Deck 7: Race and Ethnic Relations

Question 1

A difference between institutionalized discrimination and internal colonialism is that institutionalized discrimination ________.

A)involves direct exploitation of minority groups by some dominant groups
B)occurs because of the minimum entrance requirements that bar minorities from jobs
C)is a psychological factor causing prejudice and discrimination
D)results from the competition between two groups for the same work at different wages

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a consequence of discrimination?

A)It leads to the abolishment of the social stratification system.
B)It reduces competition between the majority and minority groups for resources.
C)It creates a poorer sense of self-worth in minority youth than nonminority youth.
D)It reduces the chances for minority groups to assimilate into the mainstream.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

________ are rigid and oversimplified images in which each element or person in a category is assumed to possess all the characteristics associated with that category.

A)Analogies
B)Prejudices
C)Stereotypes
D)Anomies

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A similarity between prejudice and discrimination is that both ________.

A)arise due to racial differences
B)are based on irrational attitudes toward certain groups
C)affect the majority community in a society
D)result in the establishment of a pluralist society

Question 5

A prejudice refers to ________.

A)the inequitable treatment of a group resulting from practices or policies that are incorporated into social,political,or economic institutions and that operate independently from the prejudices of individuals
B)the process by which a racial or ethnic minority loses its distinctive identity and way of life and becomes absorbed into the dominant group
C)an irrational attitude toward certain people based solely on their membership in a particular group
D)the view that certain racial or ethnic groups are biologically inferior

Question 6

Jeremy,a sociologist,claims that the social and economic position of African Americans in the United States has not improved despite various policies and reforms.Which of the following is an accurate statement that supports Jeremy's claim?

A)The increase in the number of African Americans enrolled in colleges continues to be lower than that of white Americans.
B)The number of blacks holding elected political office has reduced substantially.
C)The number of African Americans in professional occupations has decreased at a much faster rate compared to the number from other minority groups.
D)The ratio of black-to-white income has remained unchanged over the past few decades.

Question 7

People living in a small neighborhood in the state of Torelo have negative opinions about a certain minority group in the neighborhood and do not socialize with them.They try to segregate the residential complexes of the minority group and protest against the admission of their children to private schools in the neighborhood.People of the neighborhood are ________.

A)prejudiced nondiscriminators
B)unprejudiced nondiscriminators
C)unprejudiced discriminators
D)prejudiced discriminators

Question 8

According to the conflict perspective,prejudice and discrimination arise when ________.

A)groups find themselves in competition with each other
B)people live in a pluralist society
C)people have very low levels of ethnocentrism
D)there is equitable sharing of resources and power

Question 9

Kiara is a member of an interest group that provides education to poor and underprivileged children.The group consists of members of various communities and races.Kiara likes to work with her group,and it gives her a sense of belonging.She also identifies herself with the group,and it increases her sense of self-worth.This group is an example of a(n)________.

A)ethnic group
B)minority group
C)in-group
D)racial group

Question 10

The Indian Citizenship Act resulted in ________.

A)American Indians being guaranteed basic human rights
B)American Indians being conferred United States citizenship and their relocation to the southwest
C)Indian laborers being prohibited from entering America
D)United States citizenship being granted to all American Indians

Question 11

Which of the following best defines racism?

A)It is the process by which a racial or ethnic minority loses its distinctive identity and way of life and becomes absorbed into the dominant group.
B)It is the view that certain racial or ethnic groups are biologically inferior and that practices involving their domination and exploitation are therefore justified.
C)It is the tendency to view one's own group or culture as an in-group that follows the best and the only proper way to live.
D)It is characterized by a rigid adherence to conventional lifestyles and values and admiration of power and toughness in interpersonal relationships.

Question 12

A(n)________ is one in which there are two groups of workers willing to do the same work,but for different wages.

A)military-industrial complex
B)interest group
C)economic bubble
D)split labor market

Question 13

In the context of the discrimination against African Americans in schools,what was the Supreme Court's ruling in the Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas decision?

A)It ruled that separate but equal doctrine was unconstitutional.
B)It ruled that split labor markets were illegal,and people involved in this type of trade would be punished.
C)It ruled that minority groups should assimilate into the mainstream.
D)It ruled that all forms of institutionalized discrimination should be nullified.

Question 14

The term ________ has been coined to describe a sentimental and ideological identification and loyalty that transcend individual Hispanic ethnic groups in the United States.

A)Latinismo
B)Signum
C)coolies
D)gringo

Question 15

________ refers to the inequitable treatment of a group resulting from practices or policies that are incorporated into social,political,or economic organizations and that operate independently from the prejudices of individuals.

A)Ethnocentrism
B)Pluralism
C)Internal colonialism
D)Institutionalized discrimination

Question 16

Marcus belongs to a minority group in the United States.His community values its cultural heritage and continues to practice its beliefs without assimilating into the mainstream.Marcus believes that due to its rich heritage,his community is superior to all racial groups,and its way of life is the best and the only way to live.Marcus's attitude toward his group is known as ________.

A)pluralism
B)ethnocentrism
C)recidivism
D)prejudice

Question 17

The most desirable combination of prejudice and discrimination,from the point of view of political and social values in the United States,is the ________.

