Deck 13: Population Growth and Urbanization

Question 1

Which of the following is a difference between fertility and fecundity?

A)Fertility refers to the number of births that occur in a particular population,while fecundity refers to the number of deaths that occur in a particular population.
B)Fertility refers to the number of live births occurring in a particular population during a given year for each 1,000 people,while fecundity refers to the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people.
C)Fertility refers to the number of years,on average,that people can expect to live,while fecundity refers to the number of live births occurring in a particular population during a given year.
D)Fertility refers to the actual number of children born,while fecundity refers to the biological maximum number of children that could be born.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the major drawback of racially segregating minorities in ghettos?

A)It leads to negative stereotyping,hostility,and prejudice.
B)It spreads the problem of poverty more evenly around a metropolitan area.
C)Ghettos encourage decentralization of urban areas.
D)Ghettos are taxed at a higher rate than other areas of a city.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The defensible space strategy focuses on ________.

A)spreading poverty evenly around a metropolitan area by developing ghettos so that communities are grouped together
B)the segregation of neighborhoods to promote stability
C)the physical environment of neighborhoods that makes it easier for people to protect themselves against crime
D)reducing tensions between racial groups

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true of extensive urbanization in the United States?

A)Lands located within cities are inexpensive,easily available,and ready for construction.
B)Most industries and jobs in industrial societies are located in cities,and people are drawn to cities to find work.
C)The increasing affluence of people in the United States made it feasible for people to live in cities.
D)The Federal Housing Administration (FHA)and Veterans Administration (VA)made available federally guaranteed mortgage loans for the purchase of new homes within cities.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the Green Revolution strategy?

A)It was implemented to head off the threat of massive famine by making it possible to produce far larger crops from the same amount of land.
B)It became the panacea for the world food problem.
C)It had a minimum impact on biological uniformity as its emphasis was on growing a broad range of crops with a short turnaround time.
D)It relied extensively on the use of natural fertilizers.

Question 6

According to the ________ perspective,population becomes a social problem when those who control the economic system take steps to limit artificially the resources available in order to benefit a particular group of people.

A)behaviorist
B)interactionist
C)conflict
D)functionalist

Question 7

A similarity between the preindustrial stage and the postindustrial stage of demographic transition is that ________.

A)the availability of better and more food helped people resist infectious diseases and reduced infant mortality
B)people were encouraged to have large families so the birthrate stayed high
C)the improvement in lifestyle resulted in falling death rates
D)it resulted in a roughly stable population that grew slowly

Question 8

The ________ perspective stresses that population conditions become social problems,in part,because of people's social definition of what is desirable or essential in their lives.

A)interactionist
B)behaviorist
C)conflict
D)functionalist

Question 9

After marriage,Joe and Monica decide to shift to Milano,a peaceful,multicultural residential area located on the outskirts of the city of Robinville.Milano is an example of a ________.

A)settlement
B)ghetto
C)suburb
D)village

Question 10

The ________ actively promoted the idea that neighborhoods should be racially segregated.

A)Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)program
B)Community Reinvestment Act of 1977
C)Housing Act of 1949
D)Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Question 11

________ is the study of the size,composition,and distribution of human populations and how these factors change over time.

A)Gerontology
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Demography
D)Socialism

Question 12

Which of the following best describes capitalism?

A)It is based on achieving societal goals,such as providing adequate food and housing or keeping illness rates at an acceptable level.
B)It is based on changing systems of production and distribution that would lead to a broader and more equitable distribution of resources among groups.
C)It is based on making profits as food and other goods are not produced unless someone can make a profit from producing and selling them.
D)It is based on producing food and other goods for human needs rather than making profits.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the functionalist perspective on population growth?

A)Population and urban problems are as much about subjective definitions of reality as they are about objective conditions.
B)Population becomes a social problem when those who control the economic system take steps to limit artificially the resources available in order to benefit a particular group of people.
C)Population and urban problems are due more to an inequitable distribution of resources than to a lack of resources.
D)Population will eventually grow larger than the food supply can support if the tendency toward population growth continues unchecked.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes demographic transition?

A)It refers to an upper-size limit that is imposed on a population by its environmental resources and that cannot be permanently exceeded.
B)It refers to movement into a particular country.
C)It refers to the changing patterns of birth and death rates that are brought about by industrialization.
D)It refers to moving out of a particular country.

Question 15

Dnipro is a well-developed nation.The country has transformed itself into a major industrial powerhouse in the last three decades.However,the increasing affluence along with improvements in lifestyle has contributed to a low death rate.Similarly,rapid urbanization and inflation have led couples to desire small families,which has affected the country's birth rate.This has resulted in a relatively stable population with little growth.Hence,Dnipro is in the ________ stage of demographic transition.

A)industrial
B)postindustrial
C)preindustrial
D)transitional

Question 16

Population refers to the ________.

A)actual number of children born
B)total number of people inhabiting a particular geographic area at a specified time
C)biological maximum number of children that could be born
D)the changing patterns of birth and death rates brought about by industrialization

Question 17

Paolo,an Italian American,lives in Hamford,a neighborhood dominated by Italian Americans.Four generations of Paolo's family have lived in Hamford.The neighborhood is isolated and has little contact with other communities.Hamford is an example of a ________.

