Deck 15: A: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Which model includes the concept that abnormal behaviour is the result of a disease

A) psychological 
B) humanistic 
C) medical 
D) behavioural

Answer 1

 medical 

Question 2

Dr.Cueto believes that a psychological disorder like depression can be diagnosed and treated in a way that is like how you would treat a disease like diabetes.Which model of abnormal behaviour is reflected by Dr.Cueto's beliefs

A) medical 
B) psychodynamic 
C) behavioural 
D) deviance

Answer 2

 medical 

Question 3

Ben is not a very conscientious individual.He often sleeps late in the morning,and on mornings when he oversleeps,he usually just skips work.He has been fired from four jobs in the past year,but he is not concerned because he feels that there are lots of other jobs available.Which term best describes Ben's lack of dedication

A) personally distressing 
B) legally incompetent 
C) culturally deviant 
D) maladaptive

Answer 3

 maladaptive

Question 4

If you want to know how long an illness is expected to last or what to expect over the course of the illness,what do you need to know

A) etiology 
B) prognosis 
C) phenomenology 
D) diagnosis

Question 5

Thomas Szasz criticized the medical model.What was his major complaint

A) The model is not well understood by its practitioners. 
B) Behaviour patterns cannot be predicted from the medical model viewpoint. 
C) No evidence exists to support the effectiveness of medical treatments. 
D) Diagnosis reflects a moral judgment about what is socially unacceptable.

Question 6

What is a prognosis

A) plan for treating an illness 
B) distinction between two similar illnesses 
C) forecast about the probable course of an illness 
D) apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

Question 7

Summer has anorexia nervosa and is slowly starving herself to death.When friends or family tell her to seek professional help,she tells them that she feels fine.She can't understand why people won't just leave her alone.Which term best describes Summer's eating disorder

A) personally distressing 
B) delusional 
C) culturally deviant 
D) maladaptive

Question 8

Wendy works at Dyne Corporation.At the last business executive meeting,she showed up in pyjamas and slippers.When her co-workers commented on the inappropriateness of her outfit,Wendy did not seem the least bit disturbed or embarrassed by their comments.What is the best description for Wendy's style of dressing in this example

A) delusional 
B) personally distressing 
C) maladaptive 
D) deviant

Question 9

Dr.Underhill is reviewing the records from a patient who has just been referred for treatment.He is carefully considering the symptoms that have been documented and is attempting to identify the type of psychological disorder the individual is most likely to have.What is Dr.Underhill trying to create

A) diagnosis 
B) etiology 
C) histology 
D) prognosis

Question 10

Complete the following analogy: Diagnosis is to prognosis as _______.

A) etiology is to symptoms 
B) identification is to prediction 
C) why is to what 
D) ontogeny is to phylogeny

Question 11

Complete the following analogy: Diagnosis is to etiology as ____________.

A) what is to why 
B) when is to where 
C) why is to what 
D) what is to when

Question 12

What is the etiology of a disorder

A) the description of the symptoms 
B) the relationship among the symptoms 
C) the projected course or outcome of the disorder 
D) the apparent cause of the disorder

Question 13

With which model of abnormal behaviour are the terms "mental illness" and "psychopathology" most closely associated

A) humanistic 
B) learning 
C) psychodynamic 
D) medical

Question 14

Which statement best reflects the medical model

A) All physical illnesses have a psychological component. 
B) Abnormal behaviour can be thought of as a disease. 
C) All mental illnesses are caused by biological factors. 
D) All mental illnesses can be treated using drugs.

Question 15

What is the term for the apparent cause and development of an illness

A) Etiology 
B) epidemiology 
C) prognosis 
D) diagnosis

Question 16

Which terms describes behaviour that does not coincide with cultural norms

A) insane 
B) personally distressing 
C) maladaptive 
D) deviant

Question 17

Complete the following analogy: Prognosis is to etiology as __________.

