Deck 3: The Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life

Question 1

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole,it would have difficulty performing what function?

A) Storing water
B) Converting light energy into food molecules
C) Converting food energy into cellular energy
D) Assembling lipids

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

A) The plasma membrane
B) The cell wall
C) The nucleus
D) The chloroplast

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?

A) Ribosome
B) Plasma membrane
C) Plasmids
D) Cell wall

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Were there any eukaryotic cells on Earth 1.5 billion years ago?

A) Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 3.5 billion years ago.
B) Yes, they first appear in the fossil record around 2 billion years ago.
C) No, they do not appear in the fossil record until around 1 million years ago.
D) No, they do not appear in the fossil record until around 500 million years ago.

Question 5

Which organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules?

A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosome
D) Chloroplast

Question 6

Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells?

A) Nucleus
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosome

Question 7

Identify the prokaryotic organism.

A) Fungus
B) Bacteria
C) Animal
D) Plant

Question 8

How many layers of phospholipids make up the plasma membrane?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 9

Which of the following is an accurate description of the plasma membrane?

A) Two layers of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within
B) One layer of phospholipids with a number of proteins embedded within
C) Two layers of proteins with a few phospholipids embedded within
D) One layer of proteins with a few phospholipids embedded within

Question 10

What is the main role of membrane proteins?

A) Hold the phospholipid bilayer together
B) Block materials from entering the cell
C) Regulate the passage of materials in and out of the cell
D) There are no membrane proteins in the plasma membrane

Question 11

Which of the following statements is correct regarding archaea cells?

A) Archaea cells are found only in extreme environments.
B) Archaea cells are found everywhere on Earth, just like bacteria cells.
C) Bacteria and archaea cells are both in the same domain in the classification of life.
D) Archaea cells contain organelles just like eukaryotic cells do.

Question 12

Select the image that is representative of an idealized plant cell.

A)
B)
C)

Question 13

Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?

A) Ribosome
B) Chloroplasts
C) Mitochondria
D) Plasma membrane

Question 14

Which of the following is not a form of passive transport?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) All of the above are forms of passive transport

Question 15

Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?

A) Animal cells only
B) Animal cells and plant cells only
C) Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells
D) Bacterial cells only

Question 16

What is a phospholipid?

A) A special kind of lipid with a water-fearing head and 2 water-loving tails
B) A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails
C) A special kind of lipid with 2 water-loving heads and 1 water-fearing tail
D) A special kind of lipid with 2 water-fearing heads and 1 water-loving tail

Question 17

Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.

A) Chloroplast
B) Mitochondria
C) Cell wall
D) Vacuole

Question 18

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope,what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?

A) It has ribosomes.
B) It has DNA.
C) It has a nucleus.
D) It is moving.

Question 19

The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.

A) simple diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) hydrosmosis
D) osmosis

Question 20

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at the same time.
B) Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.
C) Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than prokaryotic cells.
D) Scientists do not have any evidence on whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.

Question 21

Which form of transport requires the expenditure of energy?

A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Active transport
C) Passive transport
D) Osmosis

Question 22

What passes through the nuclear pores?

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) DNA and RNA
D) None of these

Question 23

Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane?

A) Something small and nonpolar, such as nitrogen gas
B) Something small and polar, such as a water molecule
C) Something small and charged, such as an ion
D) Something large, such as a glucose molecule

Question 24

Which statement best describes active transport?

A) A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.
B) A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.
C) A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.
D) A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.

Question 25

Substances are often packaged into small ________ for transport,either through the membrane or throughout the interior of the cell.

A) vacuoles
B) corpuscles
C) vesicles
D) organelles

Question 26

Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?

A) Transcription
B) Translocation
C) Translation
D) Replication

Question 27

Which of the following is not located in the nucleus?

A) Chromosomes
B) Nucleolus
C) DNA
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

What is the definition of endocytosis?

A) The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.
B) It is the digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.
C) It is the transport of large molecules into the cell.
D) It is the transport of large molecules out of the cell.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is typically false?

A) DNA is double stranded, whereas RNA is single stranded.
B) DNA contains the same nucleotides as RNA.
C) DNA to RNA is called transcription.
D) RNA to protein is called translation.

Question 30

How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

A) Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.
B) DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.
C) DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.
D) DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.

Question 31

What might happen to your red blood cells if you were suddenly unable to regulate the solute concentration of your blood and it began to rise?

A) Your blood cells would stay the same size.
B) Your blood cells would enlarge and could rupture because water would move into the cells via osmosis.
C) Your blood cells would shrivel because water would move out of the cells via osmosis.
D) We don't have enough information to answer this question.

