Deck 36: Fluoroscopy

Question 1

The fluoroscopic x-ray tube and image receptor are mounted

A)on a carriage.
B)coincident to each other.
C)from the ceiling.
D)orthogonal to each other.

Answer 1

coincident to each other.

Question 2

The photocathode is composed of ____ metals.

A)lead-based
B)photoabsorptive
C)photoemissive
D)electrostatic

Answer 2

photoemissive

Question 3

The output screen absorbs ____ and emits ____.

A)electrons; light photons
B)electrons; x-ray photons
C)light photons; electrons
D)light photons; x-ray photons

Answer 3

electrons; light photons

Question 4

Fluoroscopy is commonly used for observation of

A)cardiovascular structures.
B)a surgical procedure.
C)the GI tract.
D)all of the above

Question 5

Fluoroscopy is the domain of the

A)radiographer.
B)radiologist.
C)radiation physicist.
D)quality control technologist.

Question 6

Fluoroscopic mA range is commonly ____ mA.

A)0.5 to 5.0
B)5.0 to 10.0
C)10.0 to 100
D)100 to 500

Question 7

The photocathode absorbs ____ and emits ____.

A)x-ray photons; light photons
B)light photons; electrons
C)light photons; x-ray photons
D)electrons; light photons

Question 8

Photoemissive materials absorb ____ and emit ____.

A)x-ray photons; light photons
B)light photons; electrons
C)light photons; x-ray photons
D)x-ray photons; electrons

Question 9

During fluoroscopic image intensification, the primary x-ray beam exits the patient and strikes the ____ of the image intensifier.

A)input screen
B)electrostatic lenses
C)photocathode
D)output screen

Question 10

The fluoroscopic carriage commonly supports the

A)image receptor.
B)power-assist drive controls.
C)digital spot film selector.
D)all of the above

Question 11

The input screen absorbs ____ and emits ____.

A)x-ray photons; light photons
B)x-ray photons; electrons
C)light photons; x-ray photons
D)electrons; x-ray photons

Question 12

Electrostatic lenses are used to accelerate and focus

A)light photons.
B)x-ray photons.
C)electrons.
D)scattered photons.

Question 13

Electrostatic lenses are actually

A)concave optical lenses.
B)convex optical lenses.
C)planar lenses.
D)charged electrodes.

Question 14

Fluoroscopy is a ____ x-ray examination.

A)dynamic, real-time
B)static
C)therapeutic
D)all of the above

Question 15

The primary ____ occurs from the acceleration and focusing of the electron beam.

A)phosphorescence
B)minification
C)magnification
D)brightness gain

Question 16

The input screen is ____ in shape.

A)oval
B)elliptical
C)concave
D)convex

Question 17

The greater the voltage supplied to the electrostatic lenses, the ____ the acceleration and the ____ the focal point to the input screen.

A)greater; farther
B)greater; closer
C)lesser; smaller
D)greater; larger

Question 18

During fluoroscopy, the SOD on a fixed unit cannot be less than ____ inches.

A)12
B)15
C)20
D)40

Question 19

Total brightness gain is

A)a measure of the increase in image intensity.
B)determined by minification gain.
C)determined by flux gain.
D)all of the above

Question 20

The shape of the input screen helps to control

A)distortion.
B)SID.
C)scatter
D)minification.

Question 21

During fluoroscopy, the principal source of radiation exposure to personnel in the room is the

A)fluoroscopy x-ray tube.
B)patient.
C)radiologist.
D)image detector.

Question 22

The most common solution for quantum mottle is to

A)increase the fluoro tube mA.
B)decrease the fluoro tube mA.
C)decrease the efficiency of the input screen.
D)decrease the efficiency of the flux gain.

Question 23

When using automatic brightness control (ABC), it is important to remember that

A)image brightness is not dose related.
B)a dark video image indicates photon starvation to the receptor.
C)collimation and part placement do not impact video image quality.
D)none of the above

Question 24

All of the following are true of the fluoroscopic lead apron drape EXCEPT:

A)It should be 0.25 mm Pb equivalent.
B)It is designed to absorb a large percentage of patient scatter.
C)It covers the Bucky slot in the table.
D)It may be detached for specific cases.

