Deck 11: Substance Use Disorders

Question 1

____ refers to episodic drinking involving five or more drinks on a single occasion for men and four or more drinks for women.

A)Binge drinking
B)Heavy drinking
C)Moderate drinking
D)Sporadic drinking

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The rate of illicit drug use is most prevalent among Americans who are ____.

A)males and young adults
B)of Asian ancestry
C)older adults
D)females

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An accurate definition of delirium tremens is ____.

A)a life-threatening withdrawal symptoms that can result from chronic alcohol use
B)a chronic alcohol intake of more than two drinks per day for men and more than one drink per day for women
C)a lower-risk pattern of alcohol intake (no more than one or two drinks per day)
D)a substance that causes a slowing of responses and generalized depression of the central nervous system

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Excessive drinking is especially problematic among those in college.According to research conducted by Sloane et al.(2010), ____.

A)10 percent of the college students polled reported binge-drinking and many reported drinking at least 6-9 days during the month
B)half the college students polled reported binge-drinking and many reported drinking at least 6-9 days during the month
C)75 percent of the college students polled reported binge-drinking and many reported drinking at least 6-9 days during the month
D)almost all college students polled reported binge-drinking and many reported drinking at least 6-9 days during the month

Question 5

Studies of genetic variation involving the DRD2 gene affecting dopamine indicates ____.

A)an increased risk for alcoholism, nicotine, cocaine, and opium dependence
B)environment is a stronger predictor of substance dependence than genes
C)no biological markers have been found yet that show a genetic link with addiction.
D)he relationship between genes and addiction is weak

Question 6

Which of the following categories of substances cause a slowing down of responses, feelings of relaxation, and lower interpersonal inhibitions?

A)depressants
B)stimulants
C)hormones
D)hallucinogens

Question 7

Sally is dependent on a drug that energizes her central nervous system and produces euphoria.It is likely that the drug is a ____.

A)depressant
B)stimulant
C)hallucinogen
D)painkiller

Question 8

Dwayne has been using heroin for two years.While visiting his mother, he decides to stop.When he stops using the drug, Dwayne experiences shaking, irritability, and an inability to concentrate because he is going through ____.

A)psychological dependence
B)tolerance
C)addiction
D)withdrawal

Question 9

Stewart is a musician and often takes "speed" before his performances to help give him an "edge." Recently he has found that when he hasn't had a performance for several days and thus has not taken "speed," he begins to feel fatigued and dragged out.He becomes high, agitated, and can't concentrate on his music.Stewart is demonstrating ____.

A)an addiction
B)symptoms of withdrawal
C)psychological dependence
D)tolerance

Question 10

Tolerance and withdrawal are the hallmarks of substance ____.

A)dependence
B)consumption
C)abuse
D)use

Question 11

Because the drug Kelly takes makes him feel calm, relaxed, and more sociable, we can guess that the drug is ____.

A)a depressant
B)a stimulant
C)an amphetamine
D)LSD

Question 12

Avery has been snorting cocaine for over a year.In his attempts to achieve a high that is as euphoric as his first (which he will never be able to do), he now needs increasingly greater amounts of the drug.This demonstrates ____.

A)physical dependence
B)withdrawal
C)tolerance
D)addiction

Question 13

Bess has been using Valium for two years even though it impairs her work performance and jeopardizes her safety because she often drives while intoxicated by the medication.She shows neither tolerance nor withdrawal.According to the DSM-V, Bess's drug use illustrates ____.

A)substance intoxication
B)substance dependence
C)substance abuse
D)substance-induced disorder

Question 14

Which statement is an accurate summary concerning drug use?

A)Only in recent years have people used chemicals to change their moods or levels of consciousness.
B)Throughout history, people have used chemicals to change their moods, behavior, and levels of consciousness.
C)All the chemicals used today to change people's moods are illegal.
D)The only reason people put substances into their bodies is to cure their illnesses.

Question 15

Psychoactive substances are substances that ____.

A)alter moods, thought processes, or other psychological states
B)are considered illicit drugs only
C)have dependence potential but not abuse potential in users
D)are available over-the-counter

Question 16

Which of the following is an accurate definition of physiological dependence?

A)state of adaptation that occurs after chronic exposure to a substance; can result in craving and withdrawal symptoms
B)use of psychoactive substances in a way that produces intoxication, delirium, and other cognitive disorders
C)use of psychoactive substances in a way that makes an individual dangerous to others in society
D)ailments arising from the use of psychoactive substances that affect the central nervous system and cause social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems

Question 17

In 2009, an estimated ____ met the criteria for a substance-use disorder at some time during the year.