A)prejudiced discriminator
B)unprejudiced nondiscriminator
C)prejudiced nondiscriminator
D)unprejudiced discriminator

Question 18

The________ personality is characterized by a rigid adherence to conventional lifestyles and values,admiration of power and toughness in interpersonal relationships,submission to authority,cynicism,an emphasis on obedience,and a fear of things that are different.

A)introverted
B)authoritarian
C)narcissistic
D)ethnocentric

Question 19

According to functionalists,ethnocentrism is functional because it ________.

A)teaches various groups to live in harmony with each other
B)produces loyalty,cohesiveness,and strong group ties
C)supports and helps to establish pluralism
D)helps to reduce intolerance toward other communities

Question 20

________ is a type of exploitation in which a subordinate group provides cheap labor that benefits the dominant group and is then further exploited by having to purchase expensive goods and services from the dominant group.

A)Internal colonialism
B)Institutionalized discrimination
C)Structural unemployment
D)Relative deprivation

Question 21

Which policy of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)has made it difficult for American Indians to improve their economic position?

Question 22

Based on the study of sociologists Joe Feagin and Melvin Sykes,why are whites less likely to hire African Americans?

Question 23

What was the rationale behind affirmative action,and how did it impact schools and employers?

Question 24

Why do most sociologists believe that social factors play a more important role in the perpetuation of prejudice and discrimination than psychological sources?

Question 25

Why is a spilt labor market considered to be a key factor in much racial,ethnic,and sexual antagonism?

Question 26

Which of the following views on the media is expressed by the interactionist perspective?

A)The media help to shape people's perceptions and expectations regarding particular groups.
B)The media is a contested territory that groups attempt to influence and control as a part of the struggle over resources in society.
C)The media are controlled mostly by the dominant racial and ethnic groups in any society.
D)The media are a biased source of information as their portrayals depend largely on stereotypes.

Question 27

Which of the following is the outcome of situations where affirmative action policies have been eliminated?

A)The rate of assimilation of minorities has increased.
B)The number of children belonging to minorities that are admitted to schools has declined.
C)More educational and job opportunities have become available to minorities.
D)Competition between various racial groups and whites has decreased.

Question 28

A similarity between assimilation and pluralism is that both ________.

A)describe the negative effects of ethnocentrism in a group
B)describe how racial or ethnic groups relate to the mainstream culture of a country
C)explain the emergence and power of white Anglo-Saxon Protestants
D)explain how minorities lose their cultural identity and get absorbed into the mainstream

Question 29

How does socialization contribute to the legitimization of prejudice and discrimination?

Question 30

Complete abolition of discrimination based on race and ethnicity in jobs has not been possible because ________.

A)it is difficult to prove that a person was denied a job based on racial grounds rather than educational qualifications
B)laws that prevent discrimination based on race and ethnicity have not been implemented in all states in the United States
C)people prefer the existence of this discrimination so that a sense of competition prevails
D)people do not have a clear understanding of racial discrimination and its various forms

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true about American Indians living in reservations?

A)They are somewhat better off than their nonreservation counterparts.
B)They suffer high levels of unemployment and low levels of income.
C)They are yet to venture into businesses and find a stable source of income.
D)They are more likely to graduate from high school than people of other ethnic groups.

Question 32

Why is there a controversy over the use of the term race as a biological concept to identify a population that differs from others in terms of certain key genetic,hereditary traits?

Question 33

Which of the following situations led to the implementation of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

A)the ability of Chinese laborers to demand and work for higher wages than other laborers
B)the increasing supremacy of Chinese immigrants in the United States
C)the increasing fear that Chinese would deprive whites of jobs in mining and railroading
D)the strained relationship between the Chinese and American governments due to trade issues

Question 34

Explain the racist attitudes of the United States toward Chinese immigrants between 1882 and World War II.

Question 35

According to sociologist William J.Wilson,which of the following factors contributes to the continued lower socioeconomic positions of African Americans?

A)the increasing crime rates among blacks and other racial minorities
B)the continued dislike of white business owners toward black employees
C)the relocation of industries away from where many minorities live
D)the reducing population of African Americans

Question 36

Minority groups in the country of Ozwa are always discriminated against and treated with hostility.In order for them to be treated equally in society,they are forced to learn the practices of the major community of Ozwa and adapt to the mainstream.By doing so,they stand to lose their cultural identity and are absorbed into the mainstream.This process of getting absorbed into the dominant group is known as ________.

A)pluralism
B)recidivism
C)ethnocentrism
D)assimilation

Question 37

A pattern of intergroup relations that exists when a number of racial and ethnic groups live side by side,each retaining a distinct identity and lifestyle while still participating in some aspects of the larger culture is known as ________.

A)assimilation
B)pluralism
C)ethnocentrism
D)recidivism

Question 38

What was the attitude of the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs)toward racial or ethnic diversity,and how did they treat people of other races?

Question 39

Which of the following events marked a major positive shift in the attitude of Americans toward Chinese immigrants?

A)the beginning of the civil rights movement
B)the increase in competition in the split labor market
C)the increase in the number of Chinese immigrants
D)the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan

Question 40

Based on its 2003 ruling on the constitutionality of affirmative action,why did the Supreme Court disapprove of strict racial quotas in educational institutions and jobs?