Deck 3: Assessment and Classification of Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

Dr.Heyer is a behavioral therapist working with a 10-year-old boy named Lee.The boy's parents and teachers complain that Lee is disobedient and unruly.What assessment method should Dr.Heyer use to most accurately assess the degree to which Lee is excessively active and disobedient?

A)personality testing
B)observation
C)interview method
D)questionnaire

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In what way is interviewing superior to observation alone?

A)In interviewing, assessors can notice the client's facial expressions, body posture, and dress.
B)In interviewing, the style or training of the assessor has little impact on the data collected.
C)In interviewing, assessors can collect data on the client's life history and personality.
D)Interviews are not subject to error.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A psychologist gives the same test to a client twice.The testings are separated by six days.If the test results are quite dissimilar, we could say that the test has weak ____.

A)test-retest reliability
B)interrater reliability
C)internal consistency
D)predictive validity

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following assessments illustrates the concept of reliability?

A)A test that measures depression and appears to have items that cover all the different symptoms of depression.
B)A test that measures counselor aptitude that, when given to prospective counselors, accurately predicts those who will and those who will not perform well in a counseling vocation.
C)A test that measures attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and accurately identifies children who currently have difficulty in the classroom.
D)A test that measures disordered eating behaviors and attitudes that yields similar scores when completed two weeks apart.

Question 5

A psychologist simply looking for any unusual behaviors when interacting with a client is indicative of ____.

A)psychological testing
B)structured interview
C)observation
D)neuropsychological assessment

Question 6

Dr.Miller, a clinical psychologist, observes that his client Jennifer is presenting with a disheveled appearance, constricted emotions, and is speaking slowly.Dr.Miller gathers this observational information of these expressions to determine ____.

A)future behavior
B)degree of intelligence
C)cultural differences
D)their association with personality traits or a disorder

Question 7

Professor Wapner wants to develop a new psychometric test of anxiety.He must be careful to have the various items on the test yield similar results to ensure that it will be high in ____.

A)interrater reliability
B)test-retest reliability
C)construct validity
D)internal consistency

Question 8

Which statement about psychodiagnosis is accurate?

A)It involves describing and drawing inferences about a person's psychological state.
B)It is the basis of research for a variety of psychological disorders.
C)It includes physical or biological causes for symptoms.
D)It is the last step in the treatment process.

Question 9

A psychologist notes that a female client is wearing a heavy wool sweater and cap on a hot summer day.The client walks with a limp and mumbles to herself.The psychologist should ____.

A)interpret these objective signs without regard to the individual's culture
B)conduct testing or interviewing and disregard the information about the client's appearance
C)assess the diagnostic significance of these observations with interview and other information
D)disregard these observations in order to make an unbiased assessment

Question 10

Dr.Peterson has collected clinical observations, neurological test data, psychological test scores, and interview material on Mrs.Davis.If Dr.Peterson is doing this for the purpose of drawing conclusions that will lead to a diagnosis of Mrs.Davis, we can infer that Dr.Peterson is ____.

A)a psychoanalyst
B)using reliable and valid measures
C)doing an assessment
D)using the DSM-IV-TR

Question 11

A clinician has collected data about a client based on observations, interview material, and psychological test results.As a first step in the treatment process, the clinician evaluates this information and formulates a(n)____.

A)psychodiagnosis
B)therapeutic plan
C)model
D)assessment instrument

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the standardized interview is most accurate?

A)It allows for consistent data to be collected across interviewees and are less subject to interviewers' biases.
B)It is an unstructured interview.
C)It allows interviewers to probe interviewees' responses in depth.
D)It often includes a list of open-ended questions.

Question 13

A psychologist wants to assess the construct validity of a new test.He can do so by showing that ____.

A)scores at Time 1 predict behavior at Time 2
B)all portions of the test produce similar results
C)the test results for a group correlate with related measures of a phenomenon
D)scores on the test are consistent over time

Question 14

When Dr.Wilson administers psychological tests, she strictly follows specific procedures.This refers to what aspect of test administration?

A)reliability
B)validity
C)norming
D)standardization

Question 15

Dr.Simon is observing several schizophrenic patients interact in a mental hospital ward.Which type of observation is Dr.Simon using?

A)diagnostic
B)naturalistic
C)analogue
D)controlled

Question 16

Gathering information on brain chemistry includes which of the following assessments?