A)22.5 million adolescents and adults
B)12.5 million adolescents and adults
C)5.2 million adolescents and adults
D)8.3 million adolescents and adults

Question 18

Jana has been diagnosed with substance abuse.Lyle has been diagnosed with substance dependence.According to the DSM-V, both of them must show ____.

A)withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not in the body
B)symptoms over a twelve-month period
C)another mental disorder such as depression or mania
D)tolerance to the drug's effects

Question 19

Approximately what percentage of Americans are alcohol dependent?

A)2
B)5
C)16
D)30

Question 20

Which of the following drugs is considered non-addictive?

A)LSD
B)cocaine
C)alcohol
D)opium

Question 21

Research conducted by Moss et al.(2010)suggests that among chronic heavy users of alcohol, ____ were most likely to remain dependent on alcohol.

A)individuals with psychiatric disorders and a family history of alcoholism
B)individuals who were heavy drinkers of alcohol in college
C)males
D)individuals who were divorced and unemployed

Question 22

City health departments are interested in reducing the number of cases of AIDS.Because AIDS can be transmitted through needle sharing, health departments are most probably concerned if they see an increase in the use of ____.

A)barbiturates
B)marijuana
C)crack cocaine
D)heroin

Question 23

Faye is in a treatment program in which she gets either a voucher or cash incentive for verified abstinence, adhering to treatment goals, or taking prescribed medication.This type of treatment is called ____.

A)motivational enhancement therapy
B)contingency management
C)cognitive-behavioral therapy
D)aversion therapy

Question 24

Dr.Applebaum says, "Contrary to popular belief, this substance actually functions to inhibit the central nervous system.At low doses it appears to cause disinhibition because the inhibitory centers of the brain are those first depressed.At high doses, this drug can cause unconsciousness and even death." What drug is Dr.Applebaum referring to?

A)alcohol
B)cocaine
C)nicotine
D)cannabis

Question 25

Due to the genetic make-up and physiology of Asians, the production of "clean-up" enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH)is ____, which may influence the low prevalence rates of alcoholism among Asians.

A)minimized
B)maximized
C)unaffected
D)neutralized

Question 26

Which statement about prescription opioids is accurate?

A)Research indicates more males than females are addicted to prescription opioids, and many turn to criminal activities to support their drug habit.
B)Research indicates dependency to prescription opioids rarely interferes with the dependent person's ability to maintain relationships and a career.
C)Research indicates tolerance to prescription opioids builds up very gradually and withdrawal effects are slight or nonexistent.
D)Research indicates many opioid-abusers began their habit with prescribed opioids, eventually buying prescription opioids illegally or trying heroin as a less expensive and even more lethal opioid.

Question 27

Mrs.Healy originally took this widely prescribed sedative medication to reduce anxiety and muscle tension.Now, however, she cannot deal with stress without using it, and she has developed a tolerance to it.What drug is she probably taking?

A)Antabuse
B)Valium
C)phencyclidine
D)caffeine

Question 28

Juan is feeling the negative physiological consequences of heavy, prolonged alcohol use.These effects probably include ____.

A)extreme hyperactivity and delusions of persecution
B)having flashbacks and hallucinating
C)withdrawal symptoms of headache, fatigue, sweating, body tremors, and mood changes
D)increased feelings of depression and anxiety

Question 29

Danielle's family is justifiably worried that her excessive use of a "downer" will lead to an accidental overdose and death.It further worries them that she often takes the drug with alcohol.Which drug are they probably concerned about?

A)phencyclidine
B)marijuana
C)amphetamine
D)barbiturate

Question 30

The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is ____.

A)caffeine
B)nicotine
C)marijuana
D)Valium

Question 31

Our bodies produce "clean-up" enzymes, including ____, to counteract toxins that build-up as alcohol is metabolized.

A)aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
B)glucose
C)testosterone
D)acetylcholine

Question 32

Natalie uses cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol on a daily basis and shows tolerance.She's been doing this for almost two years now.According to the DSM-V, she meets the criteria for ____.

A)multiple substance-induced cognitive disorder
B)alcoholism but not addiction to the other two drugs
C)cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol abuse
D)polysubstance use

Question 33

Which statement about alcohol consumption in the United States is accurate?

A)Women drink two to five times as much as men.
B)The heaviest drinking group is in the age range 28 to 35.
C)Males in all age groups are more likely to drink alcohol and engage in binge and heavy drinking compared to females.
D)Roughly 90 percent of all adults are drinkers.

Question 34

Which statement about alcohol consumption and ethnicity in the United States is accurate?

