Deck 10: Crime and Delinquency

Question 1

,________ have the power to determine which cases will be pursued and with how much vigor,within the criminal justice system.

A)Police personnel
B)Judges
C)Defense attorneys
D)Prosecuting attorneys

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is an argument in favor of legalizing victimless crimes?

A)It would result in an increase in the price of drugs.
B)It would lead to an admission that the justice system is effective in controlling these crimes.
C)It would result in lesser secondary crime.
D)It would lead to a decrease in white-collar crimes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The court system in the United States uses a(n)________ model in evaluating guilt or innocence.

A)adversary
B)customary
C)inquisitorial
D)pluralistic

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Prostitution is an example of a ________.

A)Part II offense
B)victimless crime
C)white-collar crime
D)property crime

Question 5

Which of the following best defines the differential association theory?

A)Inconsistencies and contradictions in the social system contribute to many forms of crime.
B)It is the deviant behavior that a person adopts in response to the reaction of others to his or her primary deviance.
C)Whether other people define or label a person as deviant is a critical determinant in the development of a pattern of deviant behavior.
D)Crime and delinquency are learned in interaction with other people,for the most part within intimate primary groups such as families and peer groups.

Question 6

Sarah believes that the government should not control personal and moral issues and that gambling and drug use should be legal.Sarah supports the legalization of ________.

A)victimless crimes
B)white-collar crimes
C)status offenses
D)cybercrimes

Question 7

Martin is a sociologist whose writings reflect his belief that capitalism as an economic system is the predominant cause of crime.From the given scenario,it can be seen that Martin is a(n)________ theorist.

A)functional
B)conflict
C)biological
D)anomie

Question 8

Which of the following is true of gender as a factor in criminal behavior?

A)The crime rates for fraud and forgery are growing much faster among women than men.
B)There are no offenses that are more likely to be committed by a woman than by a man.
C)Crimes that do not involve aggressiveness or violence are more likely to be committed by women.
D)There is a proportionate representation of men and women in most forms of criminal activity.

Question 9

Which of the following is a Part I offense?

A)vandalism
B)gambling
C)robbery
D)fraud

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the labeling theory?

A)It focuses on the inconsistencies and contradictions in the social systems.
B)It is based on the conflict perspective of crime and delinquency.
C)It attempts to explain primary deviance.
D)It concentrates on secondary or career deviance.

Question 11

________ is the single social factor that is most predictive of patterns of criminal behavior.

A)Age
B)Socioeconomic status
C)Gender
D)Race

Question 12

Which of the following is a Part II offense?

A)embezzlement
B)burglary
C)arson
D)motor vehicle theft

Question 13

Which of the following is a result of the introduction of three-strike policies?

A)Local jails have freed up.
B)There have been fewer sentences of life imprisonment.
C)There is more prison crowding.
D)The crime rate has reduced.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the term recidivism?

A)It occurs when the demand for space in prisons exceeds the capacity for prisoners.
B)It is the repeat of an offense after having been convicted of a crime.
C)It refers to working more slowly than one's capacity.
D)It is the cultural transmittance of crime and delinquency through socialization.

Question 15

Marian believes that race is a causal variable in criminal behavior.Which of the following facts contradicts Marian's belief?

A)African Americans are more likely to be involved with hidden crimes.
B)African Americans are lower in socioeconomic standing.
C)Black-white differences in criminal behavior merely reflect criminal justice system biases.
D)Whites are watched more closely than African Americans by law enforcement agencies.

Question 16

Which of the following is true of innovation as a mode of adaptation to anomie?

A)It refers to periodic and highly publicized drives against certain crimes.
B)It is likely to occur when people feel that legitimate routes to success are closed.
C)It is the mechanism whereby some groups exercise control over the activities of other groups.
D)It is likely to result in people valuing criminality more highly than conventional behavior.

Question 17

In the context of perspectives on crime and delinquency,the differential association theory is based on the ________ perspective.

A)conflict
B)functionalist
C)interactionist
D)biological

Question 18

Which of the following theories posits that inconsistencies and contradictions in the social system contribute to many forms of crime?

A)anomie theory
B)cultural transmission theory
C)differential association theory
D)labeling theory

Question 19

Criminal operations in which several criminal groups coordinate their illegal activities are known as ________.

A)corporations
B)syndicates
C)conglomerates
D)firms

Question 20

________ are more likely to be the victims of auto theft,according to research studies.

A)Affluent households
B)Poor households
C)Young people
D)African Americans

Question 21

Define anomie.How does the anomie theory approach crime and delinquency?

Question 22

Liam is asked to recommend measures for reducing the environmental opportunities of crime.He is most likely to suggest ________.

A)shock probation to reduce recidivism
B)better street lighting for improved surveillance
C)rehabilitation through the enforcement of military discipline
D)decreased occupational training for prisoners

Question 23

Ernest is a policy advisor who is conducting a study on prison overcrowding.Which of the following recommendations is Ernest most likely to make in order to reduce overcrowding in prisons?

A)decreasing the rate of recidivism
B)strengthening the prison-industrial complex
C)increasing federal spending on the war on drugs
D)decreasing the number of correctional officers

Question 24

What measures are needed to fight globalized crime and cybercrime?

Question 25

Anya supports the privatization of prisons,whereas Marcus does not.Marcus's argument rests heavily on ________.

A)the fear of the development of a prison-industrial complex
B)how private industry is free from political interference
C)cost effectiveness
D)the high recidivism rate associated with public prisons

Question 26

Which of the following is true of plea bargaining?

A)It is legally binding.
B)It is involved in only a negligible number of convictions for criminal offenses.
C)It places due process of law above local politics and community norms.
D)It results in the dropping of some charges or the granting of a more lenient sentence.

Question 27

Satish believes that the legalization of victimless crimes is a necessary reform in the criminal justice system.It can be inferred that Satish supports the legalization of ________.

A)prostitution
B)forgery
C)embezzlement
D)vandalism

Question 28

Which of the following measures is shown to be effective at reducing crime?

A)intensive police patrols of crime "hot spots"
B)neighborhood watch programs
C)arresting juveniles for minor offenses
D)longer prison sentences

Question 29

What are the arguments in favor of legalizing victimless crimes?

Question 30

What are the possible explanations for the higher involvement in crime by teens and young adults?

Question 31

Differentiate between primary deviance and secondary deviance.

Question 32

What are some measures that can reduce the environmental opportunities for committing crime?

Question 33

Why is the office of prosecuting attorneys such a powerful position in the criminal justice system?

Question 34

According to research studies,what law enforcement measures are effective in reducing crime?

Question 35

Janis is conducting a study on judicial reforms in the criminal justice system of her county.She is most likely to recommend ________.

A)increasing the number of programs that provide job training for the unemployed
B)narrowing the discretionary options of prosecutors and judges
C)improving surveillance through better street lighting
D)rehabilitating criminals through the imposition of military discipline

Question 36

Effective rehabilitation programs focus on ________.

A)undermining the personal responsibility of offenders
B)providing structured activities that do not reinforce criminal responses
C)increasing the length of prison sentences
D)imposing military discipline into people's lives

Question 37

Who are likely to be victims of crime?

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic of effective rehabilitation programs?

A)shocking people into an awareness of the dire consequences of getting caught at crime
B)rehabilitating criminals through the imposition of military discipline
C)undermining personal responsibility
D)concentrating resources on offenders who are most likely to return to crime

Question 39

What are the effects of the introduction of three-strike policies?

Question 40

________ often encourage their clients to accept a guilty plea because of the pressure to help the system run smoothly.

A)Prosecuting attorneys
B)Judges
C)Police officers
D)Defense attorneys