Question 32

What information is used by the ribosome to assemble the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?

A) Base sequence of mRNA
B) Base sequence of DNA
C) Base sequence of tRNA
D) Base sequence of the chromosome

Question 33

What is the role of the ribosome in protein production?

A) It reads the DNA to make an RNA molecule.
B) It folds the protein into the correct shape.
C) It is where proteins are made.
D) It has no direct role in protein production.

Question 34

Where are ribosomes located?

A) In the cytoplasm only
B) On the rough endoplasmic reticulum only
C) On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm
D) On the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytoplasm

Question 35

What is the role of the histone proteins of the chromatin?

A) They contain the instructions to build a protein.
B) They act as a spool around which the DNA is wrapped.
C) They help assemble ribosomes.
D) They maintain the nuclear membrane.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
B) Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.
C) Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.
D) Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.

Question 37

What is the main function of the nucleus?

A) To hold all of the DNA
B) To hold all of the RNA
C) To produce proteins
D) To produce energy

Question 38

Which of the following statements is correct regarding DNA and RNA?

A) DNA remains in the nucleus at all times; RNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.
B) RNA remains in the nucleus at all times; DNA is produced in the nucleus but then leaves the nucleus.
C) DNA and RNA both leave the nucleus after being produced.
D) DNA and RNA both stay in the nucleus after being produced.

Question 39

When would chromatin be the most tightly coiled?

A) During protein synthesis
B) During cellular respiration
C) During photosynthesis
D) During cell division

Question 40

Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes?

A) Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.
B) Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.
C) Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.
D) Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.

Question 41

The long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth (such as human sperm)is called a ________.

A) vesicle
B) flagellum
C) pilus
D) cilium

Question 42

What is ATP?

A) A protein
B) A carbohydrate
C) An energy molecule
D) An information storage molecule

Question 43

It is sometimes jokingly said that you could study for your biology test by placing your textbook under your pillow at night and thereby learn by osmosis,as the knowledge would flow from the book to your brain while you slept.Aside from the obvious absurdity of this claim,what is wrong with the use of the word "osmosis" in this context? How might you lose knowledge (if knowledge could actually flow along a concentration gradient between a book and a brain)if you tried this technique?

Question 44

Which reaction represents cellular respiration?

A) Sugar + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide+ Water + ATP
B) Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP → Sugar + Oxygen
C) Oxygen + Carbon dioxide → Sugar + Water + ATP
D) Water + ATP → Carbon dioxide + Sugar

Question 45

Which is the correct pathway of a protein through a cell as it is being made?

A) Nucleus, ribosome, Golgi apparatus
B) Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
D) Golgi apparatus, ribosome, mitochondria

Question 46

What evidence would support the hypothesis that larger cells evolved in part by engulfing other,smaller cells?

Question 47

Final protein refinements,storage,and packaging occur ________.

A) in the cytoplasm
B) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) in the Golgi apparatus

Question 48

Chloroplasts and mitochondria share something with the nucleus that the other organelles do not.What is this shared characteristic?

A) They are the only organelles wrapped in a lipid-based membrane.
B) They are the only organelles that produce ATP.
C) They are the only organelles that contain DNA.
D) They are the only organelles not found in bacteria.

Question 49

The bacteria that cause tooth decay have a capsule.What does this tell you about the relative effectiveness of a toothbrush with stiff bristles and one with soft bristles?

Question 50

Describe the internal organization of a chloroplast.Be sure to list any chloroplast components covered in Chapter 3.

Question 51

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

A) Chloroplasts
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Lysosome

Question 52

Vitamin C is required to produce collagen.What is collagen,and what would be the symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency?

Question 53

What harvests energy from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar?

A) Chloroplasts
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Lysosome

Question 54

Why do bacteria have ribosomes?

Question 55

The cytoskeleton has several primary functions.The first and most obvious is that it acts as an interior skeleton that supports the rest of the cell.What is another function of the cytoskeleton?

A) It provides a communication network whereby chemo-electrical signals can be sent from one area of the cell to another.
B) It creates a durable outer covering to increase the strength and rigidity of the cell.
C) It provides a series of tracks along which vesicles can move throughout the cell.
D) It connects one cell to another.

Question 56

Do only plants have vacuoles?

A) Yes, only plants cells have vacuoles.
B) No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve different functions.
C) No, other organisms, such as certain types of fungi and protists, have vacuoles that serve the same function as in plant cells.