A)Asian Americans have the lowest levels of heavy and binge drinking.
B)The level of consumption is roughly the same across the cultural dimension of ethnicity.
C)Hispanic American women consume more alcohol than Hispanic American men.
D)Drinking alcohol is less common among European Americans than Asian Americans.

Question 35

A man with a blood alcohol concentration level of 0.50 percent is seen at a hospital.We can guess that this man is ____.

A)unconscious or dead
B)not an alcoholic
C)having trouble walking a straight line
D)feeling happy and uninhibited

Question 36

Codeine, heroin, and morphine all ____ derived from the ____.

A)stimulate the central nervous system; cannabis plant
B)stimulate the central nervous system; coca plant
C)depress the central nervous system; opium plant
D)depress the central nervous system; marijuana plant

Question 37

Frequently when alcohol is initially ingested, individuals report feeling "wild and excited." These feelings result because ____.

A)the absorption of alcohol is quite slow, allowing one's expectancies to control behavior initially
B)alcohol is a stimulant
C)alcohol inhibits the functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system, thus allowing the sympathetic nervous system free reign
D)alcohol depresses the inhibitory centers in the brain

Question 38

A health class videotape says, "This drug comes from opium and is really scary because after feeling relaxed and happy, you develop a tolerance quickly and need more.Because most people put it in their bodies with needles, there is an increased risk of getting AIDS.The withdrawal effects are awful." What drug is being described?

A)heroin
B)marijuana
C)LSD
D)crack cocaine

Question 39

Which statement about barbiturates is accurate?

A)They represent the largest category of illegal drugs.
B)Physical and psychological dependence can develop through use of barbiturates.
C)Nonmedical use of barbiturates is highest among adolescents.
D)Because their legal use is severely restricted, their limited availability makes it difficult to misuse or abuse.

Question 40

Among college students aged (18-24)each year, ____.

A)over 2.1 million drive under the influence of alcohol
B)100,000 are injured under the influence of alcohol
C)more than 1 million are assaulted by another student who has been drinking
D)200,000 are injured under the influence of alcohol

Question 41

Which statement concerning crack cocaine is accurate?

A)It is snorted through the nose.
B)It produces a slower but more pleasant euphoria than regular cocaine.
C)It is a form of cocaine that does not produce tolerance or withdrawal.
D)It is a more potent form of cocaine that is smoked.

Question 42

Betty has tried to stop using a particular drug permanently, but her attempts have been unsuccessful.When she stops using, she experiences irritability and difficulty concentrating.Even though she has emphysema, a serious physical disorder, she continues to use it.Surprisingly, it is a legal drug.To which drug is Betty probably addicted?

A)caffeine
B)alcohol
C)marijuana
D)nicotine

Question 43

The single most preventable cause of death in the United States is ____.

A)drunk driving
B)cigarette smoking
C)drug overdose
D)alcohol toxicity

Question 44

Bernie is a heavy marijuana user who has developed impaired memory and concentration abilities.Although Bernie finds it to be relaxing, he is extremely concerned regarding the consequences of his marijuana use.What is unusual about Bernie's case?

A)Most marijuana users are women.
B)Marijuana use rarely results in impaired memory and concentration.
C)Marijuana users tend to have a pervasive lack of concern regarding the consequences of marijuana use.
D)Marijuana is used for its stimulant effects.

Question 45

Which drug is associated with hallucinations, bad trips, and flashbacks?

A)LSD
B)amphetamine
C)marijuana
D)Valium

Question 46

Darryl, age 15, likes this drug because it is inexpensive, it produces an intense and immediate high, and, like cigarettes, it is smoked.The drug is ____.

A)PCP
B)crack
C)amphetamine
D)powder cocaine

Question 47

Almost 17 million adults and adolescents report current use of this substance in the United States, but it is illegal.It produces mild perceptual and sensory distortions, and it is usually smoked.It is called ____.

A)marijuana
B)cocaine
C)heroin
D)nicotine

Question 48

Mrs.Kowalski has cancer and glaucoma.To relieve her symptoms, she uses an illegal drug that she gets from her 18-year-old grandson.The drug is most likely ____.

A)heroin
B)phencyclidine
C)crack cocaine
D)marijuana

Question 49

When Russell is stressed, he takes cocaine because it slows his heart rate and makes him sleepy and hungry.He snorts the drug and is able to stop using it after a couple of uses.When the cocaine effects wear off, he feels depressed.What portion of Russell's substance use is likely?

A)It is likely that cocaine slows his heart rate.
B)It is likely that he will feel depressed after the cocaine effects wear off.
C)It is likely that he will become able to stop using after a couple of uses.
D)It is likely that cocaine makes him sleepy and hungry.