Question 25

Flux gain

A)improves image resolution due to the small penumbra created by the output phosphor crystals.
B)deals with the gain resulting from the conversion of light at the output phosphor.
C)is directly related to the input phosphor conversion efficiency.
D)all of the above

Question 26

Flat panel digital detectors used for fluoroscopy use

A)amorphous silicon as the digital detector.
B)a cesium iodide scintillator.
C)TFT technology.
D)all of the above

Question 27

Digital fluoroscopy is typically

A)a progressive, pulsed fluoroscopic exposure.
B)capable of producing higher contrast images.
C)capable of 256 shades of gray through 8-bit processing.
D)all of the above

Question 28

The most commonly used fluoroscopic viewing system is

A)mirrors.
B)real-time video monitors.
C)dry laser images.
D)videotape.

Question 29

Digital fluoroscopy typically

A)uses pulsed x-ray exposures timed with the detector.
B)uses indirect detector technology with thin film transistors (TFT).
C)provides resolution of 1-2 lp/mm.
D)all of the above

Question 30

Mobile fluoroscopic systems are different from fixed systems in that they

A)do not have a primary barrier.
B)do not use video displays.
C)have separate fluoroscopy and radiographic tubes.
D)have a minimum SOD of 12 inches.

Question 31

All of the following are common post-processing features with digital fluoroscopy EXCEPT

A)last image hold (LIH).
B)digital subtraction.
C)window level and width.
D)edge enhancement.

Question 32

Digital fluoro pixels are between ____ µm.

A)100 and 150
B)150 and 200
C)200 and 300
D)300 and 400

Question 33

The edge distortion problem in image intensification tubes is called

A)minification.
B)magnification.
C)vignetting.
D)all of the above

Question 34

Methods to reduce fluoroscopic radiation exposure include:
1)automatic brightness control
2)Bucky tray slot cover
3)switching to magnification imaging
4)fluoroscopic lead apron drape
5)dead-man type fluoroscopy switch
6)LIH
7)increase the SID
8)decrease the SOD
9)decrease the IOD

A)1, 2, 4, 7 and 9
B)1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 9
C)2, 3, 4, 6 and 7
D)1, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9

Question 35

The fluoroscopic x-ray tube is different from a radiographic tube in that the fluoro tube

A)has high heat loading potential, as it operates at very high milliamperes.
B)cannot have an SOD less than 15 inches.
C)uses a water-cooled, stationary anode with focussing lenses.
D)uses manual collimation to limit the field size to the receptor.

Question 36

In order to reduce visible noise using digital fluoroscopic detectors,

A)the kVp is increased.
B)pixels are binned.
C)pixels are amplified.
D)larger patients are not studied fluoroscopically.

Question 37

Cassette-based spot filming has been replaced by

A)digital photospots.
B)CCD chips.
C)dry laser films.
D)CR cassettes.

Question 38

Fluoroscopic resolution with image intensification will vary according to

A)minification gain.
B)electrostatic focal point.
C)input and output screen diameter.
D)all of the above

Question 39

In a fluoroscopy system, the x-ray tube and image receptor must be interlocked in order to enable fluoroscopy.This classifies the image receptor as the

A)secondary barrier.
B)primary barrier.
C)scatter barrier.
D)principal barrier.

Question 40

Digitization of the fluoroscopic image permits

A)image post-processing.
B)transfer via PACS.
C)electronic archival.
D)all of the above

Question 41

What is the minification gain for an image intensification tube with an input screen diameter of 10 in.and an output diameter of 2 in.?

Question 42

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
loss of brightness and resolution on the edge of the image

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 43

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
maximum exposure rate

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 44

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
emits electrons via the photoelectric effect

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 45

What is the magnification factor for an image viewed with an image intensification tube with an input screen diameter of 23 cm that is using a 13 cm diameter area during magnification?

Question 46

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
uniform across the detector surface array

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 47

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
output phosphor material

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 48

What is the total brightness gain for an image intensification tube with a minification gain of 25 and a flux gain of 50?

Question 49

What is the magnification factor for an image viewed with an image intensification tube with an input screen diameter of 23 in.that is using a 10 in.diameter area during magnification?

Question 50

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
a function of flux and image minification

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 51

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
input phosphor material

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 52

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
converts electrons to light

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 53

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
image intensifier or digital detector

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution

Question 54

What is the minification gain for an image intensification tube with an input screen diameter of 5 in.and an output diameter of 1 in.?

Question 55

Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to fluoroscopic technology.
mechanical attachment for detector and fluoroscopic controls

A)input phosphor
B)1-3 R/min
C)10 R/mn
D)fluoroscopic carriage
E)brightness gain
F)primary barrier
G)output phosphor
H)CsI
I)photocathode
J)ZnS-CdS:Ag
K)vignetting
L)TFT resolution