A)psychological tests
B)neurological tests
C)interviews
D)observations

Question 17

A psychologist notices that a male client rarely makes eye contact and pulls at his ear when he seems nervous.What type of assessment is the psychologist doing?

A)observation
B)projective testing
C)structured interviewing
D)controlled testing

Question 18

A ____ provides therapists with distinct categories, indicators, and nomenclature for different patterns of behavior, thought processes, and emotional disturbances.

A)psychodiagnosis
B)psychometric examination
C)classification system
D)diagnosis

Question 19

What is the best description of assessment?

A)Making conclusions based on comprehensive information
B)Beginning treatment in order to judge the client's prognosis
C)Making a diagnosis using the DSM-IV-TR
D)Interviewing, without using psychological tests

Question 20

Dr.Frederick is developing a new test for eating disorders.She finds that people who score high on the test actually engage in more binge eating and other forms of abnormal eating behaviors than people who score low on the test.These results indicate that the test has ____.

A)good content validity
B)good criterion-related validity
C)high test-retest reliability
D)good internal consistency

Question 21

Nicole is shown a series of ambiguous pictures and is then asked to tell a story about each of them.If this is a psychological test, it is a ____.

A)self-report inventory
B)projective personality test
C)cognitive impairment test
D)mental status examination

Question 22

As discussed in the text, which of the following is a consideration when assessing characteristics using the mental status examination?

A)The treatment model used
B)Use of a highly unstructured interview
C)The interviewee's cultural background
D)Future achievements relative to people of the same age of the interviewee

Question 23

In which one of the following are inner motives and conflicts revealed by what is seen in inkblots and whether color plays a role in the responses?

A)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)
B)Structured Diagnostic Interview (SDI)
C)Rorschach Technique
D)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 24

Most clinicians agree that the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)is best used to ____.

A)assess intelligence
B)diagnose psychopathology
C)ascertain an individual's personality and motivational traits
D)assess imagination

Question 25

Most personality tests, with the exception of projective tests, share two characteristics: They are ____, and they ____.

A)objective; are unstructured
B)standardized; use norms
C)oral; focus on unconscious conflicts within the interviewee
D)given in naturalistic settings; are group-administered

Question 26

Psychoanalysts are interested in unconscious needs and motives.Therefore, they are most likely to use which of the following in assessing clients?

A)projective personality tests
B)self-report inventories
C)highly structured interviews
D)tests for cognitive impairment

Question 27

Dr.Rose, a clinical psychologist, is administering a battery of psychological tests to a client to gain insight into the client's current issues.If Dr.Rose is using the most popular measures, in addition to an assessment of intellectual achievement, she would also be doing a(n)____.

A)evaluation of personality psychopathology
B)neurological assessment
C)adaptive-functional behavior assessment
D)evaluation of occupational interests and skills

Question 28

Which of the following occurred in the revision of the MMPI into the MMPI-2?

A)The validity scales were removed.
B)The wording was refined and outdated items were eliminated.
C)What was previously an objective test became a projective test.
D)New scales were added to measure intelligence and creativity.

Question 29

Rose is being given a self-report inventory to assess her general personality traits.What kinds of questions or tasks is she likely to be given?

A)She will be asked to draw pictures of herself and the rest of her family members.
B)She will be asked to agree or disagree with statements such as "I am attractive" and "I sometimes feel shy."
C)She will be shown pictures of people and asked to write a story describing them and the situations they face.
D)She will be asked to answer arithmetic, vocabulary, and general knowledge questions.

Question 30

The goal of projective tests is to ____.

A)understand a single facet of a client's personality
B)put the client at ease so that other tests will be answered honestly
C)allow people to "project" their attitudes and personality characteristics
D)allow a client to express his or her conscious needs and motivations

Question 31

Which statement about the draw-a-person test is accurate?

A)Its purpose is to assess the individual's artistic skill.
B)It is considered a self-report inventory.
C)Research shows that it has very strong validity.
D)The size, position, and details of drawings are analyzed.

Question 32

What aspect of interviewing increases the consistency of assessment information?

A)Doing the interview in a naturalistic setting
B)Using projective techniques
C)Increasing the reactivity of the person being interviewed
D)Increasing the structure of the interview

Question 33

The TAT, a projective personality test, asks subjects to ____.

A)respond to inkblots
B)complete sentences
C)make up stories about pictures
D)answer direct questions about specific situations

Question 34

A psychologist says, "I'm going to show you some pictures.Please make up a story about what is going on in each picture, what led up to it, and how it will turn out in the end." What test is the psychologist administering?