Question 50

A health teacher says, "Marijuana is a hallucinogen, although the DSM-V does not technically consider it one.Once the drug is taken, memory often is impaired.There are no medical uses for marijuana; it is strictly a recreational drug." Which part of the teacher's statement is accurate?

A)Marijuana is a hallucinogen.
B)There are no medical uses for marijuana.
C)Marijuana is strictly a recreational drug.
D)Once the drug is taken, memory often is impaired.

Question 51

The FDA banned pre-mixed, flavored alcoholic energy drinks and issued a warning that "the combination of caffeine and alcohol … poses a public health concern" because ____.

A)high levels of caffeine combined with alcohol mask cues regarding intoxication
B)high levels of caffeine combined with alcohol causes seizures
C)high levels of caffeine combined with alcohol causes "drunkorexia"
D)high levels of caffeine combined with alcohol are gateway activities leading to greater polysubstance use

Question 52

Timothy injected LSD intravenously.He experiences visual hallucinations and has developed a quick tolerance for the drug.In addition to the effects from LSD, Timothy has experienced fatigue and loss of inhibitions.What part of Timothy's case is usual?

A)LSD produces tolerance.
B)Side effects of fatigue and loss on inhibition are common with LSD.
C)Visual hallucinations are common with LSD.
D)LSD is generally injected, not taken orally.

Question 53

Research indicates that approximately ____ of those who use cocaine are rapidly dependent on the drug.

A)5%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 54

According to DiFranza (2007), the leading predictor of whether a teenager will become dependent on cigarettes and unable to quit is ____.

A)if the teen's friends also smoke
B)whether the teen felt relaxed immediately after taking the first puff
C)how easily the teen can get cigarettes
D)if the teen's parents smoke

Question 55

Dr.Wold cautions his class about amphetamine use.He says, "They speed up central nervous system activity, which can account for users' increased alertness, energy, and feelings of euphoria.They also increase appetite and sleep.However, they are not physically addictive and do not produce tolerance." Which part of Dr.Wold's statement is accurate?

A)Their use increases appetite.
B)They are not physically addictive and do not produce tolerance.
C)They speed up central nervous system activity.
D)Their use increases sleep.

Question 56

Which of the following drugs belongs in the sedative category?

A)amphetamine
B)caffeine
C)nicotine
D)benzodiazepine

Question 57

Carly has been having flashbacks, reexperiencing a "bad trip" she had two months ago.At that time she wound up in the hospital because she was having terrifying hallucinations.The drug Carly was using at that time must have been ____.

A)phencyclidine
B)LSD
C)heroin
D)crack

Question 58

The constant desire for cocaine, the high cost of the substance, and the need for increased doses to achieve a "high" can cause users to ____.

A)be prone to polysubstance use
B)work harder to maintain relationships and a career
C)be dangerous to others in society
D)resort to criminal activities to support their drug habit

Question 59

____ inhibits sleep, increases alertness, and speeds up central nervous system .It easily becomes habit forming, with rapid development of tolerance.Chronic users experience paranoid delusions and brain damage.

A)Amphetamine
B)Caffeine
C)Barbiturate
D)Heroin

Question 60

Which drug name is correctly paired with its general category of drugs?

A)morphine-stimulant
B)Valium-barbiturate
C)Valium-benzodiazepine
D)morphine-hallucinogen

Question 61

Alcoholism is more frequent for people in which socioeconomic class?

A)poverty
B)lower middle class
C)middle class
D)upper class

Question 62

Research conducted by Chalder and associates (2006)on adolescents with alcoholic parents indicated that ____.

A)these adolescents reported drinking heavily and drinking alone, with the goal of becoming intoxicated and forgetting problems
B)these adolescents reported having to take on adult responsibilities as children
C)these adolescents reported only moderate social drinking and never drinking alone, because they feared the negative consequences of excessive alcohol use they witnessed in their parents
D)these adolescents reported similar drinking patterns to adolescents with non-alcoholic parents

Question 63

Herschel was brought to the hospital by six policemen who struggled to keep him from acting violently.He had been smoking a mixture of marijuana and a particular drug.During his first several days in the hospital, Herschel was either suspicious and violent or fearful.He staggered when he walked and slurred his words.Herschel was probably using marijuana and what drug?

A)barbiturate
B)LSD
C)phencyclidine
D)heroin

Question 64

Stephanie met Sam at a rave.As they were talking, Sam put a drug into Stephanie's drink when she turned her head to talk to a friend.When she woke up the next morning, she found herself in bed with Sam and learned he had raped her the night before, although she had no memory of the assault.It is most likely that the drug Sam put into Stephanie's drink was ____.

