Deck 11: Human Body Systems

Question 1

Response to a stimulus,such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted,is called ________ feedback.

A) positive
B) simple
C) holistic
D) negative

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow?

A) Gravity
B) Peristaltic muscle contractions
C) Undulatory muscle contractions
D) Pressure difference between zones

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Organs are made up of a collection of ________ to perform a specific function.

A) different types of cells
B) different types of tissues
C) the same type of cells
D) the same type of tissues

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines?

A) Salivary glands
B) Gallbladder
C) Liver
D) Pancreas

Question 5

The main role of the liver is to ________.

A) absorb nutrients
B) absorb water
C) produce bile, which helps the process of digestion
D) break large food into smaller food bits

Question 6

Form refers to ________,and function refers to ________.

A) anatomical structure; physiological actions
B) anatomical structure; environmental actions
C) physiological actions; anatomical structure
D) physiological actions; environmental actions

Question 7

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?

A) Calcium
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Omega-3 fatty acid

Question 8

What is the role of the epithelium?

A) Helps protect the body from the external environment
B) Transmits electrical signals throughout the body
C) Contracts to create body movement
D) Provides the padding between the joints

Question 9

The main role of the large intestine is to ________.

A) absorb nutrients
B) absorb water
C) produce bile, which helps the process of digestion
D) break large food into smaller food bits

Question 10

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water)takes place in the ________.

A) esophagus
B) small intestine
C) stomach
D) large intestine

Question 11

Tissues are made up of ________ that work together to perform a function.

A) organs
B) similar cells
C) different cells
D) organ systems

Question 12

Maintaining a steady-state internal environment,despite a changing external environment,is called ________.

A) heterostasis
B) biofeedback
C) homeostasis
D) bioregulation

Question 13

What are the four stages of food processing,ordered from beginning to end?

A) Ingestion, digestion, elimination, absorption
B) Digestion, ingestion, absorption, elimination
C) Digestion, absorption, ingestion, elimination
D) Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 14

Which of the following statements about digestion is true?

A) Digestion occurs only in the stomach.
B) Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach.
C) Mechanical digestion occurs only in the stomach; chemical digestion occurs only in the mouth.
D) Digestion is the same thing as ingestion.

Question 15

How is diabetes linked with homeostasis?

A) Diabetes results from the body having a positive-feedback response to the level of glucose in the blood.
B) Diabetes results from the body responding too strongly to the level of glucose in the blood.
C) Diabetes results from the body not responding with a negative feedback to the level of glucose in the blood.
D) Diabetes is not linked with homeostasis.

Question 16

What is the role of the villi?

A) To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract
B) To move food along the digestive tract
C) To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract
D) To secrete water into the digestive tract

Question 17

Which of the following is a type of essential nutrient?

A) Minerals
B) Organic vitamins
C) Essential amino acids
D) All of the above are types of essential nutrients.

Question 18

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________.

A) needs to grow
B) needs to function
C) cannot make by itself
D) cannot store

Question 19

________ refers to how a body system functions,and ________ refers to the structure of a body part.

A) Anatomy; physiology
B) Biology; zoology
C) Zoology; biology
D) Physiology; anatomy

Question 20

Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types.Which one of the following is not categorized as connective tissue?

A) Bone
B) Blood
C) Fat
D) Skin

Question 21

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies?

A) Phagocytic cells
B) T cells
C) Natural killer cells
D) B cells

Question 22

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood ________.

A) from the heart to the lungs
B) from the heart to the rest of the body
C) from the heart to the brain
D) from the heart to the liver

Question 23

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels,causing redness and swelling?

A) Innate response
B) Inflammatory response
C) Compliment response
D) Lymphatic response

Question 24

A person with carbohydrates A and B on the surface of their red blood cells will have which of the following blood types?

A) Blood type A, as A is dominant over B
B) Blood type B, as B is dominant over A
C) Blood type AB, as both A and B are present
D) Blood type O, as A and B cancel each other out

Question 25

Which of the following blood cells fights infections?

A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Hemoglobin

Question 26

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries.

A) They only carry blood back to the heart.
B) They only carry blood away from the heart.
C) They only carry deoxygenated blood.
D) They only carry oxygenated blood.

Question 27

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart.

A) Body → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Body
B) Body → Left ventricle → Left atrium → Lungs → Right ventricle → Right atrium → Body
C) Body → Right ventricle → Right atrium → Lungs → Left ventricle → Left atrium → Body
D) Body → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body

Question 28

How is an adaptive defense initially primed?

A) Upon exposure to a foreign antigen
B) Complement proteins identify a cell as foreign
C) Antibodies bind to surface markers of a foreign cell
D) By way of the clonal selection of effector cells

Question 29

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus?

A) Vaccine
B) Antibiotic
C) Diuretic
D) Anti-inflammatory

Question 30

Blood types A,B,AB,and O are determined by ________.

A) the capacity of the blood to respond to infections
B) the capacity of the blood to respond to transfusions
C) carbohydrates on the surface of the white blood cells
D) carbohydrates on the surface of the red blood cells

Question 31

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged,often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems.What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system?

A) Alveoli
B) Trachea
C) Pharynx
D) Bronchioles

Question 32

Which are the thinnest blood vessels?

A) Bronchioles
B) Capillaries
C) Arterioles
D) Venules

Question 33

Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process.

A) Platelets
B) Hemoglobin
C) Fibrin
D) All of these are involved in the clotting process.