A)TAT
B)Rorschach
C)WAIS-IV
D)MMPI-2

Question 35

These tests require test-takers to answer specific written questions.They are scored in a predetermined way, and scores are easily compared with those from a standardization sample.Which of the following fits the above description?

A)self-report inventories
B)psychodiagnostic tests
C)neuropsychological tests
D)projective personality tests

Question 36

A major concern about projective tests is that they ____.

A)are overly structured
B)demonstrate low reliability and validity
C)are too cumbersome to administer
D)are too expensive to include in most psychological assessments

Question 37

Dr.West is scoring a client's responses to a projective personality test using Exner's research-based system.Included in the scoring is whether the client's responses included color and perceived movement.Dr.West is scoring the ____.

A)WAIS-IV
B)TAT
C)MMPI-2
D)Rorschach

Question 38

Which of the following is a self-report inventory?

A)The MMPI-2
B)The TAT
C)The draw-a-person test
D)The Rorschach

Question 39

A widely used interview procedure is the ____ because it is a useful diagnostic tool that helps clinicians cover areas that are ordinarily not part of a clinical interview.

A)Rorschach technique
B)mental status examination
C)sentence-completion test
D)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Question 40

Which personality test includes ten clinical scales as well as several validity scales to check for faking, confusion, falsification, or other response patterns that may affect the outcome of the other scales?

A)Beck Depression Inventory
B)WAIS-IV
C)MMPI-2
D)TAT

Question 41

Unlike the Halstead-Reitan and the Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor tests, EEGs and MRIs are ____.

A)not administered to young children
B)used to assess organic brain damage
C)neurological medical procedures
D)valid and reliable measures

Question 42

Teachers in a school are interested in finding a psychological test that predicts future achievement and identifies individuals with strong social competence.Which statement best reflects what is known about the existence of such a test?

A)Few psychologists believe that there is a test that can do either of the things the teachers want.
B)Projective tests do a good job of predicting achievement; IQ tests predict social competence.
C)There is debate about whether IQ tests can predict achievement, but many psychologists agree they are poor at identifying social competence.
D)There is no doubt that IQ tests can predict achievement, and most psychologists agree they measure social competence as well.

Question 43

Although IQ tests are controversial, one thing is clear:

A)Test scores accurately predict the future achievements of people from a wide range of cultures.
B)IQ tests have poor reliability because they are not scored in a standardized way.
C)IQ tests measure innate, rather than learned, intelligence.
D)IQ test scores have been used in discriminatory ways.

Question 44

Pablo, age 17, has a serious speech impairment.To test him for intelligence, a psychologist would best use the ____.

A)Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor Test
B)WPPSI-III
C)Stanford-Binet test
D)WISC-IV

Question 45

A critic of personality inventories says, "These tests have no way of detecting faking or defensiveness in the individuals who take them.Worse, they never include norms for responses of people from different cultural groups." Which response to these criticisms is accurate?

A)The MMPI-2 has both of the features the critic says are absent.
B)The critic is correct about the problem of faking but not about norms from different cultures.
C)The critic is confusing the problems of projective tests with those of inventories.
D)Current research supports what the critic is saying.

Question 46

After his stroke, Aaron's clinical psychologist is most likely to assess ____.

A)his interest in physical activities he previously enjoyed
B)cognitive impairment resulting from brain damage
C)his vocational interests
D)his unconscious needs and motivations

Question 47

In utilizing MMPI scores, trained and experienced clinicians usually focus on ____.

A)single-scale interpretations
B)the DSM diagnosis derived from the individual's responses
C)the validity scores
D)the pattern of scores from an entire profile

Question 48

Jack is being tested for suspected brain damage by being shown designs made up of lines and dots.He is asked to copy the designs on a blank sheet of paper.Jack is taking which test?

A)Stanford-Binet
B)MMPI-2
C)Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor Test
D)WAIS-IV

Question 49

The ____ is an intelligence test appropriately administered to children ages six to sixteen.

A)WISC-IV
B)WAIS-IV
C)WPPSI-III
D)MMPI-2

Question 50

Mr.Nolan has been referred to a psychologist to be assessed for potential brain damage.The psychologist will undoubtedly look at how Mr.Nolan approaches intellectual tasks by evaluating ____.

