Deck 13: Kinship and Other Forms of Grouping

Question 1

The historical Maori were known as great:​

A)​agriculturalists
B)​seafarers
C)​commercialists
D)​hunters

Answer 1

​seafarers

Question 2

Kinship is best described as:​

A)a network of relatives within which an individual works to obtain all material possessions
B)a network of relatives within which an individual possesses certain rights and obligations
C)​a social network that serves as the foundation for institutional arrangements within a society
D)​an extended family that cooperates on all social tasks and works together to defend territory

Answer 2

a network of relatives within which an individual possesses certain rights and obligations

Question 3

An extended unilineal kinship group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor is called a:​

A)​clan
B)​phratry
C)​descent group
D)​lineage

Answer 3

​clan

Question 4

In patrilineal descent, a woman belongs to the descent group of her:​

A)​father and her children
B)​father and brothers
C)​mother and sisters
D)​children and husband

Question 5

Under patrilineal descent, which of the following would not be included in EGO's patriline?​

A)​paternal grandfather
B)​mother
C)​father's sister
D)​sister

Question 6

Today, those who claim Maori ancestry number approximately:​

A)​2.7 million
B)​193,000
C)​7,500
D)​600,000

Question 7

In what country do we find the Maori?​

A)​Trobriand Islands
B)​New Zealand
C)​Papua New Guinea
D)​Australia

Question 8

A common feature of matrilineal descent groups is a weakness in the tie between:​

A)​wife and sons
B)​siblings
C)​husband and wife
D)​wife and daughters

Question 9

Which of the following problems is usually best dealt with through household organization in industrial societies?​

A)​communal work coordination
B)​allocation of natural resources
C)​nuclear family childrearing
D)​group defense

Question 10

The Maori were colonized by the:​

A)​English
B)​Spanish
C)​Dutch
D)​French

Question 11

In nonindustrial societies, the most common way of meeting needs such as resource allocation, law enforcement, and societal functions is through the:​

A)​clan system
B)​political system
C)​religious system
D)​kinship system

Question 12

Which is the rarest form of descent?​

A)​bilateral descent
B)​ambilineal descent
C)​double descent
D)​matrilineal descent

Question 13

A lineage is always associated with each of the following except:​

A)​It is a group of people claiming descent from a common ancestor.
B)​It is a group composed of nuclear families.
C)​It is a unilineal kin group.
D)​It is a group among whom kinship can be stated exactly.

Question 14

Which of the following establishes descent group membership exclusively through the male or the female line?​

A)​bilineal descent
B)​matrilineal descent
C)​kinship
D)​unilineal descent

Question 15

In matrilineal descent groups, the children of a family belong to the descent group of their:​

A)​mother's brother
B)​father's brother
C)​father
D)​father's grandmother

Question 16

Descent groups are:​

A)​based on residence rules
B)​strict clan memberships
C)various nonkin institutions
D)​based on a common ancestor

Question 17

Any kinship group with a membership lineally descending from a real historical or fictional common ancestor is called a:​

A)​lineage group
B)​descent group
C)​phratry
D)​collateral kinship

Question 18

Maori geneticist Adele Whyte used what kind of research material to ascertain the number of women in the original founding of Aotearoa ("land of the long white cloud")?​

A)​paternity DNA sequencing
B)​oral traditions and memories
C)​serology tests
D)​mitochondrial DNA

Question 19

With which of the following could we reasonably expect a mythological ancestry?​

A)​household
B)​extended family
C)​lineage
D)​clan

Question 20

What is the most common restrictive characteristic for membership in a descent group?​

A)​gender
B)​place of origin
C)​occupation
D)​religion

Question 21

Which of the following is not a distinction between clans and lineages?​

A)​residential unity
B)​unilineal descent
C)​strong association with symbolism
D)​the depth of demonstrated ancestry

Question 22

Which of the following is not a named and recognized kinship system?​

A)​Sudanese
B)​Eskimo
C)​Nigerian
D)​Aranda

Question 23

Which of the following statements about kinship is incorrect?​​

A)​Kinship terminology systems vary considerably across cultures.
B)​Kinship terminology systems reflect the positions individuals occupy within their respective societies.
C)​Factors such as gender and genealogical differences are distinguished but are not emphasized in kinship systems.
D)​Kinship systems are ways of organizing people who are relatives into different kinds of groups.

