Deck 12: X-Ray Interactions

Question 1

Which energy-level electrons possess the highest total energy?

A)K
B)L
C)M
D)N

Answer 1

N

Question 2

In which element are the inner-shell electrons more tightly bound to the nucleus?

A)mercury (Z = 80)
B)tungsten (Z = 74)
C)lead (Z = 82)
D)chromium (Z = 24)

Answer 2

lead (Z = 82)

Question 3

When an x-ray photon passes through matter, it undergoes a process called

A)induction.
B)filtration.
C)attenuation.
D)resonance.

Answer 3

attenuation.

Question 4

During the process of attenuation, the x-ray photon may interact with

A)the nucleus.
B)the entire atom.
C)an orbital electron.
D)all of the above

Question 5

As the electron shells move farther from the nucleus, total electron energies ____ and binding energies ____.

A)decrease; decrease
B)increase; increase
C)increase; decrease
D)decrease; increase

Question 6

During photoelectric absorption, a/an ____ shell electron is ejected.

A)inner-
B)middle-
C)outer-
D)all of the above

Question 7

When x-ray photons interact with matter and change direction, the process is called

A)absorption.
B)scatter.
C)interpolation.
D)extrapolation.

Question 8

During coherent scattering, the scattered photon possesses ____ as the incident photon.

A)the same energy, the same frequency, and the same wavelength
B)the same energy, the same frequency, and a different wavelength
C)the same energy, a different frequency, and the same wavelength
D)a different energy, the same frequency, and the same wavelength

Question 9

Compton scattering occurs when an incident x-ray photon interacts with a ____ electron.

A)loosely bound inner-shell
B)tightly bound inner-shell
C)loosely bound outer-shell
D)tightly bound outer-shell

Question 10

During the photoelectric interaction, as an electron transfers from an outer shell to a vacant inner shell, energy is released in the form of

A)a characteristic photon.
B)a primary radiation.
C)an incident electron.
D)a gamma photon.

Question 11

When an electron from an outer shell fills a vacancy in an inner shell,

A)the total energy of the electron increases.
B)the electron increases its mass.
C)a photon is released.
D)all of the above

Question 12

Secondary radiation energies are highest for which element?

A)hydrogen
B)carbon
C)barium
D)oxygen

Question 13

The electron dislodged during Compton scattering is called the

A)photoelectron.
B)recoil electron.
C)incident electron.
D)secondary electron.

Question 14

An interaction that occurs between very low energy x-ray photons and matter is called ____ scatter.

A)coherent
B)classical
C)unmodified
D)all of the above

Question 15

A photoelectron

A)is matter and possesses energy.
B)typically travels 1-2 mm in soft tissue.
C)is capable of creating biological changes.
D)all of the above

Question 16

During photoelectric absorption, the ejected electron is called a/an

A)incident electron.
B)photoelectron.
C)characteristic electron.
D)nuclear electron.

Question 17

If a photon interacts with matter and scatters, the photon

A)no longer exists.
B)exists with greater energy.
C)exists with less energy.
D)is totally absorbed.

Question 18

During the process of attenuation, x-ray photons in the beam

A)reduce in number.
B)lose energy.
C)interact.
D)all of the above

Question 19

Which atomic shell possesses the highest binding energy?

A)K
B)L
C)M
D)All atomic shells possess the same binding energy.

Question 20

When an x-ray photon with a slightly greater energy than the binding energy of the inner-shell electron interacts with that inner-shell electron, the following interaction results:

A)Compton scattering
B)coherent scattering
C)photoelectric absorption
D)characteristic radiation

Question 21

As the angle of deflection is increased from 0 ^$\circ$ to 180 ^$\circ$ ,

A)all energy is imparted to the incident photon.
B)less energy is imparted to the recoil electron.
C)greater energy is imparted to the scattered photon.
D)greater energy is imparted to the recoil electron.

Question 22

Which of the following interactions with matter results in a radiograph with a loss of radiographic image contrast?

A)Compton scattering
B)coherent scatter
C)photoelectric interactions
D)photodisintegration

Question 23

Which of the following interactions has a significant impact on the x-ray image?

