Deck 12: Sex Marriage and Family

Question 1

The worldwide epidemic of HIV/AIDS has had:​

A)​no impact on worldwide sexual behavior
B)​little impact in societies with few sexual restrictions
C)​great impact especially in sexually restrictive societies
D)​relatively little impact in sexually restrictive societies

Answer 1

​relatively little impact in sexually restrictive societies

Question 2

Public displays of same-sex affection are still highly controlled in the United States. In which arena are they most publicly tolerated?​

A)​political rallies and events
B)​weddings and funerals
C)​sports games and events
D)​parades and carnivals

Answer 2

​sports games and events

Question 3

​In which society were brother-sister marriages frequent among farming classes?

A)​ancient Egypt
B)​colonial America
C)​19th-century Hawaii
D)tribal New Guinea

Answer 3

​ancient Egypt

Question 4

What percentage of known societies has rules requiring that sexual involvement take place only within marriage?​

A)​55
B)​35
C)​5
D)​15

Question 5

Under Sharia law, women found guilty of having sexual relations outside of marriage were sentenced to:​

A)​wearing a letter on their attire
B)​exile
C)​death
D)​social ostracism

Question 6

Among Christian colonists in 17th- and 18th-century New England, adultery by women often led to:​

A)​flogging
B)​social ostracism
C)​death
D)​exile

Question 7

According to early anthropologists, the primary purpose of exogamy was to promote:​

A)​social alliance
B)​sexual control
C)​healthy children
D)​urbanization

Question 8

Why do some Papua New Guinea societies prescribe male-to-male sexual acts?​

A)​It is a way to prevent young men from becoming homosexuals.
B)​It is used to help men become more fertile and able to reproduce sons for a large kindred.
C)​It is an initiation rite meant to make men strong enough to withstand heterosexuality.
D)​It is a puberty ritual in which young men are taught how to perform sexual acts prior to marriage.

Question 9

How do Trobrianders proclaim their intentions to marry?​

A)​They stand together in front of the young man's house.
B)​They stand together in front of the young woman's house.
C)​They go together to speak with the young man's father.
D)​They go together to speak with the young woman's father.

Question 10

Trobriand Island children begin playing erotic games around the age of:​

A)​4 to 5 years
B)​12 to 13 years
C)​7 to 8 years
D)​10 to 12 years

Question 11

​What is a mehndi?

A)a bride kidnapping practiced until recently in Kyrgyzstan
B)​the wedding eve henna party attended by the bride and her friends in India
C)​a puberty ritual carried out for young males in the Trobriand Islands
D)​an aboriginal marriage ceremony in Australia

Question 12

According to strict Judeo-Christian law, as prescribed in the Book of Leviticus, adultery was punishable by:​

A)​incarceration
B)​flogging
C)​social ostracism
D)​death

Question 13

Sexual relations, marriage, and family are all considered by anthropologists as:​

A)​residence patterns
B)​incest taboos and prohibitions
C)​technological artifacts
D)​social constructs

Question 14

Most societies include in the incest taboo a prohibition against sexual relations between all of the following except:​

A)​siblings
B)​father and child
C)​mother and child
D)first cousins​

Question 15

Why are there much higher percentages of Pakistani first-cousin marriages in Britain than in Pakistan?​

A)​because immigration restrictions to Britain are eased when one is marrying a British citizen
B)​because Pakistani families in Britain have not acculturated to life there and cannot create viable social alliances
C)​because immigrants in Britain do not routinely interact with those outside of their communities and are unable to meet marriage partners
D)​because the amount of dowry needed for a Pakistani marriage is too high for other British citizens

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding first-cousin marriage?​

A)​It roughly doubles the risk of birth defects or infant mortality.
B)​It triples the genetic risks to unborn children.
C)​It produces significantly healthier children.
D)It has no detectable difference in birth defects from non-cousin marriage.

Question 17

Which of the following statement is true?​

A)​Most societies are neither exogamous nor endogamous.
B)​A society that is highly developed is exogamous.
C)​A society that has sexual restriction can be classified as endogamous.
D)​A society may have both exogamous and endogamous rules.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about incest is most accurate?​

A)​Just as marriage in various forms is found in all cultures, so is the incest taboo.
B)​There are essentially two incest taboos found in different cultures.
C)​There is only one incest taboo found in all cultures.
D)​Every religion has only one incest taboo.

Question 19

Social rules and meanings of human sexual behavior are governed by:​

A)​households
B)​hormones
C)​biology
D)​culture

Question 20

In the United States, approximately what percentage of children under 18 years has been involved in incestuous relations?​

A)​16 to 18
B)​20 to 27
C)​1 to 2
D)​10 to 14

Question 21

Which form of residence is traditional among urban, upper-middle-class Indian couples?​

A)​patrilocal
B)​matrilocal
C)​neolocal
D)​bilocal

Question 22

Which of the following is true of dowry in India today?​

A)​It is prohibited by law in India.
B)​It is only conducted as bride service today.
C)​Gift exchange is common in addition to dowry.
D)​Dowry is now associated with both males and females.