A)Mr.Nolan's responses on a projective test
B)the discrepancy between Mr.Nolan's scores on verbal and performance subtests of the WAIS-IV
C)Mr.Nolan's patterns on the various scales of the MMPI-2.
D)the pattern of electrical activity in Mr.Nolan's brain as displayed by an electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 51

Which statement about the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery is accurate?

A)It is based on psychodynamic concepts.
B)It requires individuals to have CAT and PET scans taken.
C)It is both cost and time efficient to administer.
D)It assesses brain damage in children and adults.

Question 52

Why is the research of Herrnstein and Murray (1994)and Rushton and Jensen (2005)controversial?

A)The research has found no practical use for IQ tests.
B)The research suggests that racial differences on IQ scores are determined by heredity.
C)The research does not support any predictive validity of IQ tests.
D)The research questions whether current conceptions of IQ are adequate.

Question 53

Which of the following tests are typically used to assess brain damage?

A)Bender-Gestalt
B)MMPI-2
C)BDI
D)TAT

Question 54

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, in comparison to the WISC, is ____.

A)the preferred test for school-age children
B)the standard to which other tests are compared because of its long history, careful revision, and periodic updating
C)easier to administer and yields scores on different cognitive skills
D)is complicated in administration and scoring and requires considerable skill in use

Question 55

IQ scores reflect an individual's ____.

A)intelligence
B)social skills
C)level of performance relative to people of the same age
D)future achievements and behavior relative to people of the same age.

Question 56

A major criticism of IQ tests is that they ____.

A)reflect cultural and social factors rather than innate intelligence
B)are limited to assessing intelligence for children in the elementary grades
C)cannot be used to predict school performance
D)are not useful for detecting intellectual disability

Question 57

What is known about the relationship between IQ scores and physiological measures of brain function?

A)IQ scores are significantly correlated with neuropsychological test performance.
B)IQ scores are modestly correlated with neuropsychological test performance.
C)There is little if any correlation between IQ scores and neuropsychological test performance.
D)Physical measures of brain function are one of the best predictors of IQ scores.

Question 58

Which of the following indicates neurological impairment on the Bender-Gestalt Visual-Motor Test?

A)Certain errors in the geometric design copies.
B)IQ score significantly below the individual's level of performance relative to other people of the same age.
C)Interpretation of ambiguous stimuli that suggests neurological impairment.
D)Measured abnormalities in brain wave activity.

Question 59

Oscar is suspected of having brain damage.He is given more than ten psychological tests to assess memory, abstract concept formation, auditory perception, and attention.The whole testing process takes more than six hours.It is likely that Oscar was given the ____.

A)WAIS-IV
B)Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery
C)positron emission tomography (PET)test
D)MMPI-2

Question 60

A psychologist says, "The fixed alternatives for answers prevent test-takers from presenting a true picture of themselves." What kind of assessment tool is being criticized?

A)unstructured interviews
B)projective personality tests
C)naturalistic observation
D)personality inventories

Question 61

With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ____.

A)both the brain structures and changes in blood flow in different brain regions can be observed
B)a substance is injected into the patient's bloodstream and a scanner detects the substance as it is metabolized in the brain
C)electrodes are attached to the skull to record brain waves
D)beams of x-rays repeatedly scan different areas of the brain to produce a three-dimensional image

Question 62

Providing distinct categories for different patterns, indicators, and names of abnormal behavior is the goal of ____.

A)assessment
B)neuropsychological testing
C)a classification system
D)psychometrics

Question 63

Dr.Cohen says to her patient, "We believe there may be problems with the way your brain functions.We're going to do a test that uses a radioactive substance that we can trace as it's metabolized in your brain." What procedure is Dr.Cohen describing?

A)Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
B)PET scan
C)EEG
D)CAT scan

Question 64

One major problem with early versions of the DSM was that most DSM categories were purely descriptive.A second major problem was that ____.

A)validity and reliability were problematic
B)the criteria in each category were difficult to understand
C)it was based on a psychological model of illness
D)it attempted to include too much research

Question 65

Dr.Cooper says, "What abnormal psychology needs is a system of categories for different patterns of behavior that can be agreed on by all professionals." Dr.Cooper is asking for ____.

A)a valid method of assessment
B)a more reliable battery of psychological tests
C)ethical use of assessment
D)a reliable classification system

Question 66

A major criticism of previous versions of the DSM is the lack of clarity regarding differential categorization to reflect the distinction between major and less severe symptom states.How does the DSM-5 attempt to deal with this problem?

