Deck 8: Gender,Sexual Orientation, and Social Inequality

Question 1

Studies of the pictorial content of texts for college-level psychology and sociology courses have shown that ________.

A)women are portrayed in a passive manner
B)women are shown more often than men
C)men are portrayed as victims of mental disorders
D)women are shown to be therapists

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the biological factors that contribute to specific skill sets among men and women?

A)Greater upper body strength among men may be attributable to low levels of the hormone testosterone.
B)The brain structure of women makes them more adept at spatial-visual tasks.
C)Differences in the organization of the brain may account for why women tend to have better verbal skills.
D)Verbal skills are focused on one side of the brain and spatial-visual skills on the other side for women.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Gavin,a social worker,feels that women are still at the lower end of the status hierarchy in the work place.He is most likely to agree with the fact that ________.

A)women primarily are into professions such as engineers or physicians
B)women tend to hold jobs such as secretary or receptionist
C)employers hire women for jobs that require managerial skills
D)low-paying jobs are filled equally by men and women

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following tasks was seen as primarily a man's responsibility during the era of industrialization?

A)expressive tasks
B)inspirational tasks
C)coordinated tasks
D)instrumental tasks

Question 5

George and his friends are proponents of sexism.They are most likely to believe that ________.

A)homosexuality is completely based on genetic inheritance
B)women are inflexible in their capabilities
C)one sex is superior to and should dominate the other sex
D)men excel in verbal skills and creativity

Question 6

Sex refers to the ________.

A)anatomical study of the secondary sexual characteristics of men and women
B)learned behavior involving how people are expected to act as males and females in society
C)biological role that each individual plays,such as in reproduction
D)combination of male and female characteristics inherent in every individual

Question 7

Sex is a(n)________.

A)ascribed status
B)earned status
C)chosen status
D)achieved status

Question 8

Learned behavior involving how people are expected to act as males and females in society is known as ________.

A)gender
B)sex
C)biological determinism
D)sexism

Question 9

Which of the following is true of the influence of schools on gender behavior?

A)Teachers often encourage assertion in girls.
B)Children see women in positions of authority.
C)Teachers encourage dependence in girls.
D)Girls are rewarded for being aggressive.

Question 10

According to modern research,men seem to particularly excel in ________.

A)sociability
B)visual-spatial abilities
C)verbal-visual abilities
D)creativity

Question 11

Functionalists argue that it is not particularly useful to use sex as a criterion for allocating jobs in industrial and postindustrial societies because ________.

A)great physical strength is no longer necessary for most jobs in a highly automated society
B)both men and women have equal abilities for spatial-visual,verbal,and creative tasks
C)domination results due to the superior physical strength of men
D)economic competition contributes to sexual inequality

Question 12

Which of the following best defines an expressive task?

A)It refers to creating novel non-invasive technology to deal with the ever-expanding health care demands.
B)It refers to goal-oriented activities of a group,such as hunting,building something,or managing a work team.
C)It refers to activities focused on relationships among people that involve maintaining happiness,harmony,and emotional stability.
D)It refers to formulating business policies for decentralized work systems.

Question 13

Mrs.Barbara has retired from her job.She noticed that the female workers received a smaller monthly income compared to her male colleagues with the same accumulated retirement assets.The rationale behind such retirement plans is that ________.

A)women live longer,on an average,than men and overall still receive the same total assets
B)women fall sick less often and therefore receive a lower monthly income
C)men are superior to women and therefore receive a higher monthly income
D)men make better use of their money and thus receive a higher monthly income

Question 14

What is the biological perspective about the role of sex in determining one's position in society?

A)Innate biological differences between men and women shape the contributions they make to society.
B)Women and men have equal abilities to carry out aggressive jobs aided by the hormone testosterone.
C)Men are more biologically inclined toward being social and emotionally stable than women.
D)Women's innate biological role in the family is to submit graciously to their husbands' leadership.

Question 15

Paula,the managing director of a business firm,believes that men should not be hired for job positions such as nurse or secretary as it is considered a social oddity.She feels that men are not suited for such positions because they are unemotional and dominant.Such a stereotypical thought about men is known as ________.

A)anti-masculinism
B)androcentrisim
C)masculine mystique
D)androgyny

Question 16

Six-year-old Kevin enjoys building different types of buildings with his building block set.In the given example,Kevin is performing a(n)________.