Question 23

What is the official position of the Mormon Church in regard to polygamy?​

A)​It is openly encouraged in the press and from the pulpit.
B)​It is not an officially approved practice.
C)​It is required.
D)​It is accepted in certain cases in which the husband can provide well for his family.

Question 24

In India, arranged marriages are:​

A)​never practiced
B)​always practiced
C)​still somewhat common among certain social classes
D)​extremely common among the lower castes

Question 25

What is the primary advantage of fraternal polyandry in Tibet?​

A)​It creates a ready labor force and keeps land holdings together.
B)​It allows for a maximum number of children for a labor force.
C)​It provides wives to men who would not otherwise be married.
D)​It addresses the skewed and unequal sex ratio that exists in Tibet.

Question 26

During what time period were first-cousin marriage prohibitions developed in the United States?​

A)​15th century
B)​21st century
C)​18th century
D)​19th century

Question 27

Why does the number of monogamous marriages often exceed polygynous ones in cultures where polygyny is preferred?​

A)​social sanctions against this practice
B)​insufficient household wealth
C)​illegal status of marriages
D)​lack of men available in society

Question 28

When co-wives are sisters, it is called​​

A)​sororal marriage
B)​sororal monogamy
C)​sororal polyandry
D)​sororal polygyny

Question 29

What is the great "myth" that is commonly held in North America regarding the reason for the establishment of a taboo against first-cousin marriage in the United States?​

A)​It is a religious prohibition and against biblical law.
B)​It decreased the chances for the family to extend social alliances.
C)​It would incite feuding within the nuclear family.
D)​It would cause significantly increased numbers of birth defects.

Question 30

Marriage in which a man has more than one wife at the same time is called:​

A)​serial monogamy
B)​polyandry
C)​polygamy
D)​polygyny

Question 31

​A patrilateral parallel-cousin marriage is between a man and his:

A)​mother's brother's daughter
B)​father's brother's daughter
C)​father's son's daughter
D)​father's father's daughter

Question 32

In most polygynous societies, women:​

A)​have bargaining power and some independence
B)​are extremely subordinated
C)​enjoy equal status with men
D)​are in the highest social positions

Question 33

The simultaneous marriage of several brothers to a single wife is called:​

A)​fraternal polyandry
B)​fraternal monogamy
C)​fraternal polygyny
D)​fraternal polygamy

Question 34

All of the following are forms of marriage except:​

A)​polygyny
B)​serial monogamy
C)​sororal polyandry
D)​polygamy

Question 35

Patrilateral parallel-cousin marriages were historically and traditionally favored among all of the following except:​

A)​ancient Israelites
B)​ancient Greeks
C)​Romans
D)​Arabs

Question 36

Group marriage is also known as:​

A)​co-marriage
B)​horde marriage
C)​cohabitative household
D)​general marriage

Question 37

Which of the following statements about marriage prohibitions in the United States is correct?​

A)​Consanguineous unions (fist-cousin marriage) show an increase of more than 8 percent in predicted birth defects of offspring.
B)​Cousin prohibitions in marriage were enacted by law in the United States long before genetic research began.
C)​Inbreeding was considered a sign of family viability and success in the United States in the early 1900s.
D)​There is a lower risk of birth defects in offspring from women who are older than 50 years than in first-cousin marriages.

Question 38

Which of the following societies is traditionally polyandrous?​

A)​English colonists
B)​Samoan Islanders
C)​Trobriand Islanders
D)​Nyimba of Nepal

Question 39

​Polygyny is favored by approximately what percentage of the world's cultures?

A)​20
B)​40
C)​60
D)​80

Question 40

What do we call the type of marriage in which each partner has just one spouse, but marries partners in succession?​

A)​monogamy
B)​polyandry
C)​polygamy
D)​serial monogamy

Question 41

Which of the following is considered primarily responsible for raising children among the Inuit?​

A)​siblings only
B)​the extended family
C)​the wife in a nuclear family
D)​all adult members of the community

Question 42

The basic residential unit where economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing, and shelter are organized is called the:​

A)​household
B)​family
C)​conjugal unit
D)​marriage

Question 43

All of the following are considered assets in a woman-woman marriage among the Nandi except:​

A)A barren woman is able to divorce her first husband.
B)​A barren woman obtains sons for inheritance.
C)​Each woman obtains a higher status than would be otherwise.
D)​The female husband is less harsh and demanding.

Question 44

Among the Nandi, which person is considered a "female husband"?​

A)a barren woman who contracts the marriage
B)a fertile woman who enters into woman-woman marriage
C)a husband of a barren woman
D)​male lovers of a fertile woman

Question 45

According to a cross-cultural survey of 192 families, the most common family is:​

A)​nuclear
B)​extended
C)​conjugal
D)​polygamous

Question 46

​An Israeli kibbutz is an example of a:

A)​household
B)​conjugal family
C)​consanguineal family
D)​nuclear family

Question 47

On an anthropological kinship chart, women are designated by a:​

A)​circle
B)​square
C)​single line
D)​double line

Question 48

In India, arranged marriages try to match for all of the following except:​

A)​class
B)​caste
C)​subcaste
D)​gender

Question 49

Among the Mundurucu, until the age of 13 all children live exclusively with their:​​

