolescents are far more likely than adults to experience some sort of psychological disturbance.

Question 27

What behavior would an infant display that would lead a competent doctor to accurately suspect the child has an autism spectrum disorder?

A)Failure to respond to human voices
B)Excessive levels of joint attention
C)Preferring human over nonhuman stimuli
D)Demonstrating highly advanced cognitive function

Question 28

Children who function well despite exposure to risk factors for disorder or overcoming even severe early problems to become well adjusted are said to be

A)compliant.
B)resilient.
C)indifferent.
D)externalizers.

Question 29

Depression-like symptoms are most likely to be seen in infants who

A)show no somatic reactions.
B)have experienced perinatal complications.
C)are intellectually disabled.
D)lack a secure attachment relationship.

Question 30

Lovaas conducted pioneering research on children with autism in which he was able to use _____ to significantly improve their language and social skills.

A)psychoactive medications
B)psychoanalysis
C)reinforcement principles
D)mirror therapy

Question 31

Which of the following is true of depression in infants?

A)Infants are capable of the negative cognitions associated with depression.
B)Infants who display disorganized attachment are at risk for depression.
C)DSM-5 allows the diagnosis of depression in infants.
D)The "evidence" of depression in infants is a function of anxious parents.

Question 32

What is most influential in determining whether a childhood disorder will persist into adulthood?

A)The child's sex
B)The severity of the disorder
C)The child's temperament 
D)The extent of internalization

Question 33

The fact that children with behavioral disorders are unlikely to exhibit these disorders as adults best illustrates the concept of developmental

A)continuity.
B)discontinuity.
C)comorbidity.
D)rigidity.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of an internalizing disorder?

A)Constantly interrupting the activities of others
B)Constantly worrying about whether you are performing adequately
C)Loudly refusing to follow the rules established for the classroom
D)Hitting other children

Question 35

Conrad's psychologist has told him that he is both depressed and has an anxiety disorder.This indicates that Conrad would accurately be described as

A)being highly externalizing.
B)having ADHD.
C)demonstrating comorbidity.
D)showing somatic symptoms.

Question 36

Children who have a depressive disorder

A)differ from adolescents and adults with depression,because children never attempt suicide.
B)are easy to identify because they frequently talk about their negative feelings.
C)often have problems with depression as adolescents and adults.
D)seldom respond well to any form of psychotherapy.

Question 37

The fact that children with anxiety problems are likely to exhibit similar disorders as adults best illustrates the concept of developmental

A)continuity.
B)discontinuity.
C)comorbidity.
D)rigidity.

Question 38

Which statement concerning the incidence of autism is true?

A)The rates of autism have declined in recent years.
B)Autism affects about 1 out of every 10 children.
C)The incidence of autism is higher in males.
D)Most individuals with autism are highly intelligent.

Question 39

Which statement concerning the long-term prognosis for autistic children is true?

A)Most can be improved significantly through drug treatment.
B)Most autistics achieve a normal level of functioning when they reach adulthood.
C)Highly structured behavioral and educational programs can improve functioning of autistic children.
D)Behavior modification programs have been shown to eliminate autism when applied early.

Question 40

Which statement concerning the intellectual abilities of individuals with ASDs is most accurate?

A)Most individuals with ASDs are mildly to severely intellectually disabled.
B)Individuals with ASDs tend to score lower on nonverbal than verbal measures of intelligence.
C)Half or more of children with ASDs have intellectual disabilities.
D)The description of some individuals with autism as "savants" is a myth.

Question 41

What would qualify 17-year-old Daniel as engaging in binge drinking?

A)Consuming at least three different types of alcohol in one sitting
B)Consuming alcohol for five days in a row
C)Consuming alcohol with at least three peers present
D)Consuming more than five drinks in a row in a single drinking session

Question 42

In the United States,suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in adolescence.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 43

Which is not one of the four key risk factors in teenage suicide?

A)Family pathology
B)Access to firearms
C)Stressful life events
D)Late maturation

Question 44

Who is most likely to be diagnosed with depression?

