Deck 10: Memory Disorders

Question 1

The method of vanishing cues:

A)is used to study confabulation in Korsakoff's syndrome.
B)uses the spared metamemory ability of amnesiacs to help them learn a new skill.
C)pre-supposes the presence of anasognosia.
D)uses the spared implicit memory of amnesiacs to help them learn new skill.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Repetition priming means that:

A)if an item is repeated enough times it will be encoded even in anterograde amnesiacs.
B)presentation at an earlier time can affect performance later on that same word, even in anterograde amnesiacs.
C)priming occurs before presentation of words to amnesiacs.
D)retrograde amnesia usually precedes anterograde amnesia.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which skill was intact in H.M.despite his strong amnesia?

A)He could learn new facts at a rate similar to an age-matched control.
B)He showed equivalent implicit memory to an age-matched control.
C)He showed equivalent explicit memory to an age-matched control.
D)He could learn new events from his life at a rate similar to an age-matched control.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

H.M.became amnesic when:

A)his hippocampus was surgically removed.
B)he suffered a closed head injury in an auto accident.
C)he suffered a stroke.
D)he nearly drowned.

Question 5

Which area of the brain is associated with anterograde amnesia?

A)the hippocampus
B)V1 or Area 17
C)the anterior cingulate
D)the pineal body

Question 6

Patient JB has a deficit in the acquisition of new information.However, his intelligence is intact, he is aware of his memory deficit, and he is able to converse coherently.Your diagnosis?

A)Korsakoff's syndrome
B)frontal lobe pathology
C)amnesic syndrome
D)Capgrass syndrome

Question 7

In most cases, amnesia refers to:

A)an improvement in memory brought about by employing mnemonic techniques.
B)an acquired deficit in memory brought about by trauma to the brain.
C)a developmental disorder that affects encoding into memory.
D)the terminal states of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 8

Which of these areas of the brain is associated with anterograde amnesia?

A)the papillary mass
B)the pons
C)Broca's area
D)the fornix

Question 9

Anterograde amnesia refers to:

A)deficits in remembering events from the past.
B)deficits in working memory tasks.
C)an inability to form new memories.
D)the release of proactive inhibition.

Question 10

Which is not a symptom of the amnesic syndrome?

A)deficits in learning of new information
B)anterograde amnesia
C)damage to hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe
D)impaired language abilities

Question 11

Clive Wearing became amnesic because:

A)he suffered a severe stroke.
B)he suffered a bout of viral encephalitis.
C)of Korsakoff's disease.
D)of Capgrass syndrome.

Question 12

In implicit memory tasks, patients with amnesic syndrome show:

A)huge deficits, in fact, bigger deficits than they show in explicit memory.
B)little to no repetition priming in word fragment completion.
C)that they can attempt these tasks, but their performance is limited by the amnesia.
D)normal repetition priming in word fragment completion.

Question 13

The failure to become aware of a cognitive deficit is known as:

A)Ferrell's amnesia
B)Anosognosia
C)Alzheimer's syndrome
D)encoding specificity

Question 14

Which of these is impaired in the amnesic syndrome?

A)intelligence
B)language production
C)learning of new information
D)retrieval of old information

Question 15

Which is not a common cause of amnesia?

A)strokes
B)auto accidents
C)hypnotism
D)Alzheimer's disease

Question 16

Which of the following was symptomatic of H.M.'s amnesia?

A)impaired implicit memory
B)severe anterograde amnesia
C)childhood amnesia
D)source monitoring confusions

Question 17

The effect of benzodiazepines on memory is:

A)limited to working memory only.
B)permanent-once these drugs are used, memory performance will always be impaired.
C)linked to impairments in language production.
D)temporary-once the drug wears off, the amnesic effects wear off.

Question 18

Unlike H.M., Clive Wearing showed severe:

A)retrograde amnesia.
B)deficits in language production.
C)anosognosia.
D)symptoms of Capgrass syndrome.

Question 19

The category of drugs known as benzodiazepines simulate which form of amnesia?

A)psychogenic amnesia
B)anomic amnesia
C)frontal lobe syndrome
D)anterograde amnesia

Question 20

Medved (2007) interviewed a number of patients with anterograde amnesia with the goal of understanding what it was like to be amnesic.She found that:

A)few, if any, amnesiacs are aware of their memory deficits.
B)amnesiacs seldom understand the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
C)amnesic patients engage in a number of compensatory behaviors to limit the impact of their amnesia in conversations with others.
D)amnesic patients seldom prefer repetition priming to other methods of eliciting implicit memory.

Question 21

Which is the most salient symptom of transient global amnesia?

A)an inability to perform working memory tasks
B)strong anterograde amnesia
C)source monitoring deficits
D)a failure to use metamemory

Question 22

Patient KC in Toronto has been studied because:

A)he has no access to any information in episodic memory.
B)despite massive head injuries, his memory performance improved.
C)he is the only known patient with deficits in implicit and procedural memory but not episodic memory.
D)his spatial memory shows heuristic distortions.