Question 24

Symbols from which some clan groups claim mythical origin and common descent are called:​

A)​matrix symbols
B)​matriclans
C)​totems
D)​diasporas

Question 25

What relative do people of kindred have in common?​​

A)​the focal person reckoning kinship
B)​an unidentified ancestor
C)​mother and father
D)​mother

Question 26

In kindreds, EGO shares the same relatives with which individual?​​

A)​aunt
B)​daughter
C)​mother
D)​sister

Question 27

"Kindred" is frequently associated with what mode of subsistence?​

A)​industrialism
B)​foraging
C)​pastoralism
D)​horticulture

Question 28

With which type of descent is Eskimo terminology most associated?​​

A)​bilateral
B)​double
C)​ambilineal
D)​unilineal

Question 29

Which form of descent would you expect in a society in which the matrilineal and patrilineal groups both own productive resources?​

A)​double descent
B)​ambilineal descent
C)​unilineal descent
D)​bilateral descent

Question 30

Which kinship terminology system uses the least number of kinship terms?​

A)​Hawaiian
B)​Eskimo
C)​Aranda
D)​Sudanese

Question 31

The clan results from:​

A)​descent group formation
B)​lineage fission
C)​extended family
D)​lineage fusion

Question 32

The Chinese Han, the dominant ethnic group in the country, practice what form of descent?​

A)​matrilineal
B)​patrilineal
C)​bilateral
D)​ambilineal

Question 33

When a society is divided into two large descent groups, each group is called a:​​

A)​moiety
B)​clan
C)​phratry
D)​lineage

Question 34

The central person from whom the degree of each relationship is traced is referred to by the term:​

A)​kindred
B)​ancestor
C)​totem
D)​EGO

Question 35

The Eskimo kinship system emphasizes the nuclear family. Which of the following is not part of the nuclear family?

A)​grandmother
B)​mother
C)​father
D)​EGO

Question 36

In which type of society would you expect patrilineal descent to be predominant?​

A) ​foraging
B) ​horticultural
C)​ horticultural
D) ​agricultural

Question 37

A unilineal descent group composed of at least two clans that share a supposedly common ancestry is called a:​

A)​phratry
B)​moiety
C)​lineage
D)​tribe

Question 38

In what kinds of societies do we primarily find the Eskimo system of kinship terminology?​

A)​industrial and foraging
B)​pastoral and industrial
C)​horticultural and agricultural
D)​foraging and pastoral

Question 39

Why are clans usually represented by symbols such as totem poles?​

A)​Because they use the same surnames, they use symbols as a way of marking territory in common.
B)​Because they lack residential unity, they use symbols for common identification.
C)​Because they are often groups that speak different languages and have different customs, this is their point of common identity.
D)​They use symbols as a way of creating cultural status that has symmetry with natural class divisions.

Question 40

Derived from the French word for "half," these divisions are what each of two major descent groups within a society are called:

A)​moiety
B)​phratry
C)​clan
D)​lineage

Question 41

Under Iroquois terminology, which individuals are not called mother and father?​

A)​mother's sister
B)​father's brother
C)​mother
D)​mother's brother

Question 42

In industrial societies, where individuals are often separated from their kin, we tend to find a proliferation of:​

A)​common-interest associations
B)​occupational categories
C)​social castes
D)age sets

Question 43

The Shriners organization in the United States is an example of a(n):​​

A)​common-interest association
B)​age grade
C)​age set
D)​caste

Question 44

How many castes are there in India?​

A)​2,000
B)​1,500
C)​5
D)​4

Question 45

The greatest of changes associated with the formation of community in the digital age is the possibility of forming community across:​

A)​geographical region
B)​age
C)​social class
D)​gender

Question 46

All of the following are true statements except:​

A)​Age sets may possess property in common.
B)​Age sets are formally established groups.
C)​Members of an age set usually remain closely associated throughout their lives.
D)​Age grades are symbolically more marked than age sets.

Question 47

The untouchable caste in India includes approximately what percentage of the Indian population?​

A)​29
B)​3
C)​16
D)​36

Question 48

Which of the following statements about grouping by age is correct?​

A)​Social position in society is marked only by status and not outward appearance.
B)​Age groups are based solely on social constructions.
C)​All human societies recognize and demarcate universal life stages.
D)​Grouping by age is a cultural universal.