A)ecstasy
B)MDMA
C)Rohypnol
D)LSD

Question 65

According to Walter (2001), progression from initial substance use to substance abuse follows a ____ sequence.

A)typical
B)atypical
C)haphazard
D)heterogeneous

Question 66

Personality characteristic of ____, associated with rebelliousness, novelty-seeking, risk-taking and impulsivity, increases risk of substance use.

A)behavioral undercontrol
B)extraversion
C)introversion
D)aggression

Question 67

Which negative consequence of using phencyclidine is most likely?

A)uncontrolled aggression
B)emphysema and lung cancer
C)AIDS
D)total tranquility and passivity

Question 68

It is likely that future research will find that ____ hold the key to further understanding the mechanisms involved in susceptibility to substance abuse.

A)epigenetic changes and networks of genes
B)individual genes
C)environmental factors
D)twin studies

Question 69

Andre is trying to abstain from using drugs.Which factors would be most likely to result in his relapse?

A)the fact that he was a light user
B)becoming strongly committed to succeeding in college
C)having a demanding job that requires his committed involvement
D)having begun his drug use at an early age

Question 70

The results of Sher et al.(2010)research on genetic and environmental factors involved in alcohol abuse found that ____.

A)genetic factors accounted for 56% of the risk of alcohol dependence while early environment made no significant contribution to risk
B)genetic factors accounted for 75% of the risk of alcohol abuse, the genetic contribution was much greater for females than males
C)genetic factors accounted for 55% of the risk of alcohol dependence while shared early environment made an 11% contribution to risk
D)genetic factors made no significant contribution to risk of alcohol dependence while early environment made accounted for 56% of the risk of alcohol dependence

Question 71

Risk of relapse following drug treatment is highest in which situation?

A)Within the first three months of treatment completion
B)When one is feeling very positive emotional states
C)When one is under social pressure
D)Several years after treatment has ended

Question 72

Researchers have found that major relapse among alcoholics trying to quit drinking is related to ____.

A)interpersonal conflicts
B)negative emotional states
C)positive emotional states
D)social pressure

Question 73

Molly heard that addiction may be due to changes in brain patterns and activity as a result of repeated drug use.When she asked her professor why this was so, he cited research by Brower (2006), which states that ____.

A)what she heard was only a myth and is not true
B)only individuals with familial alcoholism and drug addiction are likely to show these changes in brain patterns
C)the chronic flooding of dopamine from drug use eventually results in the depletion of dopamine and other neurotransmitters involved in stress and reward
D)the research is merely correlational and no one is certain why it happens

Question 74

Tom asks his professor why the debate about whether addiction is or is not a disease is so important.His professors is likely to respond, ____.

A)"The debate is not trivial because if addiction is a disease, addicts must totally refrain from any substance use at all; if it is not a disease, they could use substances in moderation."
B)"The debate is not trivial because insurance companies will only pay for rehabilitation and treatment if addiction is classified as a disease."
C)"The debate is not trivial because much more stigma is attached to addiction when it is seen as a disease."
D)"The debate is not trivial because much more stigma is attached to addiction when it were seen as being under a person's control rather than as a disease."

Question 75

Based on their drug and alcohol use research of adolescents, Van Gundy and Rebellon (2010)found that ____ predicts later substance use.

A)not having a high school diploma and being unemployed
B)low socioeconomic status
C)neglectful parents
D)being of European decent

Question 76

Which of the drugs has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties?

A)benzodiazepine
B)cocaine
C)Ecstasy or MDMA
D)heroin

Question 77

Which of the following best describes the interaction of drugs that multiply one another's effects when taken simultaneously?

A)synergistic effect
B)polysubstance effect
C)dopamine effect
D)intoxication effect

Question 78

In support of the assertion that addiction is a disease, Wollschlaeger (2007)indicates that ____.

A)recovering alcoholics must completely abstain from drinking because any consumption will set off the disease process
B)under the right conditions, alcoholics can learn to limit their drinking to appropriate levels
C)controlled drinking may work for some alcohol abusers
D)alcoholics have the ability to control only some aspects of what causes the disease

Question 79

The two main psychological motives for substance use appears to be ____.

A)coping with stress and emotional symptoms
B)sexual desire and aggression
C)anxiety and inhibition
D)hostility and depression

Question 80

Genetic influences that makes alcohol consumption aversive and thus reduces risk of alcoholism include the protective effects of ____.

A)gender
B)hormonal balance
C)variations in genes that produce ALDH enzymes
D)gene x environment interaction