Deck 9: Age and Social Inequality

Question 1

Which of the following is true of preindustrial societies?

A)People did not need to know how to read and write to make contributions to society.
B)People did not work as they grew old.
C)The transition from childhood to adulthood generally occurred between the ages of 18 to 21.
D)The transition from childhood to adulthood generally occurred between the ages of 16 to 18.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ need a highly educated and well-trained workforce to manage the complex technology and the elaborate division of labor.

A)Agricultural societies
B)Industrial societies
C)Feudal societies
D)Preindustrial societies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a reason for child exploitation?

A)Children are more likely to protest their conditions successfully.
B)Factory owners find children an easy and profitable group to exploit.
C)Factory owners pay child workers much more than they pay adult workers.
D)Children are considered to be more effective and productive than adults.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The _____ is often calculated by comparing the number of people over age 65 with the number between ages 18 and 64.

A)fecundity ratio
B)golden ratio
C)dependency ratio
D)financial ratio

Question 5

Age structure is the ________.

A)succession of statuses and roles that people in a particular society experience in a fairly predictable pattern as they grow older
B)scientific study of aging
C)ideology or set of beliefs holding that people in a particular age group are inferior
D)distribution of people into various age categories

Question 6

A factory that is well informed about the clauses of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is most likely to ________.

A)ensure that child workers are excused from working with dangerous equipment
B)impose mandatory retirement on its employees
C)fix reasonable wages for its workers according to the number of hours worked
D)ensure that all employees have medical insurance

Question 7

In most preindustrial societies,the elderly held considerably more power because ________.

A)they did not make youngsters depend on them for their livelihood
B)they were highly educated to cope with complex technological changes
C)they outnumbered the younger employees
D)they owned and controlled many economic resources

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the differences between industrial societies and preindustrial societies?

A)People in preindustrial societies were paid much more than their counterparts in industrial societies.
B)People in preindustrial societies joined the adult world of work earlier than their counterparts in industrial societies.
C)People in preindustrial societies were asked to leave the workforce much earlier than their counterparts in preindustrial societies.
D)People in preindustrial societies were allowed more education time than their counterparts in industrial societies.

Question 9

An important feature that was found in preindustrial societies is that ________.

A)people had to know to read and write to make contributions to society
B)technological advances required extensive training
C)new social categories were created
D)people had joined the adult world of work by their teenage years

Question 10

Which of the following is true of industrial societies?

A)People are heavily dependent on their parents to making a living.
B)Entry-level positions in the economy can be gained with minimal parental support.
C)Kinship ties are a source of power and prestige for the elderly.
D)People enter the workforce at a very early age.

Question 11

A ________ is a succession of statuses and roles that people in a particular society experience in a fairly predictable pattern as they grow older.

A)life course
B)lifeline
C)lifestyle
D)life span

Question 12

________ were much more important in preindustrial societies than they are at present.

A)Technological advances
B)Business relationships
C)Kinship ties
D)Lucrative jobs

Question 13

Which of the following is the new social category created by the industrial society that consists of people who are biologically mature but still considered dependent and emotionally immature?

A)adulthood
B)preadolescence
C)young adulthood
D)adolescence

Question 14

The most important factor in shaping the life span between infancy and very old age is ________.

A)the political structure
B)psychology
C)biology
D)the social structure

Question 15

Which of the following situations illustrates the violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?

A)Walter,a 17-year-old,who babysits two of his neighbor's children for a low fee
B)Angus,a 17-year-old,who works on a farm and is paid regular wages
C)Richard,a 16-year-old,who works in his father's garage without protective gear
D)Jeff,a 15-year-old,who works with toxic chemicals without protective gear

Question 16

Which of the following is true of men and women who work in industrial societies?

A)They are encouraged to leave the workforce long before they die.
B)They are encouraged to leave the workforce only when they are incapable of working.
C)They need limited education and training to cope with the technological changes.
D)They undergo the transition from childhood to adulthood at a very early age.

Question 17

Which of the following examples shows the highest form economic exploitation?

A)Jane,who helps her uncle plant vegetables in his garden for a low price
B)Phil,who works in a factory that contains malfunctioning equipment
C)Richard,who hunts animals for his brother who runs a butcher shop
D)Andrew,who works in a factory where he is required to wear safety equipment

Question 18

The term ________ was originally coined to describe reactions to the elderly,but it applies to any group that experiences similar prejudice and discrimination.

