Deck 16: Congenital Abnormalities and Dysmorphic Syndromes

Question 1

Which of the following would be considered a deformation?

A) Diaphragmatic hernia
B) Cleft lip
C) Neural tube defect
D) Club foot
E) Epicanthic folds

Answer 1

Club foot

Question 2

A disruption is a type of variation that is characterized by …

A) Destruction or interruption of intrinsically normal tissue
B) An underlying genetic mechanism
C) An abnormal developmental process
D) High recurrence risk
E) A cluster of defects

Answer 2

Destruction or interruption of intrinsically normal tissue

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of holoprosencephaly?

A) It is always caused by a chromosomal defect
B) It is the defective cleavage of the forebrain
C) It is a feature of Sotos syndrome
D) It occurs only as an isolated malformation
E) None of the above

Answer 3

It is the defective cleavage of the forebrain

Question 4

What causes a "sequence" of multiple abnormalities?

A) A single gene that is expressed in several tissues
B) A single disruptive force that acts in multiple areas of the body
C) A cascade of events initiating from one initial insult
D) A genetic deletion that includes multiple genes
E) Aneuploidy

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT associated with teratogenic effects?

A) Folic acid consumption
B) Hyperthermia
C) Toxoplasmosis infection
D) Radiation exposure
E) Alcohol consumption