Deck 8: Radiation Protection Concepts and Equipment

Question 1

All of the following would be classified as field survey devices EXCEPT

A)film badge.
B)Geiger-Mueller counter.
C)scintillation detector.
D)ionization chamber instrument.

Answer 1

film badge.

Question 2

When comparing x-rays and gamma rays, a key distinction is in the

A)origin of the emission.
B)mass of the emission.
C)velocity of the emission.
D)all of the above

Answer 2

origin of the emission.

Question 3

Which instrument detects the presence of radiation rather than measuring it?

A)Geiger-Mueller counter
B)scintillation detector
C)ionization chamber instrument
D)thermoluminescent dosimeter

Answer 3

Geiger-Mueller counter

Question 4

Somatic effects of irradiation may become evident

A)in the exposed individual.
B)in the first offspring of the exposed individual.
C)in the exposed individual's grandchildren
D)in any future generation of offspring.

Question 5

X-ray interaction with matter involves the transfer of energy from the

A)photon to matter.
B)incident electron to matter.
C)incident electron to photon.
D)matter to photon.

Question 6

The quantity of x-rays or gamma rays required to produce a given amount of ionization in a unit mass of air defines the

A)kerma.
B)gray.
C)roentgen.
D)curie.

Question 7

Beta particles

A)are positively charged.
B)exist in shells around the nucleus.
C)are heavy particles.
D)can travel 10 to 100 cm in air.

Question 8

Alpha particles

A)are emitted from the nuclei of heavy elements.
B)have a positive charge.
C)have greater mass than other particulate radiations.
D)all of the above

Question 9

An alpha particle contains

A)two protons and two neutrons.
B)two protons and two electrons.
C)two electrons and two neutrons.
D)one proton and two neutrons.

Question 10

A device that is employed for detection and measurement of radiation exposure from x-ray radiation is called a

A)primary barrier.
B)secondary barrier.
C)dosimeter.
D)filter.

Question 11

In air, alpha particles can travel

A)less than 1 mm.
B)5 cm.
C)5 m.
D)5 km.

Question 12

Ionizing radiations are classified as

A)positive and negative.
B)varying velocities.
C)particulate and electromagnetic.
D)subnuclear and intranuclear.

Question 13

Biological effects of ionizing radiation include all of the following EXCEPT

A)cancer.
B)cataract formation.
C)bacterial infections.
D)developmental abnormalities.

Question 14

For x-rays and gamma rays approximately ____ of the biological effects on tissue are the result of indirect actions.

A)20 percent
B)40 percent
C)70 percent
D)100 percent

Question 15

The radiation weighting factor for x-ray or gamma radiation is

A)1
B)2
C)10
D)20

Question 16

One joule of energy absorbed in each kilogram of absorbing material defines the

A)sievert.
B)kerma.
C)becquerel.
D)gray.

Question 17

Electromagnetic radiations are characterized as

A)particulate energy disturbances
B)energy disturbances traveling through space, with no mass or charge.
C)low frequency energies with negligible mass.
D)all of the above

Question 18

The indirect interaction of matter with photon energy involves the absorption of radiation within a

A)water molecule.
B)glucose molecule.
C)complex protein.
D)macromolecule such as DNA.

Question 19

The sum of the weighted equivalent doses for all irradiated tissues and organs is the

A)quality factor.
B)effective dose.
C)equivalent dose.
D)integral dose.

Question 20

Factors that influence the effect of exposure to ionizing radiation include

A)the total dose received.
B)the type of radiation.
C)cell sensitivity.
D)all of the above

Question 21

Ionization chambers work on the principle that when radiation interacts with the electrons in air, ____ are produced.

A)ion pairs
B)light scintillations
C)scatter photons
D)low energy x-ray photons

Question 22

All of the following would be recorded on a radiation dosimetry report EXCEPT

A)body mass index (BMI).
B)control badge exposure.
C)lifetime equivalent dose.
D)radiation quality.

Question 23

When a single personnel monitoring device is worn, it should be worn at the

A)waist level under the lead apron.
B)collar level under a thyroid collar.
C)collar level outside the lead apron.
D)wrist level to get a measure of bone exposure.

Question 24

Match the following choices with the correct term as they relate to radiation protection.
erythema

A)Gray (Gy)
B)Sievert (Sv)
C)Roentgen (R)
D)somatic damage
E)genetic damage
F)Curie (Ci)
G)Equivalent Dose (HT)
H)Effective Dose €

Question 25

In CT scanning, the total amount of energy directed at matter is expressed as

A)Curie.
B)Integral Dose.
C)Effective Dose.
D)Kerma.

Question 26

The unit of radiation absorbed energy or dose is

A)expressed as grays (Gy).
B)defined as the amount of radiation needed to deposit 100 ergs of energy in one gram of matter.
C)used for all absorbing media.
D)all of the above

Question 27

Match the following choices with the correct term as they relate to radiation protection.
measure of absorbed dose

A)Gray (Gy)
B)Sievert (Sv)
C)Roentgen (R)
D)somatic damage
E)genetic damage
F)Curie (Ci)
G)Equivalent Dose (HT)
H)Effective Dose €

Question 28

Personnel monitoring devices include all of the following except the ____ dosimeter.

A)film badge
B)thermoluminescent
C)scintillation
D)OSL

Question 29

All of the following are considered man-made sources of radiation exposure EXCEPT

A)radiopharmaceuticals.
B)radon gas exposure in new home construction.
C)traveling cross country in a commercial aircraft.
D)occupational exposure of medical imaging personnel.

Question 30

Match the following choices with the correct term as they relate to radiation protection.
also known as the Becquerel

A)Gray (Gy)
B)Sievert (Sv)
C)Roentgen (R)
D)somatic damage
E)genetic damage
F)Curie (Ci)
G)Equivalent Dose (HT)
H)Effective Dose €

Question 31

Match the following choices with the correct term as they relate to radiation protection.
sum of weighted equivalent doses

A)Gray (Gy)
B)Sievert (Sv)
C)Roentgen (R)
D)somatic damage
E)genetic damage
F)Curie (Ci)
G)Equivalent Dose (HT)
H)Effective Dose €

Question 32

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters

A)are not commonly employed with routine use.
B)provide an immediate readout to the user.
C)are precise with low level exposures.
D)use a chip of LiF as the detector material.

Question 33

Match the following choices with the correct term as they relate to radiation protection.
product of absorbed dose and radiation quality factor

A)Gray (Gy)
B)Sievert (Sv)
C)Roentgen (R)
D)somatic damage
E)genetic damage
F)Curie (Ci)
G)Equivalent Dose (HT)
H)Effective Dose €

Question 34

Equivalent dose (H_T,R) takes into account

A)radiation exposure in air.
B)the rate of radioactive decay.
C)the absorbed dose and type of radiation.
D)the type of tissue irradiated.

Question 35

According to the NCRP Report #160,

A)individual effective doses have nearly quadrupled since the early 1980s.
B)individual exposures have increased principally due to increased utilization of digital imaging technologies.
C)the effective dose per individual in the United States primarily increased because of increased fluoroscopic interventional procedures and CT scans.
D)individual exposures have decreased due to improved technology and more discrete utilization.

Question 36

Match the following choices with the correct term as they relate to radiation protection.
cleft palate in offspring

A)Gray (Gy)
B)Sievert (Sv)
C)Roentgen (R)
D)somatic damage
E)genetic damage
F)Curie (Ci)
G)Equivalent Dose (HT)
H)Effective Dose €