Question 49

The fifth and lowest category of Hindu castes is the:​

A)​Sudras
B)​Dalit
C)​Brahman
D)​Kshatriyas

Question 50

Under Iroquois terminology, offspring of parental siblings of the same sex are referred to as:​

A)​descent cousins
B)​true cousins
C)​parallel cousins
D)​cross-cousins

Question 51

Which of the following factors affect a person's position in society all over the world (universally)?​

A)​age and occupation
B)​social class and occupation
C)​sex and social class
D)​age and sex

Question 52

The Jewish bar mitzvah is an example of an:​

A)​age set
B)​age grade
C)​age group
D)​age class

Question 53

The Hindu caste system is based on the sacred text known as:​

A)​​The Laws of Manu
B)​Bagavad Ghita
C)​​Manor Castes
D)​Hindu Vedas

Question 54

Hindu castes are distinguished by:​

A)​religious status and symbolic class
B)​occupation and symbolic status of purity
C)​age and occupation
D)​symbolic status of purity and social class

Question 55

At what age do Mundurucu boys leave their mother's household and begin to live in the men's house?​

A)​13
B)​21
C)​12
D)​18

Question 56

In what year was the world's first test-tube baby produced?​

A)​1976
B)​1978
C)​1982
D)​1987

Question 57

The gen-Xers (born between 1961 and 1980) are classified as a(n):​

A)​age grade
B)​common-interest association
C)​phratry
D)​age set

Question 58

Caste-structured societies are examples of:​

A)​open-class societies
B)​immobile societies
C)​closed-class societies
D)​traditional societies

Question 59

Which kinship terminology reflects the absence of strong unilineal descent?​

A)​Eskimo
B)​Hawaiian
C)​Crow
D)​Omaha

Question 60

Under Hawaiian terminology, which individual is not called brother or sister?​

A)​mother's brother
B)​sister
C)​mother's sister's son
D)​father's brother's daughter

Question 61

Apartheid was associated with each of the following except:​

A)​repression and discrimination
B)​achieved status
C)​Western influence
D)​institutionalized racism

Question 62

The Gulabi Gang works for:​

A)​economic justice for minority groups in the United States
B)​gender equity between men and women worldwide
C)​social mobility in feudal European societies
D)​social justice for "untouchable" women in India

Question 63

Descent groups are most related to a society's superstructure.​

Question 64

Under matrilineal descent, women hold exclusive authority.​

Question 65

The African captives that were unearthed in New York City had arrived to New York during the:​

A)​18th century
B)​17th and 18th centuries
C)​18th and 19th centuries
D)​16th century

Question 66

Societies that permit a great deal of mobility are called:​

A)​open-class societies
B)​mobile societies
C)​closed-class societies
D)​nontraditional societies

Question 67

Which of the following statements is incorrect?​

A)​Social class rankings do not always correlate with economic status.
B)​Status symbols are indicative of social class or hierarchy.
C)​Social institutions protect those who are at the lowest social ranking.
D)​Political ideology is used to maintain stratification in a society.

Question 68

Historically, European stratified societies with closed social classes functioned similarly to that of the Indian caste system. Their castes were called:​

A)​feuds
B)​peons
C)​varnas
D)​estates

Question 69

What kinds of evidence did Michael Blakey unearth in association with the skeletons he found in New York City?​

A)​evidence of significant social mobility
B)​evidence of intermarriage with aboriginal Americans
C)​evidence of the institution of slavery
D)​evidence of improved life after immigration

Question 70

Which Hindu grade is the lowest in the caste system?​

A)​Kshatriya
B)​Sudra
C)​Brahmans
D)​Dalits

Question 71

A lineage normally involves four to six generations.​

Question 72

The degree of mobility in a stratified society such as Hindu India is tied to:​

A)​family organization
B)​class statuses
C)​religious organization
D)​occupation classes

Question 73

In what year did apartheid officially "begin to end" in South Africa?

A)​2012
B)​1992
C)​1957
D)​1943

Question 74

​The most common way of tracing descent group membership is through religious practice.

Question 75

All of the following are symbolic indicators of social class except:​

A)​recreation
B)​occupation
C)​wealth
D)​gender

Question 76

Which of the following statements is incorrect?​

A)​Untouchables become part of this group because of their chosen occupation.
B)​Untouchables are segregated in Indian society.
C)​Untouchables constitute a large pool of cheap available labor.
D)​Untouchables are associated with the filth of society.

Question 77

Greater mobility is generally associated with a:​

A)​nontraditional family
B)​nuclear family
C)​extended family
D)​polygamous family

Question 78

The harijan, or "children of God," are also known as:​

A)​Brahmans
B)​Vaisyas
C)​Dalits
D)​Kshatriya

Question 79

Group membership in patrilineal societies is held by the father and his wife's family.​

Question 80

What symbol did Michael Blakey find associated with the African burial ground in New York City?​

A)​partula, meaning special and dignified by God
B)​sankofa, meaning spiritual connection with the past
C)​cristowka, meaning special one of the lineage
D)​trestina, meaning liberty and freedom in the future