A) why is to what 
B) outcome is to cause 
C) what is to why 
D) cure is to treatment

Question 18

Pius has just entered treatment for a major depressive episode.He is told that most patients respond to treatment within a month,and many never experience a second depressive episode.What does this information represent

A) histology 
B) prognosis 
C) etiology 
D) diagnosis

Question 19

Hamilton has embezzled over $3 million from the bank where he is employed as an executive loan officer.He feels no remorse for his actions,and he is looking forward to an early retirement in some South American country with no extradition agreement.Which term best describes Hamilton's criminal behaviour in this example

A) maladaptive 
B) legal insanity 
C) deviant 
D) personally distressing

Question 20

Dr.Provo is asking her newest client questions about his life history.She is particularly interested in any recent stressful events that the client may have experienced.What is Dr.Provo doing

A) developing a prognosis for her client 
B) trying to determine an appropriate diagnosis 
C) engaging in naturalistic observation 
D) trying to understand the etiology of her client's current illness

Question 21

Johanna was somewhat surprised when her study partner postponed a study session because he had an appointment with his psychotherapist.She said to a friend,"I have been working with Bill for several months now,and he has never shown any signs of a disorder." Johanna's comment suggests that she holds which inaccurate stereotype

A) People with psychological disorders are often dangerous. 
B) The mental health system has a bias toward seeing pathology in everyone. 
C) Psychological disorders are incurable. 
D) People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.

Question 22

What was demonstrated in Rosenhan's study using "pseudopatients"

A) Our mental health system is biased toward seeing mental illness in all potential patients. 
B) Most mental patients are extensively observed before an initial diagnosis is made. 
C) It is extremely difficult to successfully fake the symptoms of serious mental illness. 
D) Mental hospital staff spend a great deal of time interacting with patients.

Question 23

Depression and addiction are frequently comorbid.What does this mean

A) Addiction causes depression. 
B) If an individual is diagnosed with one, then he or she cannot also receive a diagnosis for the other. 
C) They are frequently diagnosed in the same individual. 
D) Depression causes addiction.

Question 24

Jeff has been diagnosed with both an anxiety disorder and a personality disorder.What term refers to this joint diagnosis

A) dual diagnosis 
B) bipathology 
C) comorbidity 
D) additive diagnosis

Question 25

The American Psychological Association has published a manual which categorizes and classifies psychological disorders to facilitate research and enhance communication amongst mental health professionals.What is this manual called

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 
B) Diagnostic and Therapeutic Manual of Mental Disorders 
C) Mental Disorders Classification Manual 
D) APA Manual of Mental Disorders and Therapies

Question 26

Rosa is the personnel director at Acme Enterprises.If she finds that an individual who has applied for employment has ever been treated for a psychological disorder,she doesn't consider that person for a job.She is concerned that the person will have another breakdown under the stressful conditions that exist at Acme Enterprises.Which stereotype is illustrated in this example

A) Psychological disorders are often over-diagnosed. 
B) All psychological disorders are incurable. 
C) People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways. 
D) People with psychological disorders are often dangerous.

Question 27

Kashi enjoys gambling so much that he does it every day,totally neglecting his family and job.Which criterion of abnormality does Kashi's behaviour satisfy most clearly

A) persistence 
B) maladaptive behaviour 
C) personal distress 
D) deviance

Question 28

The DSM-5 has been criticized for some of its changes.Which criticism is associated with the addition of diagnoses like disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A) It is too categorical. 
B) It is too dimensional. 
C) It pathologizes everyday life. 
D) It ignores the issue of comorbidity.

Question 29

With regard to psychological disorders,what does prevalence refer to

A) the percentage of a population that has ever been treated for a psychological disorder 
B) the reliability of the diagnosis of psychological disorders 
C) the absolute number of people who are experiencing any psychological disorder at a given point in time 
D) the percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period

Question 30

Treit's best friend was seriously injured in a car accident last month.Since that time,Treit has been attending all his classes,but he feels like he is unable to pay attention because he is constantly thinking about his friend.Treit finds he can't seem to think about anything else,and he is frequently overwhelmed by feelings of helplessness.Which term best describes Treit's feelings

A) culturally deviant 
B) personally distressing 
C) Delusional 
D) Compulsive

Question 31

What is the discipline that studies the incidence and distribution of disorders within a population

A) demography 
B) psychobiology 
C) epidemiology 
D) etiology

Question 32

What would you expect to find in the new DSM-5 that was not a feature of previous DSMs

A) a multiaxial system of diagnosis 
B) a hybrid of categorical and dimensional approaches 
C) greater consistency with the ICD-10 
D) a global assessment of functioning

Question 33

Many people believe that those with mental illness are violence-prone.Why is this belief common

A) There is a strong correlation between mental illness and violent tendencies. 
B) Violence involving people with mental illness receives a lot of media attention. 
C) Many people have personally been the victims of such violence. 
D) Violence becomes more common when people are institutionalized.

