Deck 15: Violence, War, and Terrorism

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of ethnocentrism?

A)It can be beneficial by promoting group cohesion.
B)It leads to the belief that all people are honest and reputable.
C)It seldom opens the door to hostility and violence.
D)It refers to an inability to achieve sought-after goals.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

James is a wildlife photographer.He goes to Africa to photograph rhinoceros in their natural habitat.When James finds a rhino,he approaches it to take a picture.The rhino senses his presence from 300 meters away and starts charging at him aggressively.According to Robert Ardrey,this behavior is known as the ________ imperative.

A)narcoleptic
B)territorial
C)categorical
D)altruistic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Terrorism is a particularly unnerving form of violence because ________.

A)it is very difficult to control
B)it is caused by public dissent
C)it is only attempted by religious fanatics with unlimited resources
D)it is only attempted by small groups with limited resources

Answer 3

A

Question 4

James,a sociobiologist,is most likely to agree with the fact that ________.

A)there are few parallels between humans and animals
B)there is direct evidence linking specific genes to particular forms of human behavior
C)genetic tendencies can be overcome by learning and other social forces
D)genetic factors have a limited role in shaping human social behavior

Question 5

Which of the following is true of terrorism?

A)It is resorted to by people who have little power to attack what they see as injustice.
B)It always has its origins in some kind of perceived injustice.
C)It is always associated with people who are motivated by religious fervor.
D)It is an organized action by some group to rebel against the existing government and to replace it with new political forms and leadership.

Question 6

Which of the following is a true statement about crimes during war?

A)Crime is least likely in nations that are victorious in war.
B)Crime rates always decline during wars because there is a scarcity of resources.
C)Crime often accompanies war because warfare brings with it social disruption and upheaval.
D)Crime rates increase because of the decline of the subculture of violence during war.

Question 7

Collective violence differs from interpersonal violence in that collective violence ________.

A)is a response to the stresses of an immediate situation
B)is an organized form of violence involving large numbers of people
C)exclusively focuses hostility on property,merchandise,or equipment rather than people
D)is always politically motivated

Question 8

________ typically began when whites attacked blacks in the racially contested areas in the United States.

A)Insurrection
B)Commodity riots
C)Communal riots
D)Terrorism

Question 9

A structural precondition necessary for collective violence to occur is the ________.

A)absence of ethnocentrism
B)involvement of the government in some fashion
C)acceptance of violence as a way of resolving disputes
D)existence of some social strain or social deprivation

Question 10

Which of the following is a true statement about civil disorders?

A)They are always unorganized and have short-term goals.
B)They are always racially motivated.
C)They are always organized and have long-term goals.
D)They always involve the government in some fashion.

Question 11

Commodity riots ________.

A)focus on property rather than people
B)only occur in areas of racial transition
C)only occur in areas of racial contest
D)involve rebellion against governments

Question 12

Why does political turmoil increase in a country during a war?

A)Disenchantment over the war leads to widespread discontent with the government.
B)People seldom allow the government to use repressive means to control dissent.
C)During a war,people's tolerance for public dissent increases.
D)During a war,civilians are always subjected to warrantless wiretapping.

Question 13

A nuclear winter is caused by ________.

A)the burial of nuclear wastes underground
B)instabilities in the earth's core following a number of massive nuclear explosions
C)disposing nuclear wastes into water bodies
D)the dust and soot released into the atmosphere because of nuclear explosions

Question 14

Myre is a country with an autocratic leader.The people of Myre decide to conduct an organized rebellion against the autocratic regime and establish a new democratic government.In the given scenario,the people of Myre establish a democratic government by means of ________.

A)retaliation
B)insurrection
C)communal riots
D)commodity riots

Question 15

Which of the following is true of research findings on homicide rates in a country following a war?

A)They show a substantial increase in countries that have lost a war.
B)Their increase is due to adverse economic conditions.
C)Their increase is found only in men.
D)They increase after wars,whether the wars are large or small.

Question 16

A mediating factor that leads to collective violence is the ________.

A)existence of some social strain or social deprivation
B)competition between people over money,jobs,territory,and other scarce but valued resources
C)tendency to view one's own group or culture as superior to other groups or cultures
D)portrayal of violence in the mass media in a positive way

Question 17

________ is the tendency to view one's own group or culture as superior to other groups or cultures.

A)Sinocentrism
B)Xenocentrism
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Eurocentrism

Question 18

Anna,a sociologist,is of the opinion that media constitute an independent institutional force in society with its own agenda.She is most likely to agree with the notion that the ________.

