Deck 5: Education, Science, and Technology

Question 1

The situation in which workers feel the effects of automation and view themselves as mere cogs in the bureaucratic machinery is known as ________.

A)alienation
B)gentrification
C)loss of privacy
D)loss of control

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How did the United States narrow the cultural lag between technology and social policy?

A)by ensuring that education is made available for all classes of society
B)by encouraging competition for societal resources among various groups
C)by establishing workers' compensation and employer liability
D)by establishing strict dress codes with punishments for violation

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Seven workers were killed and 30 others were severely injured in an accident at Dazzle Corp. ,a soft drink manufacturing company.The company uses advanced machinery for various processes that can prove to be risky for workers who operate them.Since there was nothing mentioned in the employee contract about employer liability in case of on-the-job accidents,the company refused to compensate the victims.However,the company eventually formulated a policy for compensating the victims of on-the-job accidents.This gap between installing advanced machinery and formulating a compensation policy at Dazzle Corp.is an example of ________.

A)cultural lag
B)social stratification
C)political discrepancy
D)alienation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Bruce,aged15,is an orphan living with his guardian,Fred.He lost his parents in a tragic accident.His parents have ensured that he gets the best education by creating a large trust fund to cater to his educational expenses.On turning 18,Bruce will inherit total control of Diamond Constructions Inc. ,America's largest engineering and construction company,founded by his great grandfather.The passing of the control of Diamond Constructions Inc.to Bruce,and the access to quality education thus perpetuating the existing stratification system illustrates the concept of ________.

A)tracking
B)social reproduction
C)modernization
D)cultural lag

Question 5

Which of the following is true of home schooling??a.Students of home schooling do not get an opportunity to participate in school events such as athletics and other programs.
B)It permits students to attend any school they wish,whether in their district or elsewhere in the state,and many states now allow this.
C)Proponents of home schooling argue that this system offers students more choices,and the competition among schools will enhance the quality of education.
D)It has developed because of parents' motivations to provide moral,ethical,or religious training that they see as lacking in the public schools.

Question 6

________ refers to the use of machines,such as computers,to control other machines,to make decisions,and to monitor the production process.

A)Gentrification
B)Cybernation
C)Modernization
D)Alienation

Question 7

According to the interactionist perspective,which of the following is true of labeling?

A)Students from lower-class backgrounds are labeled to be deviant or dull to benefit students from affluent families.
B)Students who are labeled deviant receive more encouragement and assistance from teachers than bright students.
C)Students' grades and teachers' written reports become a publicly stamped label that follows them throughout their lives.
D)Students who have been labeled dull strive to not conform to the expectations of the labels attached to them.

Question 8

Saul,a genetic engineer,takes a portion of DNA from a bacterial family and combines it with the DNA of a virus to observe the characteristic of the bacteria in the virus.Which of the following genetic engineering processes is seen in the given scenario?

A)gene splicing
B)mechanization
C)cybernation
D)gene culturing

Question 9

The ________ perspective states that schools become a social problem when important groups feel that they are not getting what they deserve from the institutions of learning.

A)behavioral
B)interactionist
C)functionalist
D)conflict

Question 10

________ is the problem resulting from the use of global positioning systems (GPS)by car rental companies to obtain a minute-by-minute record of where their vehicles are.

A)Alienation
B)Gentrification
C)Loss of privacy
D)Loss of control

Question 11

The ability of human beings to use symbols and thus to attach social meanings to words,objects,events,or people forms an important element of the ________ perspective.

A)interactionist
B)functionalist
C)conflict
D)behavioral

Question 12

Thomas,an educationist,feels that tracking or formalized ability grouping of students in the U.S.is not a completely fair process.Which of the following is a reason for Thomas to have such an opinion?

A)Tracking decisions are made,at least in part,on the basis of stereotypes about social class and race.
B)Students from affluent families are more likely to be placed in lower tracks than lower-class students.
C)Decisions about tracking are based on the student's performance in class or on standardized tests.
D)Tracking has resulted in an unacceptably large high school dropout rate in the United States.

Question 13

Mike,the CEO of Top Inc. ,a car manufacturing company,proposes that the company should upgrade its production facility by using computers and other machines to control and monitor the production activities and to make decisions.Which of the following technological changes is Mike proposing in the given scenario?

A)gentrification
B)alienation
C)modernization
D)cybernation

Question 14

Sarah,a student belonging to a minority community,is not in favor of the school integration policies formulated by the U.S.government.She is most likely to believe that ________.

A)minorities will be placed in curriculum tracks heavily populated by whites
B)the quality of education in majority white schools is not up to the expectations of the minorities
C)crime and violence are more serious problems in majority white schools than in schools heavily populated by minorities
D)a majority of the white schools are not necessarily the best environment for minority students

Question 15

________ refers to the use of organisms or parts of organisms to make products or carry out tasks.

A)Social reproduction
B)Biotechnology
C)Gentrification
D)Mechanization

Question 16

According to the functionalist perspective,which of the following is true of schools?