A)chauvinism
B)ageism
C)racism
D)sexism

Question 19

In industrial societies,retirement serves as a way of ________.

A)increasing the number of goods and services that are produced
B)reducing the number of workers who are competing for a limited number of jobs
C)reminding people that it is ideal for them to leave the work force while they are healthy
D)recognizing the capabilities of older people

Question 20

Which of the following was a characteristic feature observed in preindustrial societies?

A)People were economically dependent on their parents to make a living.
B)Kinship ties became less important,which led to a decline in the status of the elderly.
C)People joined the workforce after an extended period of education.
D)Extensive training was required to cope with complex technological advances.

Question 21

What are some of the problems that exist in Medicare and Medicaid programs?

Question 22

Economists Victor R.Fuchs and Diane M.Reklis conclude that the current generation of American children is in trouble based on the statistics about prevailing social trends.Which of the following is a reason for this?

A)The proportion of children living in households with a single male parent has tripled over the years.
B)Obesity among children in the U.S.has risen sharply compared to the 1960s.
C)Children and youth are worse off on all dimensions measured in the Child Well-Being Index.
D)There is a decrease in the number of children experiencing residential mobility.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of federal legislations on retirement plans?

A)Social Security is intended to be a person's sole retirement income.
B)Employers are required to pay the full amount for the taxes collected as part of the Social Security program.
C)Pensions must be vested in the employer after five years of employment.
D)Employees should take retirement in a form that provides the spouse with a pension after the worker's death.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of the effects of poverty on young people?

A)The economic circumstances of teenagers earning money are independent of those faced by their parents.
B)The poverty rate among children is lower today than it was four to five decades ago.
C)The high rates of divorce and single parenthood have increased the risk of poverty among the young.
D)The poverty rates among children are lower when compared to that of adults.

Question 25

AB Corp. ,a company producing automotive components,plans to restructure itself by reducing the size of its work force.Who among the following people is most likely to be dismissed as part of the company's restructuring plan?

A)Aaron,an 18-year- old janitor
B)Philip,a 60-year-old supervisor
C)Jonathan,a 40-year-old accountant
D)James,a 22-year-old salesman

Question 26

Alfred,a sociologist,is conducting a study on the negative effects of divorce on children.He is most likely to agree with the fact that ________.

A)single parents are not capable of providing a good environment for child rearing
B)poverty rates of such children are same as that of adults
C)children of divorced parents are prone to delinquency and other behavior problems
D)children of divorced parents are often able to easily access community resources

Question 27

What is the role of biology in the life course of humans?

Question 28

What measures did the U.S.government take to alleviate the problem of some elderly having little or no income from personal retirement pensions?

Question 29

Explain the concerns that the elderly have regarding the environment of nursing homes.

Question 30

What are the reasons for the economic exploitation of children?

Question 31

A vested pension is ________.

A)one that an employee receives only while working for a company
B)the property of companies
C)the property of employees
D)one that employees can claim at any time during their tenure at a company

Question 32

Which of the following is true of teenage runaways?

A)They possess the social and economic resources to avoid sexual exploitation.
B)They are defenseless and are likely to be exploited by sexual predators.
C)Their independence protects them from being exploited by pimps and pornographers.
D)They prefer to support themselves through legitimate jobs.

Question 33

Explain Neugarten's views on social policy and the ways in which his views could translate into social policy.

Question 34

Which of the following situations shows a crime that is least likely to be reported?

A)Karen,a 16-year-old,is sexually assaulted by her uncle.
B)Lori,an 18-year-old,is sexually assaulted by a complete stranger.
C)Michelle,a 22-year-old,is sexually assaulted by a co-worker.
D)Audrey,a 20-year-old,is sexually assaulted by a professor in her college.

Question 35

Explain the reasons for poor conditions in nursing homes.

Question 36

What are the views of the opponents of age-based policies for receiving benefits?

Question 37

When the ________ was amended in 1986,mandatory retirement was largely eliminated in the United States.

A)California Fair Employment Practices Act
B)Age Discrimination Act of 1975
C)Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
D)Employment Non-Discrimination Act

Question 38

Why is training more extensive in industrial societies?

Question 39

How do children suffer because of divorce?

Question 40

Companies feel that younger workers are cheaper than older workers because they ________.

A)are not eligible for company benefits
B)are forced out of work based on their age
C)have fewer professional ambitions compared to older workers
D)place less strain on company resources