A)Mark,a 25-year-old male
B)Rochelle,a 30-year-old female
C)Viktor,a 75-year-old male
D)Ethel,a 90-year-old female

Question 45

Denise is about average in height and weight,and is often dieting.From time to time,however,she sits down and eats huge quantities of food all at once,after which,she makes herself vomit.Denise suffers from
Turner syndrome.

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)Asperger syndrome.

Question 46

Substance use disorders are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT___________.

A)experiencing withdrawal when not using the substance
B)using any illegal substance
C)continuing the use of the substance despite adverse consequences
D)developing tolerance

Question 47

According to statistics,who is most likely to commit suicide?

A)George,an 18-year-old black male
B)Leonard,a 65-year-old white male
C)Paul,a 42-year-old white male
D)Jackson,a 29-year-old black male

Question 48

The biggest complaint against the cascade model of substance abuse is that it

A)has limited focus on environmental influences.
B)explains abuse in adults but not in teens.
C)needs to place greater emphasis diatheses.
D)does not consider contextual factors.

Question 49

Why does adolescence appear to be a prime time for the development of eating disorders in females?

A)It is the first time that girls receive media images promoting thinness.
B)The formal operational stage of thinking is required to develop the obsessive behaviors.
C)The gene that controls eating does not "turn-on" until adolescence.
D)The normal weight gain in puberty is viewed as problematic.

Question 50

A group of 100 students at a women's college have gathered to mark the start of their senior year.How many of these students have experienced at least one eating disorder?

A)5
B)9
C)12
D)18

Question 51

Which statement concerning depression in adulthood is true?

A)Treatments for depression in adulthood are highly ineffective.
B)Older adults are highly likely to be overdiagnosed with depression.
C)Depression symptoms in older adulthood require sophisticated DSM diagnostic criteria. 
D)A major challenge in treating older individuals with depression is getting them to seek treatment.

Question 52

Who provides the best example of ruminative coping?

A)Pam,who just cannot stop thinking about how depressed she feels
B)Javier,who has become addicted to the antidepressants he is taking
C)Aaliyah,who is relying on coworkers' advice to address anger issues
D)Tuan,who refuses to acknowledge the fact that he has ADHD

Question 53

Which of the following is true with regard to adolescent suicide?

A)More males than females attempt and are successful at committing suicide.
B)More females than males attempt and are successful at committing suicide.
C)More males attempt suicide,but more females are successful at committing suicide.
D)More females attempt suicide,but more males are successful at committing suicide.

Question 54

The final step in the cascade model of substance abuse involves

A)having a parent who abuses drugs.
B)being in a peer group that reinforces drug use.
C)peer rejection at school.
D)frustrated parents giving up on a deviant child.

Question 55

Raulena is a strong supporter of the Maudsley approach to treating anorexia nervosa,so she would be most likely to suggest that the parents

A)need to accept blame for the problem before therapy can be effective.
B)stay out of the way and let the psychotherapists do their job unimpeded.
C)must be a critical part of their child's treatment team.
D)should go on diets in support of their child.

Question 56

Unproductively dwelling on one's problems is referred to as

A)role reversal.
B)echolalia.
C)ruminative coping.
D)comorbidity.

Question 57

Which is the best example of a diathesis for anorexia nervosa?

A)The media's portrayal of women
B)A gene that controls appetite
C)Peer pressure to be thin
D)Parental statements like,"Boys don't date fat girls"

Question 58

The initial step in the cascade model of substance abuse involves

A)exposure to harsh parenting.
B)development of conduct problems.
C)having a difficult temperament.
D)living in a low SES household.

Question 59

Which statement concerning adolescence is true?

A)Most adolescents cope remarkably well with the challenges of this period of life.
B)Most adolescents experience serious psychopathology during this period of life.
C)Few adolescents engage in delinquent or risky behavior during this period of life.
D)Adolescents have little difficulty with self-regulatory behaviors.

Question 60

A key reason for the difficulty in treating people with anorexia nervosa is problems in properly diagnosing the disorder.

A)patients' strong resistance to admitting they have a problem.
B)families who are resistant to changing the behavior of their children.
C)problems in properly diagnosing the disorder.
D)a common metabolic reaction in which the body craves excessive calories.