Question 34

Which statement best represents the meaning of the terms normal and abnormal as applied to psychological disorders

A) Mentally healthy people always experience normal behaviours. 
B) There is no such thing as normal or abnormal. 
C) Abnormality and normality exist on a continuum. 
D) People are either normal or abnormal and it is up to a clinical psychologist to make that judgment.

Question 35

When Erskine found out that his daughter's teacher had once been treated for a psychological disorder,he insisted that his daughter be transferred to a different class.He was concerned for her safety and tried to have the teacher fired.What stereotype is illustrated in this example

A) Psychological disorders often go unrecognized. 
B) Psychological disorders are incurable. 
C) People with psychological disorders are often dangerous. 
D) People with psychological disorders behave in bizarre ways.

Question 36

Which statement highlights one of the concerns in modern day regarding the medical model as a framework for understanding mental illness

A) Patients are viewed with less sympathy and more hatred and fear than previous models. 
B) It has not brought about any improvements in the treatment of the mentally ill. 
C) It tends to apply labels to people which often carry a social stigma and result in discrimination. 
D) The medical model has contributed nothing towards the human treatment of the mentally ill.

Question 37

In the new version of the DSM,the DSM-5,what was a significant change compared to DSM-IV

A) removal of the multiaxial system of diagnosis while taking a categorical approach 
B) removal of diagnostic categories while taking a multiaxial approach 
C) addition of the dimensional approach 
D) addition of severity ratings

Question 38

Corrina constantly experiences feelings of dread and despair.Lately,she finds that she is thinking more and more about committing suicide so that she can end her feelings of desperation and hopelessness.Which term best describes Corrina's feelings of dread and despair

A) signs of incompetence 
B) delusions 
C) personally distressing 
D) culturally deviant

Question 39

The DSM-5 has two separate classes of mood disorders.What are these classes called

A) bipolar and related disorders and depressive disorders 
B) cyclothymic disorder and dysthymia 
C) depressive disorders and dysthymia 
D) disruptive mood disorders and bipolar disorder

Question 40

What would you study if you were an epidemiologist

A) treatments for psychological disorders 
B) distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population 
C) how cultural values affect judgments of abnormality 
D) sudden "epidemics" involving specific mental or physical disorders

Question 41

Which condition is characterized by recurrent,intense,and sudden and unexpected onset of anxiety

A) panic disorder 
B) paranoid disorder 
C) post-traumatic stress disorder 
D) phobic disorder

Question 42

What has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies of psychological disorders

A) There has been a significant decrease in prevalence rates of mental illness in Canada in recent years. 
B) Psychological disorders are more common than many people realize. 
C) Epidemics involving psychological disorders are common. 
D) Lifetime prevalence rates are lower than standard prevalence rates.

Question 43

Which disorder is characterized by free-floating anxiety

A) phobic disorder 
B) panic disorder 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 44

Which symptom is NOT associated with generalized anxiety disorder

A) trembling 
B) dizziness 
C) delusions 
D) diarrhea

Question 45

Elise is so terrified of enclosed places that she had to quit her new job because her office had no windows.She knows that her fear is irrational,but she can't seem to control her anxiety.Which disorder is most consistent with Elise's symptoms

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
B) phobic disorder 
C) conversion disorder 
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 46

David Rosenhan conducted a classic study in 1973 to investigate the question whether it was plausible to believe that there were sane individuals being held in psychiatric institutions What was his method

A) The method used by Rosenhan was called the 'psychiatric dilemma'. 
B) Rosenhan interviewed over 300 psychiatric patients to evaluate their sanity. 
C) He arranged for normal people to go to the hospital and complain of hearing voices. 
D) He arranged for abnormal or mentally ill people to get admitted to hospital and then see how long it took them to get better and be released.