A)media can choose not to broadcast any images rather than giving a one-sided portrayal
B)media are always exploited by politicians and terrorists in pursuit of their goals
C)media portrays true facts about an event and not those that are considered marketable
D)media can be thought of as contested territory that is battled over by various groups

Question 19

The Geneva Protocols of 1925 prohibit the ________.

A)use of chemical weapons
B)production of chemical weapons
C)use of biological weapons
D)proliferation of nuclear weapons

Question 20

Which of the following examples shows altruistic behavior?

A)Rebels in the town of Hutston direct their hostility toward property owned by people of a particular community.
B)Social policies are formulated by certain powerful groups in the country of Eunisia.
C)People in the country of Nebulia compete with each other for access to resources.
D)People in the village of Corla are selfless and always do things for the welfare of others in the village.

Question 21

In the context of social reforms for controlling violence,interventionists are of the opinion that ________.

A)people's definitions of situations serve as mechanisms of social control
B)the government will simply become the tool of one interest group or another
C)the government should serve as arbiter over the allocation of resources
D)unfettered operation of impersonal economic forces can provide equity and justice for all

Question 22

A person advocating the interventionist approach toward formulating social policies is most likely to believe that ________.

A)the unfettered operation of impersonal economic forces can provide equity and justice for all
B)the government should become the forum in which various groups exercise what influence they have to gain a share of resources
C)people's definitions of situations serve as mechanisms of social control
D)an issue is turned into a social problem when it threatens the interests of some group and that group is in a position to do something about it

Question 23

What are the structural preconditions for violence? When do they exist?

Question 24

What are the measures taken by Russia and the United States toward arms control and disarmament?

Question 25

What are the three ways in which television encourages people toward violence?

Question 26

One of the effects of completely eliminating violence from the media is that it will ________.

A)create a tremendous distortion of reality
B)lessen people's tolerance toward public dissent
C)have no impact on the overall amount of violence in a society
D)completely eliminate all subcultures of violence

Question 27

In the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks in the 1970s,the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to ________.

A)place limits on their defensive weapons systems
B)ban intermediate-range nuclear weapons
C)limit the export of weapons systems to other countries
D)destroy all nuclear stockpiles predating the 1970s

Question 28

A viable option for reducing the proliferation of weapons would be to ________.

A)remove restrictions on the trade of technical knowledge necessary to produce weapons
B)impose substantial international sanctions against nations violating existing nonproliferation treaties
C)discourage the development of regional agreements that prohibit the development of effective delivery systems
D)encourage open debate about the development of nuclear weapons and take focus away from the costs of development

Question 29

What are the three categories of social sources of violence?

Question 30

What happens when structured preconditions cause people to be frustrated?

Question 31

Which of the following is a true statement about the Children's Television Education Act?

A)It is very specific about what television broadcasters must do to provide for the educational and informational needs of children and youth in their programming.
B)It makes licensees demonstrate at the time of their license renewal that their programs provide for the educational and informational needs of children.
C)It forces television broadcasters,networks,and cable companies to collaborate to reduce the amount of violent content by subjecting them to antitrust laws.
D)It directly addresses the issue of violence and permits television broadcasters to collaborate to reduce the amount of violent content.

Question 32

What are the motives behind terrorism?

Question 33

Why is mobilization important for collective violence to occur?

Question 34

What is the effect of war on a nation's economy?

Question 35

Why is it difficult to set up an effective world government?

A)Human societies are not capable of handling increasingly complex political structures.
B)Most nations are focused only on attaining their long-term goals.
C)All nations must accept and adhere to a body of international law.
D)The increasing complexity and interdependence of the modern world prevent the need for a supranational organization.

Question 36

Research on gun control in the U.S.has shown that ________.

A)it is particularly effective in preventing collective violence
B)it is only effective in reducing the overall amount of violence in society
C)it has a very modest impact on the amount of violence in society
D)it is effective in reducing people's tolerance toward public dissent

Question 37

Richard is of the opinion that governments should manage economic forces in a free manner.He feels that in this way,equity and justice would be given to everyone.Hence,Richard is an advocate of the ________ approach.

A)laissez-faire
B)interventionist
C)conflict
D)balance of power

Question 38

How can efforts at world government be made effective?

Question 39

How can the proliferation of nuclear weapons be reduced?

Question 40

A preemptive war is one that ________.

A)involves an organized action by some group to rebel against the existing government and to replace it with new political forms and leadership
B)involves norms and values that condone and legitimize the use of violence in resolving conflicts
C)is fought against a nation not about to attack but believed to be a possible threat in the future
D)is fought against a nation that is believed about to attack but has not yet done so