A)​grandparents
B)​both mothers and fathers
C)​fathers and older brothers
D)​mothers and younger siblings

Question 50

​When a man marries his father's brother's daughter, property is:

A)​transferred to the woman's father
B)​retained in the groom's male line
C)​reaccessioned in the woman's mother's line
D)​reassigned to the groom's paternal grandfather

Question 51

Which of the following is a significant reason for lower divorce rates prior to 1800 in Western societies?​

A)​for more material possessions and more children in marriages
B)​due to a high mortality rate
C)​because men and women did not argue as much as they do now
D)because women were more valuable than they are now

Question 52

Which of the following arguments is not commonly used against same-sex marriage?​

A)​It is not representative of traditional marriage.
B)​It indicates support for gays and gay lifestyle.
C)​It destroys the social and economic basis of society.
D)​It does not produce children.

Question 53

What is the rationale for bridewealth in a patrilineal society?​​

A)​The wife is expensive to maintain and the groom must be compensated.
B)​The wife's family will lose her labor and reproductive capacity.
C)​The wife's family negotiates a better marriage with a high bridewealth.
D)​The wife's children will drain resources from her husband's family over time.

Question 54

On an anthropological kinship chart, siblings are marked with a:​

A)​single horizontal line
B)​double vertical line
C)​slash mark
D)​circle

Question 55

In the United States, what percentage of families is considered to be "nuclear" today?​

A)​20
B)​60
C)​45
D)​90

Question 56

​A woman's share of parental property is called:

A)​dowry
B)​bride-price
C)​bridewealth
D)​maternal inheritance

Question 57

In which American Indian group can a woman divorce her husband by placing his belongings outside of the door?​

A)​Mattaponi
B)​Pamunkey
C)​Crow
D)Hopi

Question 58

Families that are established through marriage are called:​​

A)​nuclear
B)​conjugal
C)​for monetary profit
D)​blended

Question 59

The United States' custom of the bride's family paying for the wedding expenses is:​

A)​bride service
B)​bride-price
C)​dowry
D)​bridewealth

Question 60

The marriage of a woman to her father's sister's son is called:​

A)​matrilateral cross-cousin marriage
B)​matrilateral parallel-cousin marriage
C)​patrilateral cross-cousin marriage
D)​patrilateral parallel-cousin marriage

Question 61

All societies have rules to govern sexual behavior.​

Question 62

Approximately how many young people does China have in its migrant labor force today?​

A)​53 million
B)​71 million
C)​114 million
D)​213 million

Question 63

Sexually restrictive societies are in a worldwide minority.​

Question 64

In the United States, new reproductive technologies and open adoption have contributed to the rise of:​

A)​polygamous families
B)​extended families
C)​nuclear families
D)​blended families

Question 65

Among Trobriand Islanders, sexual relations are not permitted before marriage.​

Question 66

Cohabitation households are composed of:​

A)​migrant workers
B)​adopted families
C)​unmarried couples
D)​two or more nuclear families

Question 67

Which is not a residence pattern?​

A)​neolocal
B)​ambilocal
C)​matrilocal
D)​sanguilocal

Question 68

All of the following are considered nontraditional families except:​

A)​blended families
B)​single-parent households
C)​extended families
D)​cohabitation households

Question 69

What percentage of U.S. households are now single-parent households?​

A)​5
B)​10
C)​15
D)​25

Question 70

Horticultural societies where political organization is relatively uncentralized and cooperation among women is important are often associated with which type of residence pattern?​

A)​matrilocal
B)​patrilocal
C)​avunculocal
D)​neolocal

Question 71

Which of the following is the most common household type in the United States today?​

A)​single-parent
B)​extended
C)​blended
D)​nonfamily or one person

Question 72

A married couple together raising children from previous unions is called a(n):​

A)​conjugal family
B)​blended family
C)​consanguineal family
D)​cohabitation family

Question 73

HIV/AIDS has spread much more rapidly in sexually restrictive societies than in permissive ones.​

Question 74

Which of the following would not be included in a nuclear family?​

A)​son
B)​father
C)​grandfather
D)​mother

Question 75

Which flexible pattern of residence is most common among foraging peoples?​

A)​ambilocal
B)​avunculocal
C)​matrilocal
D)​patrilocal

Question 76

In which residence pattern do we expect to find a married couple living with the husband's mother's brother?

A)​ambilocal
B)​patrilocal
C)​avunculocal
D)​paralocal

Question 77

What is the primary significance of extended families?​

A)​They have continuity through time.
B)​They can have ownership of large geographic areas.
C)​They tend to gain political prominence.
D)​They develop unique religious institutions.

Question 78

The incest taboo is a fixed cultural law that does not vary between societies.​

Question 79

The nuclear family is especially well adapted to a mode of subsistence that requires:​

A)​healthy children
B)​accumulated wealth
C)​a large labor force
D)​a high degree of geographical mobility

Question 80

The most common family type in traditional farming and herding cultures is the:​

A)​conjugal family
B)​nuclear family
C)​extended family
D)​blended family