Question 47

What has been experienced by nearly one-third of students,according to the results of questionnaire studies of Canadian university students

A) post-traumatic stress disorder 
B) phobias 
C) depression 
D) panic

Question 48

Ankha is so terrified of fire that she cannot light a match or even enjoy dinner by candlelight.If Ankha has a phobia,what is she likely to experience in the presence of fire

A) compulsive behaviours like counting 
B) free-floating anxiety about a variety of things at the same time 
C) physical signs of anxiety like trembling 
D) loss of consciousness

Question 49

Damian has brief attacks of overwhelming anxiety in which his heart pounds and he can't control his breathing.He never knows when the next attack will occur.Which disorder is most consistent with Damian's symptoms

A) post-traumatic stress disorder 
B) phobic disorder 
C) schizophrenia 
D) panic disorder

Question 50

Charlie cannot tolerate heights.When walking up several flights of stairs,he breaks out in a cold sweat,shakes,and believes he is going to fall and seriously injure himself.Consequently,Charlie avoids any type of height at all costs.Which disorder is most consistent with Charlie's symptoms

A) somatoform disorder 
B) generalized anxiety disorder 
C) phobic disorder 
D) panic disorder

Question 51

Selena constantly thinks about climbing up the stairs to the roof of her building and jumping into the street below.These thoughts bother her,and she wishes they would stop.What is illustrated by this example

A) obsession 
B) delusion 
C) compulsion 
D) hallucination

Question 52

Jim came home from the office trembling,irritable,unable to concentrate,experiencing shortness of breath,and worrying about money and his business.Which disorder is most consistent with these symptoms

A) generalized anxiety disorder 
B) phobic disorder 
C) minor psychotic break 
D) major depression

Question 53

What is the major difference between a phobic disorder and a generalized anxiety disorder

A) Only the generalized anxiety disorder depends on past conditioning. 
B) A phobic disorder is more severe and more difficult to treat. 
C) Anxiety is specific to one object or situation in a phobic disorder but is "free floating" in generalized anxiety disorder. 
D) Generalized anxiety disorder occurs primarily in men, and phobic disorders occur primarily in women.

Question 54

Which anxiety disorder is associated with chronic dread,pessimism,worrying,and brooding

A) panic disorder 
B) phobic disorder 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 55

What fear is most prominent in agoraphobia

A) closed spaces 
B) spiders 
C) heights 
D) going out to public places

Question 56

What percentage of the population will experience a psychological disorder at some time in their lives

A) less than 10 percent 
B) 15 to 25 percent 
C) approximately 50 percent 
D) greater than 60 percent

Question 57

What is the term for an unwanted thought that repeatedly intrudes upon an individual's consciousness

A) hallucination 
B) delusion 
C) compulsion 
D) obsession

Question 58

Doris feels terrified every time she leaves her house and avoids doing so whenever possible.What is most consistent with Doris's experience

A) agoraphobia 
B) social phobia 
C) generalized anxiety disorder 
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 59

Tak feels like he has been worrying constantly for the past four months.He is worried about making his car payments,losing his job,and how his children are doing in school.He has also started to experience dizziness and occasional heart palpitations.Which disorder is most consistent with these symptoms

A) panic disorder 
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
C) generalized anxiety disorder 
D) hypochondriasis

Question 60

Which disorder is characterized by worry and fear,muscle tension,trembling,faintness,and difficulty in concentrating

A) conversion disorder 
B) dissociative disorder 
C) paranoid disorder 
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 61

What does a concordance rate indicate

A) agreement rates between physicians in diagnosing psychological disorders 
B) the degree to which biological factors affect psychological adjustment 
C) the percentage of pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder 
D) the degree to which psychological factors affect physical health

Question 62

Cherie's children were killed in an automobile accident,which Cherie survived.When police question her about the events surrounding the accident,Cherie is unable to remember anything.She remembers getting into her car to drive her children to school,and she remembers her trip by ambulance to the local hospital,but everything in between is a complete "blank." Which disorder is most consistent with Cherie's experience

A) anterograde amnesia 
B) dissociative fugue 
C) dissociative amnesia 
D) panic disorder

Question 63

If you presented the sentence "Quinton was thinking about the upcoming fall," which interpretation would most likely come from someone with an anxiety disorder

A) Quinton must be delusional. 
B) Quinton will hurt himself when he falls. 
C) Quinton is anticipating autumn. 
D) Quinton is sad that summer is over.