A)Schools perform a number of important functions in preparing people to fit into society and make productive contributions.
B)Schools become a social problem when important groups feel that they are not getting what they deserve from the institutions of learning.
C)Schools are more accessible to powerful and affluent families than families from lower-class backgrounds,and social arrangements most typically reflect what benefits the powerful.
D)Schools lower students' self-esteem and make educational success more difficult to achieve.

Question 17

The ________ released a report indicating that schools in the U.S.are failing to prepare students adequately for work-related positions in an increasingly technological society.

A)Civil Rights Project
B)Educational Testing Service
C)Coleman Commission
D)National Center for Education Statistics

Question 18

________ refers to the economic,social,and cultural changes that occur when a preindustrial society makes the transition to an advanced industrial society.

A)Mechanization
B)Cybernation
C)Gentrification
D)Modernization

Question 19

________ refers to clustering people together into classes within classes that contain students of comparable abilities or students with similar educational goals.

A)Social reproduction
B)Tracking
C)Alienation
D)Gentrification

Question 20

Which of the following is true of genetic engineering?

A)Unlike many other forms of environmental pollution,biological pollutants produced from genetic engineering do not reproduce themselves.
B)It manipulates the genes of organisms to alter their characteristics in ways that would have occurred naturally at a later stage.
C)It opens the door for eliminating characteristics deemed socially undesirable by those in positions of power.
D)Unlike many other forms of environmental pollution,biological pollutants produced from genetic engineering are much easier to remove from the ecosystem.

Question 21

________ refers to a technology that is limited in size,decentralized,and responsive to human values and needs.

A)Indigenous technology
B)Appropriate technology
C)Capital-intensive technology
D)Autonomous technology

Question 22

Explain how school systems vary in the United States and other countries in terms of the centrality of the planning and decision making.

Question 23

What is gene splicing? What are its uses?

Question 24

According to the interactionist perspective,what are the consequences of labeling?

Question 25

What is technology? What are the two types of technologies?

Question 26

Which of the following is an advantage of a decentralized educational system?

A)It provides parents with more control over the schools their children attend.
B)It has fewer disparities in the resources available to students.
C)It has independent educational boards to make decisions.
D)It generally spends the same amount of money on students,no matter where their school is.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of large-scale technology?

A)It is often the discovery ground for developing new alternative technologies.
B)It is appropriate to what people can comprehend and relate to.
C)It is less injurious and causes minimal damage to people.
D)It does not alienate people and returns the control of technology to the hands of individuals.

Question 28

What are the differences between charter schools and public schools?

Question 29

Explain briefly the concept of appropriate technology.

Question 30

Why have some schools in the United States discarded the concept of formalized ability grouping?

Question 31

Which of the following is true of the school choice reform?

A)Schools should not compete for students in the same way that other businesses compete for customers.
B)Schools will be motivated to provide the best educational programs if they were to attract students by convincing them and their parents about the quality of their education.
C)Schools would operate with a charter directly from the state instead of being under local school district control with less freedom in making budgeting,hiring,and curriculum decisions.
D)Schools should not mandate students to take up academically demanding courses.

Question 32

Define tracking.How is it done?

Question 33

Schools following the back to basics approach to education are most likely to ________.

A)reduce the amount of face-to-face interactions between students and teachers
B)let students decide if they want to take up academically demanding courses
C)reduce the number of elective courses and have more required courses
D)eliminate standardized examinations

Question 34

What is the viewpoint of conflict theorists about the race for higher educational credentials?

Question 35

Which of the following is true of charter schools?

A)They are schools that operate autonomously with a charter directly from the local school district.
B)They have been established with the aim of reinforcing the traditional core curriculum and strong discipline.
C)They divide students into academic and vocational tracks at an early age,and by high school,as many as half the students may be in vocational apprenticeship programs.
D)They receive state funding but are free from many school district and state rules and have more freedom than mainstream schools in budgeting,hiring,and curriculum decisions.

Question 36

Why is appropriate technology considered a solution to problems associated with modern technology?

A)It makes possible an enormous increase in human productivity and a highly specialized division of labor.
B)It does not alienate people and returns the control of technology to the hands of individuals.
C)It opens the door to eliminating characteristics deemed socially undesirable by those in positions of power.
D)It completely eliminates large-scale technology.

Question 37

What is biotechnology? What is its basic principle?

Question 38

How are public schools and charter schools different from each other?

A)Public schools tend to rely on a much younger,less-experienced faculty that is considerably less likely to have a teaching credential and is less well paid than faculty in charter schools.
B)Charter schools tend to be highly racially segregated,much more so than public schools.
C)Public schools operate autonomously with an authorization directly from the state,while charter schools operate under local school district control.
D)Public schools receive state funding,while charter schools do not.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of the back to basics approach to schooling?

A)It does not mandate students to take up academically demanding coursework.
B)It increases the number of elective courses available to students.
C)It emphasizes the traditional core curriculum and a return to strong discipline.
D)It reduces the amount of face-to-face classroom contact between students and teachers.

Question 40

________ refers to research that studies the impact of technology on our physical,social,and ethical environments and seeks solutions to social problems that arise from technological development.

A)Technology assessment
B)Appropriate technology
C)Mechanization
D)Cybernation