Question 23

Which of these is likely to occur in frontal lobe amnesia?

A)deficits in lexical memory
B)reduplicative paramnesia
C)source monitoring failures
D)opaque sensory deficits

Question 24

Which form of amnesia refers to the inability to retrieve old memories following brain damage?

A)transient global amnesia
B)retrograde amnesia
C)psychogenic fugue
D)the amnesic syndrome

Question 25

Deficits in temporal ordering (that is, memory for time) are associated with which form of amnesia?

A)Transient global amnesia
B)Frontal lobe amnesia
C)Aphasic amnesia
D)Temporal lobe amnesia

Question 26

Korsakoff's disease is linked with which other disease?

A)heart disease
B)clinical depression
C)alcoholism
D)temporal-lobe epilepsy

Question 27

Which two forms of amnesia are associated with confabulation?

A)Alzheimer's and psychogenic amnesia.
B)Anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
C)Korsakoff's disease and frontal lobe amnesia.
D)Reduplicative paramnesia and Transient global amnesia.

Question 28

ECT (electroconvulsive shock therapy) is used to treat severe depression.What effect does it have on memory?

A)No effect; this is why it useful for treating depression.
B)It induces symptoms similar to retrograde amnesia.
C)It recreates the symptoms of Korsakoff's disease.
D)It causes symptoms similar to Alzheimer's disease.

Question 29

Patient DP is a 32-year-old auto accident victim.He has mild amnesia, but his brain damage caused changes in personality including issues with anger and depression.He has a hard time keeping track of his schedule.Because Patient DP has little awareness that his brain damage is causing him trouble, he makes little effort to compensate for his amnesia.Your diagnosis?

A)early onset Alzheimer's
B)amnesic syndrome
C)implicit memory amnesia
D)Ffontal lobe amnesia

Question 30

Dissociative amnesia refers to:

A)when only the traumatic event or events closely related to that trauma are not remembered.
B)when the patient forgets his or her personal identity in addition to access to their autobiographical past.
C)when the patient shows dissociations between explicit and implicit memory.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Ribot's law means that new memories are copied by older memories.
B)Ribot's law means the newer memories will be more affected by retrograde amnesia than older memories.
C)Ribot's law implies that not all people can suffer from amnesia.
D)Ribot's law means that retrograde amnesia will affect memories equally across the lifespan.

Question 32

Korsakoff's disease results from:

A)damage induced by hypoxia.
B)damage induced by closed-head injuries.
C)genetic abnormalities.
D)a vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency.

Question 33

Retrograde amnesia is sometimes a function of:

A)damage to the pons and medulla.
B)a symptom of hemi-field neglect.
C)temporal-lobe epilepsy.
D)survival processing.

Question 34

Short-term memory amnesia was first studied by Shallice and Warrington (1970), studying a patient known by the initials, K.F.The patient showed:

A)impaired performance on digit spans.
B)impaired performance on word-stem completion.
C)impaired performance on source monitoring tasks.
D)impaired memory on levels of processing tasks.

Question 35

Reduplicative paramnesia describes an unusual condition in which:

A)patients believe that places or locations have been duplicated and that the two locations exist simultaneously.
B)patients come to believe that other people have been duplicated and that two sets of identical people may exist.
C)patients no longer have a sense of self.
D)patient only remember information presented to the right hemisphere.

Question 36

Korsakoff's disease is associated with damage to which area of the brain?

A)amygdala
B)corpus callosum
C)angular gyrus
D)diencephalon

Question 37

The effects of transient global amnesia:

A)are permanent, hence the name "transient."
B)wear off usually within a few hours and all that is left is small window of retrograde amnesia.
C)tend to accumulate over time as the onset is never sudden.
D)mimic the effects of Alzheimer's though in a much shorter time frame.

Question 38

Retrograde amnesia is seen after concussions because the blow to the head is thought to interfere with which process?

A)consolidation
B)effervescence
C)post-traumatic reconstruction
D)amnesic inhibition

Question 39

Which of the following is not seen in Korsakoff's disease?

A)anterograde amnesia
B)retrograde amnesia
C)confabulation
D)lexical memory deficits

Question 40

Transient global amnesia is most common in which age group?

A)young children
B)adults around the ages of 50 to 60
C)the oldest old, typically people in their 90's
D)young adults, as it is associated with alcoholism

Question 41

The earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease usually relate to:

A)the person notices that they can no longer speak fluently.
B)the person notices changes in their personality.
C)the person finds that they are forgetting things.
D)an MRI reveals structural damage in the brain.

Question 42

Repetition priming means that if an item is repeated enough times it will be encoded even in anterograde amnesiacs.

Question 43

Dissociative amnesia refers to:

A)when only the traumatic event or events closely related to that trauma are not remembered.
B)when the patient forgets his or her personal identity in addition to access to their autobiographical past.
C)when the patient shows dissociations between explicit and implicit memory.
D)a rare form of reduplicative paramnesia.

Question 44

ECT (electroconvulsive shock therapy) is used to treat severe depression.It recreates the symptoms of Korsakoff's disease.