Question 34

What is the role of the epiglottis?

A) Produces vocal sounds
B) Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system
C) Prevents food from entering the windpipe
D) Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs

Question 35

Which of the following correctly explains what a heart attack is?

A) Arteries that supply the brain with oxygen become blocked.
B) Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked.
C) Veins that supply the brain with oxygen become blocked.
D) Veins that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked.

Question 36

What causes a stomach ulcer?

A) Lack of a key nutrient
B) Consuming too many calories
C) Chronic consumption of spicy food
D) A bacterial infection

Question 37

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system.

A) Distribution of hormones to the body
B) Delivery of oxygen to the deep muscle cells
C) Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells
D) Filter out cellular wastes from the blood

Question 38

What is the main role of red blood cells?

A) Carry sugars
B) Carry oxygen
C) Fight off infections
D) Aid blood in clotting

Question 39

Examine the calculating BMI chart.What is the most a person 5'6" tall could weigh and still be in the normal range (not overweight)?

A) 120 pounds
B) 150 pounds
C) 180 pounds
D) 240 pounds

Question 40

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node?

A) Initiates the contraction of the heart
B) Increases or decreases blood pressure
C) Opens and closes the heart valves
D) Supplies the heart muscle with oxygen

Question 41

Your thigh bone,the largest bone in your body,is called the ________.

A) tibia
B) femur
C) fibula
D) pelvis

Question 42

Which of the following statements about bones is false?

A) Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them.
B) Bones are living organs with multiple tissue types and multiple cell types.
C) Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
D) Arthritis occurs when the cartilage between bones wears down.

Question 43

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle?

A) Arthritis
B) Allergy
C) Diabetes
D) SCID

Question 44

The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________.

A) oogenesis
B) gametogenesis
C) ovulation
D) menstruation

Question 45

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?

A) Fallopian tubes
B) Urethras
C) Nephrons
D) Ureters

Question 46

Where does the fertilization of the egg occur?

A) Ovary
B) Oviduct
C) Uterus
D) Cervix

Question 47

What is the part of the kidney where urine is formed?

A) The nephron
B) The ureter
C) The liver
D) The blood vessels

Question 48

What carries a signal from one neuron to the next?

A) Neurotransmitter
B) Myelin
C) Synapse
D) Dendrite

Question 49

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system,but which one is the master controller?

A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Hypothalamus
D) Pancreas

Question 50

Which of the following forms of contraception is removable?

A) A tubal ligation
B) A vasectomy
C) An intrauterine device
D) None of these

Question 51

When is an unborn child called a fetus?

A) From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth
B) From cleavage to the 9th week of pregnancy
C) From conception through birth
D) From cleavage to birth

Question 52

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments?

A) To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from anaphylactic shock
B) To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream
C) To replenish oxygen in the bloodstream
D) To keep the airways open so one can breathe

Question 53

What type of disorder is AIDS?

A) Autoimmune disease
B) Allergic reaction
C) Immune rejection
D) Immunodeficiency

Question 54

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.

A) somatic
B) peripheral
C) autonomic
D) central

Question 55

From production through ejaculation,which is the correct pathway for a sperm cell?

A) Testis → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Seminal vesicles → Prostate gland → Penis
B) Testis → Prostate gland → Seminal vesicles → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Penis
C) Testis → Vas deferens → Epididymis → Prostate gland → Seminal vesicles → Penis
D) Testis → Epididymis → Seminal vesicles → Vas deferens → Prostate gland → Penis

Question 56

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________.

A) virus
B) bacteria
C) fungus
D) protist

Question 57

What are hormones?

A) They are carbohydrates on the surface of red blood cells that affect targeted cells throughout the body.
B) They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect all cells similarly.
C) They are chemicals transported in the blood and affect targeted cells throughout the body.
D) They are chemicals that affect cells right next to where they are produced.

Question 58

What would happen if the sensory neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal?

A) You could feel something touch your fingers but you could not move them.
B) You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.
C) You could not move your fingers or feel something touching them.
D) You could still feel something touching your fingers and still be able to move them.

Question 59

Sound is "heard" when sound waves cause structures inside your ears to physically vibrate.A signal is then sent to your brain where it is interpreted as sound.What type of receptor in the ear is responsible for the sense of hearing?

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Electromagnetic receptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Thermoreceptors

Question 60

Which is not a major protein found in muscles?

A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Keratin
D) All are major proteins found in muscles.

Question 61

Describe the two separate metabolic needs that are met when a full-grown person eats a balanced diet.

Question 62

Describe the role of the two antagonistic hormones involved in the feedback loop that maintains the level of glucose in the blood.Which organs are involved,and what type of feedback is this?

Question 63

How do the muscles in your arm extend your arm outward?

A) The muscles in your arm push on the bones, causing your arm to extend.
B) The muscles in your arm relax, and the tendons pull the arm straight.
C) Some muscles in your arm relax, and others contract, pulling the arm straight.
D) The top half of your bicep wraps around underneath the elbow like a rope over a pulley. When it contracts, the arm is pulled out straight.

Question 64

Describe what would happen if all of your skeletal muscles contracted at the same time.

Question 65

Of the four chambers of the human heart,which has the thickest walls,and why?

Question 66

What is the key step in spermatogenesis that allows for unlimited sperm production? This step is not present in oogenesis,and therefore only a finite number of eggs could be produced.

Question 67

Why can you not catch the same cold twice,but a new cold will make you sick for a week or two?