A)instrumental task
B)expressive task
C)interactive task
D)reflective task

Question 17

A situation found in nations at all levels of development is that _________.

A)women are adequately represented in political positions
B)women are hired as soon as job markets expand
C)working women are least affected by economic recession
D)working women generally have less prestigious jobs

Question 18

Which of the following social changes occurred as a result of industrialization?

A)larger families
B)availability of child care facilities
C)shorter life expectancy
D)separation of work from family life

Question 19

According to sociologists,which of the following is used as a gender-specific term?

A)male
B)masculine
C)female
D)childish

Question 20

Which of the following statements represents the argument of functionalists on the criteria for allocating jobs today?

A)It is more practical to assign tasks based on individual abilities.
B)It is better to assign complex problem-solving tasks to men.
C)It is appropriate to assign tasks based on the physical strength of individuals.
D)It is preferable to assign simple,straightforward tasks to women.

Question 21

What are the major arguments against employing women in military combat positions,especially in ground infantry units in the United States?

Question 22

According to functionalists,why was it more convenient and practical to assign certain tasks to men and certain others to women in preindustrial societies?

Question 23

Discuss the issues that arose due to increase in the number of women in the workplace.

Question 24

The strict policy of viewing homosexuality as incompatible with the mission of the armed services was because of the notion that ________.

A)homosexuals would influence others to adopt the same attitude
B)gays would constitute a security risk and would be a disruptive element in military units
C)homosexuals lack the mental and physical skills required to serve in military units
D)gays can be verbally and physically abusive toward fellow members of the armed services

Question 25

Sociological theories of homosexuality suggest that ________.

A)sexual orientation does not involve biological predisposition
B)labeling people as homosexuals does not influence their sexual identity
C)all people engaging in homosexual acts consider themselves to be homosexuals
D)homosexuality can be the result of learning through interaction with others

Question 26

The ________ provided beefed-up protection and additional legal weapons in the fight against sexual harassment in the workplace.

A)Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act
B)Civil Rights Act of 1964
C)Civil Rights Act of 1991
D)Equal Rights Amendment

Question 27

Although attitudes toward homosexuality have substantially improved over the last 20 years,what are the issues that still persist?

Question 28

Clara is sexually attracted to other females.Therefore,Clara is ________.

A)heterosexual
B)a transgender
C)gay
D)a lesbian

Question 29

The ________ issue is one of status politics where opposition to or support for the amendment is in part a controversy over who has the power to enforce the definition of appropriate sex-role behavior on society.

A)Women's Suffrage Amendment
B)Equal Rights Amendment
C)Educational Amendments Act
D)Nineteenth Amendment

Question 30

Why is sex considered a master status?

Question 31

Colin,a research scientist,primarily focuses his research on the relationship between genetic inheritance and sexual orientation.He is most likely to agree with the fact that ________.

A)genetic inheritance directly translates into sexual orientation
B)sexual orientation of a person is entirely dependent on genetic inheritance
C)twins sharing the same genetic material are likely to be gay
D)adopted brothers sharing no genetic material are most likely to be gay

Question 32

Strong condemnation of homosexuality has been an integral part of much of the Christian history and heritage based on the grounds that ________.

A)it is based on the rational consideration of evidence related to homosexuality
B)it lowers employment opportunities for the heterosexual population
C)it is a threat to the family or the reproductive potential of the society
D)it fosters violence in society

Question 33

Discuss the basic idea of comparable worth and the controversies associated with it.

Question 34

Summarize the patterns of female gender inequality across nations in the world.

Question 35

What does Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act state?

A)Divorced women are entitled for federal assistance.
B)Sex discrimination in employment practices is considered illegal.
C)Any educational institution discriminating on the basis of sex will be denied federal aid.
D)Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex.

Question 36

________ refers to sexual feelings,attractions,and actions directed toward members of the same sex.

A)Bisexuality
B)Homosexuality
C)Heterosexuality
D)Asexuality

Question 37

What are the pros and cons of Internet usage among young people in the context of gender socialization?

Question 38

According to John,a research scientist,each individual can be viewed as a combination of both feminine and masculine characteristics.This view is in line with the concept of ________.

A)androgyny
B)gender neutrality
C)ecofeminism
D)gonochorism

Question 39

What are the reasons for the emergence of gay communities?

Question 40

Discuss the attitudes of people toward homosexuality in the United States.