Question 45

Psychogenic amnesia:

A)refers to only those amnesia which are not reversible.
B)refers to amnesia caused by developmental disruptions of brain anatomy.
C)refers to those forms of amnesia which do not occur psychologically.
D)covers all forms of amnesia that are not directly linked to disruption or injury to the brain.

Question 46

Which of the following are considered the signs of early stage of Alzheimer's disease?

A)global aphasia, anosognosia, and hemifield neglect
B)deficits in autobiographical memory and decision-making errors
C)retrograde amnesia, confabulation, and source monitoring deficits
D)deficits in episodic memory, mild anterograde amnesia, and lexical retrieval difficulties

Question 47

Alzheimer's is associated with lifelong involvement in intellectually challenging activities.

Question 48

Amnesia refers to the inability to retrieve new memories following brain damage.

Question 49

What are the physical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease?

A)dense amyloid plaques form throughout the cortex
B)breakdowns in subcortical regions of the brain
C)massive cell death in the parietal lobe
D)broken connections between the left and right hemisphere

Question 50

Reduplicative paramnesia describes an unusual condition in which patients come to believe that other people have been duplicated and that two sets of identical people may exist.

Question 51

Patient AM is recovering from a stroke in a hospital in Berlin, Germany.The patient has no history of mental illness, but insists that she is actually in a hospital in her hometown of Manchester, England.When asked as to why all the doctors and staff are speaking German, patient AM cannot explain it, but is insistent that she is in England.Your diagnosis?

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)schizophrenia
C)short-term memory amnesia
D)reduplicative paramnesia

Question 52

Dissociative fugue refers to:

A)when only the traumatic event or events closely related to that trauma are not remembered.
B)when the patient forgets his or her personal identity in addition to access to their autobiographical past.
C)when the patient shows dissociations between explicit and implicit memory.
D)a rare form of reduplicative paramnesia.

Question 53

The papillary mass area of the brain is associated with anterograde amnesia.

Question 54

Research on reduplicative paramnesia indicates that the neurological damage is in the Amygdala.

Question 55

Unlike amnesias due to brain damage, psychogenic amnesia sometimes involves:

A)deficits in working memory.
B)deficits in emotional processing.
C)changes in personality.
D)loss of personal identity.

Question 56

Source monitoring failures are likely to occur in frontal lobe amnesia.

Question 57

Schacter's describes the patient Lumberjack who suffered from psychogenic amnesia.In this case,

A)the patient had permanent brain damage.
B)the patient eventually recovered his memory and his identity.
C)the psychogenic fugue was caused by Korskakoff's disease.
D)the patient admitted that the whole affair was a hoax.

Question 58

The drugs that have been effective at alleviating symptoms of early Alzheimer's disease target acetylcholine receptors throughout the cortex.

Question 59

In implicit memory tasks, patients with amnesic syndrome show normal repetition priming in word fragment completion.

Question 60

Capgrass syndrome describes an unusual condition in which:

A)patients believe that places or locations have been duplicated and that the two locations exist simultaneously.
B)patients come to believe that other people have been duplicated and that two sets of identical people may exist.
C)patients no longer have a sense of self.
D)patient only remember information presented to the right hemisphere.

Question 61

Retrograde amnesia is seen after concussions because the blow to the head is thought to interfere with the effervescence process.

Question 62

The area of the brain associated with anterograde amnesia is the ______ area.

Question 63

Korsakoff's disease and frontal lobe amnesia are two forms of amnesia that are associated with confabulation.

Question 64

______ global amnesia is most common in the 50-60 adult age group.

Question 65

How does Confabulation affect amnesic patients?

Question 66

Retrograde amnesia is seen after concussions because the blow to the head is thought to interfere with the ______ process.

Question 67

Dissociative amnesia refers to when the patient shows dissociations between explicit and implicit memory.

Question 68

______ fugue refers to when the patient forgets his or her personal identity in addition to access to their autobiographical past.

Question 69

Describe the relationship of Frontal syndrome to amnesia.

Question 70

Describe Capgras Syndrome.

Question 71

Explain Transient global amnesia.

Question 72

Explain Ribot's Law.

Question 73

______ amnesia covers all forms of amnesia that are not directly linked to disruption or injury to the brain.

Question 74

Unlike H.M., Clive Wearing showed severe symptoms of Capgrass syndrome.

Question 75

______ disease is associated with damage to the diencephalon area of the brain.

Question 76

Medved (2007) interviewed a number of patients with anterograde amnesia with the goal of understanding what it was like to be amnesic.She found that patients engage in a number of compensatory behaviors to limit the impact of their amnesia in conversations with others.

Question 77

______ amnesia refers to the inability to retrieve old memories following brain damage.

Question 78

The most salient symptom of transient global amnesia is strong ______ amnesia.

Question 79

______ syndrome describes an unusual condition in which patients come to believe that other people have been duplicated and that two sets of identical people may exist.

Question 80

In implicit memory tasks, patients with ______ syndrome show normal repetition priming in word fragment completion.