A)It utilizes dimensional ratings and inclusion of milder forms of disorders.
B)It has eliminated the five-axis concept in favor of a single diagnostic label.
C)The behavioral classification scheme incorporates a more cognitive approach to understanding mental disorders.
D)It lists the criteria to be used before making a diagnosis.

Question 67

The co-occurrence of different disorders whereby individuals who have one mental disorder also suffer from another is identified by the DSM as ____.

A)a comorbidity
B)a causal specifier
C)multiple disorders
D)overlapping disorders

Question 68

Another important mental health disorder classification system other than the DSM is ____.

A)the International Classification of Disease
B)the World Health Organization
C)the Character Strengths Classification System
D)the Cross-Cultural Classification System

Question 69

Which of the following is a common criticism of psychological testing?

A)Tests are always inaccurate and lead to serious misdiagnosis.
B)Testing is often conducted by individuals who lack the appropriate training.
C)Test results can be used in ways that hurt the client.
D)Test bias is likely when the administrator of a test is of the same culture as the test-taker.

Question 70

Norman was recently diagnosed with terminal cancer.When he meets with a therapist to deal with his depression, the therapist should ____.

A)focus primarily on the medical diagnosis, since that's the cause of Norman's depression
B)ignore the medical diagnosis and focus only on Norman's depression
C)consider the medical diagnosis to be a relevant to Norman's depression
D)view Norman's medical and depression diagnoses as mutually exclusive

Question 71

Which of the following statements regarding the validity of psychological and medical tests is accurate?

A)Psychological tests are less accurate than medical tests in detecting conditions.
B)Medical tests are less accurate than psychological tests in detecting conditions.
C)Medical and psychological tests are inaccurate in detecting conditions.
D)Psychological tests are as good or better than medical tests in detecting conditions.

Question 72

What can be said about the use of neurological techniques and psychological tests with regard to evaluating mental disorders?

A)Neurological techniques will eventually replace psychological tests.
B)Psychological tests provide more useful information than neurological techniques.
C)Both neurological techniques and psychological tests will soon be replaced by computerized assessments.
D)Using neurological techniques along with psychological tests increases diagnostic accuracy.

Question 73

Early studies of the DSM found that ____.

A)reliability was strong but validity was weak
B)there was low interrater reliability
C)it had high test-retest reliability
D)most of the diagnostic errors were associated with patients' reports

Question 74

What led to the development of the dimensional system in the DSM-5?

A)Dissatisfaction with the categorical model of previous DSMs.
B)High interrater reliability.
C)Disorders such as depression and anxiety disorder having distinctly different sets of symptoms.
D)A decrease in of identified psychological disorders since the DSM-III-R.

Question 75

A psychologist says, "The pictures that come from the testing are amazing-clear and detailed depictions of brain structures.Not only that, they do not require giving radioactive substances to patients." The psychologist is talking about a(n)____.

A)MRI
B)EEG (electroencephalograph)
C)PET scan
D)Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery

Question 76

Which of the following is accurate concerning the DSM-5?

A)All psychological disorders are listed on Axis I.
B)It lists the organic basis for every mental disorder.
C)It presents a social and interpersonal, rather than medical, approach to mental disorder.
D)It emphasizes a dimensional approach to diagnosis combined with acknowledgment that most disorders involve a continuum of symptom severity.

Question 77

Which of the following is a limitation of personality inventory assessment?

A)A fixed number of item alternatives can hinder individuals from presenting an accurate picture of themselves.
B)The validity of personality inventory assessments has not been established.
C)The reliability of personality inventory assessments has not been established.
D)Information gathered by personality inventory assessment rarely has diagnostic significance.

Question 78

Which statement below about DSM-5 is accurate?

A)It assumes that all mental disorders have a biological cause and are best treated with medication.
B)It indicates that symptoms experienced by individuals may vary in degrees in relations to the diagnostic disorders.
C)It has discarded the use of exact behavioral criteria for making a diagnosis.
D)It views mental disorders as being solely categorical in nature.

Question 79

Which of the following is a new category developed for the DSM-5 to reflect dimensional ratings of symptoms?

A)course of treatment
B)minor neurocognitive disorder
C)risk syndromes
D)prognosis

Question 80

A positive feature of the DSM-5 is that it ____.

A)continues to emphasize cross-cultural assessment issues
B)has omitted the casual specifiers associated with identified disorders
C)continues to rely on assessment that emphasizes deficits
D)has omitted the "behavioral addictions" category