A)village
B)county
C)suburb
D)ghetto

Question 18

Why did the Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration promote residential segregation of neighborhoods?

A)to spread the burden of assisting the poor throughout the metropolitan area
B)to encourage decentralization of urban areas
C)to reduce the need for corporations or service industries to concentrate their facilities in one neighborhood
D)to promote more neighborhood stability and higher property values

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the transitional stage of demographic transition?

A)It is characterized by high birthrates and high death rates,resulting in a population that grows slowly,if at all.
B)The falling death rates occur because of improvements in lifestyle resulting from industrial development.
C)The decline in the birthrate was a response to the impact of industrialization on cultural values regarding childbearing.
D)It is characterized by low birthrates and low death rates,resulting in a roughly stable population with little growth.

Question 20

________ refers to the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people.

A)Crude death rate
B)Life expectancy
C)Rate of natural increase
D)Relative death rate

Question 21

Which of the following is true of the incentives approach involved in controlling population growth?

A)Annual payments are given to men for each year they do not have children.
B)Families are provided with financial reliefs or gifts for being sterilized.
C)Tax exemptions are increased for families with fewer children.
D)Programs for creating awareness on birth control methods are used to educate young men and women.

Question 22

What was the major objective of urban renewal initiated by the Housing Act of 1949?

Question 23

What was the purpose of the defensible space strategy developed by sociologists and urban planners?

Question 24

How can crowding impact human beings?

Question 25

Define population.Explain the three basic elements that shape the size,composition,and distribution of human population.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of the development of empowerment zones?

A)It combines private and public resources and directs them toward grassroots community efforts to revitalize blighted neighborhoods.
B)Businesses located in such zones would be subject to more stringent regulations than businesses outside the zone.
C)Businesses located in empowerment zones would be taxed at a higher rate than other areas of a city.
D)It is based on the laissez-faire assumption that the tax and regulatory systems stifle initiative and self-improvement.

Question 27

The purpose of the urban renewal program developed by the Housing Act of 1989 was to ________.

A)give local officials a larger role in developing urban renewal projects and greater flexibility in how federal funds are used
B)stimulate private investment in the inner city through the physical redevelopment of deteriorated areas
C)tax businesses located in areas with high unemployment or poverty at a lower rate than other areas of a city
D)privatize the process of improving the conditions of cities

Question 28

What is the purpose of Community Development Corporations (CDCs)in the United States?

A)They contribute to revitalization of communities by promoting the development of businesses,jobs,and clean and affordable housing.
B)They explore further possibilities in terms of government regulation of urban development.
C)They tax businesses located in communities with high unemployment or poverty at a lower rate than businesses located in other areas of the city.
D)They shift jobs from low-unemployment areas to high-unemployment areas.

Question 29

The difference between the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)program and the urban renewal program is that the CDBG program ________.

A)gave government officials a larger role in developing urban renewal projects
B)gave local officials lesser flexibility in how federal funds are used
C)shifted emphasis from providing direct assistance to low-income residents to focus on economic development
D)taxed businesses located in areas with high unemployment or poverty at a lower rate than other areas of a city

Question 30

Keith,living in a large suburban home with his wife and son for the last ten years,feels that it is too expensive to maintain a large house.He also feels that a large house is not needed for his small family.Hence,he purchases an apartment in an area where private developers build housing complexes by demolishing abandoned and dilapidated houses.Which of the following trends of urban homesteading is seen in the given example?

A)demographic transition
B)gentrification
C)segregation
D)urbanization

Question 31

What are Community Development Corporations?

Question 32

Studies have shown that family planning initiatives in countries such as Kenya and India have little observable results.Which of the following is a reason for this?

A)Cultural values are supportive of large families,and women are taught to want many children.
B)Having many children offers distinct economic advantages for families in these countries.
C)Increasing levels of education have contributed to population growth.
D)Rising standards of living have contributed to population growth.

Question 33

Why did mass suburbanization occur in the United States?

Question 34

________ refers to programs to increase home ownership by private citizens in certain neighborhoods by selling them houses at little or no cost.

A)Urban renewal
B)Urban homesteading
C)Demographic transition
D)Suburbanization

Question 35

What is demographic transition? What are its four stages?

Question 36

Gentrification refers to ________.

A)rebuilding blighted areas of cities,providing low-cost housing for urban poor,and stimulating private investment in the inner city through the physical redevelopment of deteriorated areas.
B)encouraging private development in cities through minimal government action.
C)the return of relatively affluent households to marginal neighborhoods,where run-down housing is being rehabilitated or new housing is being constructed.
D)the residential segregation of racial and ethnic minorities to promote neighborhood stability and higher property values.

Question 37

What are the problems of residential segregation?

Question 38

What are ghettos? Where are they generally concentrated in the U.S.cities?

Question 39

Why did the United States implement the laissez-faire approach to solve urban problems?

Question 40

According to the ________,the key role of the federal government in solving urban problems is to keep the economy healthy,not to intervene directly with federal programs and funding.

A)gentrification strategy
B)defensible space strategy
C)urban renewal approach
D)laissez-faire approach