Question 61

Delirium is best defined as

A)another term for dementia.
B)incurable.
C)a reversible state of confusion and disorientation.
D)a normal part of the aging process.

Question 62

The extra "brain power" that individuals can sometimes rely on when disease begins to take a toll on their brain functioning is referred to as

A)cognitive reserve.
B)mirroring neurons.
C)ruminative coping.
D)reversed roles.

Question 63

Dementia is best defined as

A)a sudden loss of memory and intelligence.
B)an inevitable,normal change in the brain with age.
C)a progressive loss of neural functioning.
D)a one-time period of significant disorientation.

Question 64

Vascular dementia

A)cannot occur in combination with Alzheimer's disease.
B)results from a series of small strokes.
C)has a very powerful genetic basis.
D)results from incorrectly prescribed medications.

Question 65

Jonathan was treated for ADHD throughout his childhood,but he managed to finish school.Recently,however,he lost his job at a downtown office.What was the likely cause?

A)disruptiveness
B)sexual harassment
C)recklessness
D)procrastination

Question 66

The first signs of Alzheimer's disease typically includes

A)getting lost in familiar surroundings.
B)a loss of language skills.
C)personality changes.
D)forgetting self-care such as eating.

Question 67

Carol and Zack have a son,Ian.Tenisha and Bill have a son,Martin.As a child,Zack had ADHD.What is the relative risk of developing ADHD for Ian and Martin?

A)Martin has one-half the risk that Ian has.
B)Ian and Martin have roughly the same risk.
C)Ian has a five times higher risk than Martin.
D)Ian's risk is three times higher than Martin's.

Question 68

Which of the following is a key neural factor in ADHD?

A)synaptic pruning
B)impulse control
C)sensory adaptation
D)serotonin uptake

Question 69

Dr.Quincy is about to conduct an autopsy on an individual he suspects has died due to complications of Alzheimer's disease.Which findings would verify his suspicion?

A)Neurofibrillary tangles
B)Occipital lobe degeneration
C)Excess myelin
D)Advanced pruning

Question 70

Which of the following infants faces the lowest risk of depression?

A)Sammy,who has resistant attachment
B)Trina,whose mother is short-tempered
C)Akbar,whose mother is an opioid addict
D)Estella,whose father died in an accident

Question 71

First grader Jenna has been diagnosed with autism.Which of the following may have occurred in Jenna's brain during her first months of life?

A)tangling of synaptic stems
B)heavy pruning of neurons
C)overgrowth of neurons
D)thickening of myelin

Question 72

Kendrick is thrilled to be giving a speech to open the sixth grade field day.He talks on and on and seems to be unaware that the children are fidgeting and not paying attention because they want to start the festivities.What likely is causing Kendrick's behavior?

A)conduct disorder
B)Asperger's syndrome
C)autism
D)ADHD

Question 73

Third grader Rajon has been diagnosed with ADHD.Which of the following is he most likely to display?

A)impatience
B)interrupting
C)disorganization
D)fidgeting

Question 74

One of the reasons for the increase in rates of autism is ________.

A)maternal teratogens
B)enhanced awareness
C)combination vaccines
D)electronic fields

Question 75

According to the diathesis-stress model,which of the following aspects of stress plays a key role in development of depression?

A)norms for exposure
B)source of exposure
C)frequency of exposure
D)capital improvements.

Question 76

A key difference between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia is that vascular dementia is more strongly

A)influenced by genetic factors.
B)influenced by lifestyle choices.
C)associated with dementia.
D)associated with delirium.

Question 77

Which of the following is the most likely to be a reversible condition?

A)Dementia
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)Delirium
D)Vascular dementia

Question 78

Which of the following will likely experience more internalizing problems?

A)Malik,a 7-year-old boy
B)Nina,a 9-year-old girl
C)Avi,a 14-year-old boy
D)Tracey,a 16-year-old girl

Question 79

Which of the following is critical to achieving optimal treatment outcomes for someone with autism spectrum disorder?

A)peer socialization
B)limited medication
C)early intervention
D)brain scanning

Question 80

What brain change is best associated with Alzheimer's disease?

A)Senile plaque
B)Excessive serotonin production
C)Expanded synaptic gaps
D)Reduced levels of dopamine