Question 64

What is the term used to describe the behaviour of checking your alarm clock 20 times before going to sleep

A) compulsive 
B) obsessive 
C) amnesiac 
D) phobic

Question 65

Frank witnessed a horrible car accident but cannot remember anything about it.Which disorder is associated with Frank's experience

A) conversion disorder 
B) dissociative amnesia 
C) psychosis-induced repression 
D) dissociative fugue

Question 66

Trish has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.What is the lifetime risk that her identical twin will also develop an anxiety disorder

A) 5% 
B) 35% 
C) 65% 
D) 95%

Question 67

Ali has a psychological disorder,and her doctor has prescribed a drug that affects the levels of GABA in her nervous system.What type of disorder is Ali most likely being treated for,based on this information

A) dissociative 
B) anxiety 
C) somatoform 
D) schizophrenic

Question 68

Michenne was giving a presentation to her class when suddenly the roof collapsed.Michenne was not injured herself,but she watched helplessly as her classmates were pinned under mounds of rubble.She saw horrific injuries,and several of her classmates were killed in the accident.If Michenne develops symptoms of a mental disorder,what disorder is it most likely to be

A) post-traumatic stress disorder 
B) panic disorder 
C) nonspecific phobia disorder 
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 69

Kate constantly thinks about jumping in front of an oncoming car when she is walking.The only way she seems to be able to stop these self-destructive thoughts is to recite a cheerful poem over and over to herself.Which disorder is most consistent with Kate's symptoms

A) generalized anxiety disorder 
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
C) panic disorder 
D) specific phobia

Question 70

Approximately what proportion of the population has experienced post-traumatic stress disorder

A) 7% 
B) 27% 
C) 45% 
D) 75%

Question 71

What is a primary symptom associated with hoarding disorder

A) hallucinations about acquiring new items 
B) anxiety associated with getting rid of items 
C) depression associated with clutter 
D) delusions of persecution or grandeur

Question 72

According to Seligman's concept of "preparedness," which stimuli should one develop a phobia toward most easily

A) heights 
B) rabbits 
C) feet 
D) chairs

Question 73

Ramsay is being treated for a psychological disorder.As part of her treatment program,she is taking medication that alters the activity of serotonin synapses.Which type of disorder is she likely being treated for

A) panic 
B) somatoform 
C) personality 
D) schizophrenic

Question 74

What does Seligman's concept of "preparedness" refer to

A) a biological predisposition to be easily conditioned to fear certain things 
B) the physical state or condition associated with a panic attack 
C) psychological processes that accompany obsessive-compulsive behaviour patterns 
D) a particular type of learning situation in which negatively reinforced behaviours reduce the level of anxiety

Question 75

What often precedes the development of a panic disorder

A) onset of puberty 
B) a period of significant stress 
C) a traumatic or life-threatening experience 
D) a weakened immune system

Question 76

Abnormalities in certain neural circuits have recently been implicated in panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders.Which neurotransmitter is used in those defective circuits

A) dopamine 
B) acetylcholine 
C) endorphin 
D) serotonin

Question 77

How are phobic responses acquired and then maintained,according to Mowrer

A) They are acquired by classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning. 
B) They are acquired and maintained by operant conditioning. 
C) They are acquired and maintained by classical conditioning. 
D) They are acquired by operant conditioning and maintained by classical conditioning.

Question 78

Grayson seems to be preoccupied with the possibility that he might miss an important message from someone in his family.He checks for new messages on his phone every 15 minutes.Which term best describes this checking behaviour

A) compulsion 
B) obsession 
C) hallucination 
D) delusion

Question 79

Chantal has an extensive collection of comic books.In fact,her collection is so large that she uses two rooms in her house to store all of her comics.She keeps them in a series of perfectly labelled boxes.She stops at the comic book store every week to get new issues,and she decided to spend her savings on some antique comics rather than taking a vacation.Chantal's family doesn't like her collection and thinks that she wastes a lot of time and money on it.Does Chantal meet the diagnostic criteria for hoarding disorder

A) Yes, because her behaviour meets the deviance criterion. 
B) Yes, because her family is distressed by her behaviour. 
C) No, because hoarding disorder is not an official disorder in the DSM. 
D) No, because her collection does not cause clutter or safety concerns.

Question 80

Jack thinks constantly about dirt and germs.He washes his hands hundreds of times a day.Which disorder is most consistent with Jack's behaviour

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
B) phobic disorder 
C) somatization disorder 
D) illness anxiety disorder