A)Compton scattering
B)coherent scatter
C)pair production
D)photodisintegration

Question 24

In the human body, ____ is the predominant interaction through most of the diagnostic x-ray range.

A)Compton scattering
B)coherent scatter
C)photoelectric interactions
D)photodisintegration

Question 25

The incidence of the photoelectric effect increases with

A)increasing kilovoltage.
B)increasing atomic number of the absorber.
C)decreasing x-ray wavelength.
D)photon energies above 1.02 mMeV.

Question 26

Unwanted radiographic image densities caused predominantly by scattered photons is called

A)base fog.
B)radiation fog.
C)chemical fog.
D)photoelectric fog.

Question 27

In an effort to decrease the mAs of an exposure, the 15% rule of kVp change may be considered.Changing the original kVp of 84 using the 15% rule will have what impact?

A)a higher incidence of pair production interactions
B)greater Compton scatter interactions
C)greater photon absorption in the patient
D)an improvement in image contrast

Question 28

In which process is matter converted back to energy?

A)nuclear reaction
B)annihilation reaction
C)Compton scatter
D)photodisintegration

Question 29

Which of the following interactions has a significant impact on the x-ray image?

A)photoelectric absorption
B)coherent scatter
C)pair production
D)photodisintegration

Question 30

The photon that exits the atom after a Compton scattering is called the Compton

A)scattered photon.
B)scattered electron.
C)recoil electron.
D)photoelectron.

Question 31

During which interaction with matter is the x-ray photon converted to matter in the form of two electrons?

A)pair production
B)Compton scattering
C)photoelectric absorption
D)coherent scattering

Question 32

Match the following items with the correct choice as they relate to x-ray photon interactions.
photoelectric effect

A)60 kVp
B)shaped contact
C)focal spot size
D)distance (SID)
E)44-48 inches
F)AP supine abdomen position
G)oblique projection of the abdomen
H)18 mAs @ 70 kVp

Question 33

An incident photon with 35 keV is most likely to interact with the K-shell electron of what atom?

A)iodine
B)lead
C)calcium
D)oxygen

Question 34

In diagnostic radiology, radiographic image contrast is principally due to the predominance of

A)photodisintegration interactions.
B)Bremsstrahlung interactions.
C)photoelectric interactions.
D)Compton interactions.

Question 35

Match the following items with the correct choice as they relate to x-ray photon interactions.
product of pair production

A)60 kVp
B)shaped contact
C)focal spot size
D)distance (SID)
E)44-48 inches
F)AP supine abdomen position
G)oblique projection of the abdomen
H)18 mAs @ 70 kVp

Question 36

Match the following items with the correct choice as they relate to x-ray photon interactions.
yield photons with each transition

A)60 kVp
B)shaped contact
C)focal spot size
D)distance (SID)
E)44-48 inches
F)AP supine abdomen position
G)oblique projection of the abdomen
H)18 mAs @ 70 kVp

Question 37

Match the following items with the correct choice as they relate to x-ray photon interactions.
K-shell binding energy = 0.53 keV

A)60 kVp
B)shaped contact
C)focal spot size
D)distance (SID)
E)44-48 inches
F)AP supine abdomen position
G)oblique projection of the abdomen
H)18 mAs @ 70 kVp

Question 38

Match the following items with the correct choice as they relate to x-ray photon interactions.
no loss in energy

A)60 kVp
B)shaped contact
C)focal spot size
D)distance (SID)
E)44-48 inches
F)AP supine abdomen position
G)oblique projection of the abdomen
H)18 mAs @ 70 kVp

Question 39

Which of the following interactions with matter results in a radiograph with higher contrast?

A)Compton scattering
B)coherent scatter
C)photoelectric interactions
D)photodisintegration

Question 40

During Compton scattering, the incident photon energy is divided between the

A)recoil electron and the scattered photon.
B)incident photon and the scattered photon.
C)incident photon and the recoil electron.
D)recoil electron and the photoelectron.

Question 41

Match the following items with the correct choice as they relate to x-ray photon interactions.
Compton scattering

A)60 kVp
B)shaped contact
C)focal spot size
D)distance (SID)
E)44-48 inches
F)AP supine abdomen position
G)oblique projection of the abdomen
H)18 mAs @ 70 kVp