Deck 9: Bacterial Genetic Analysis

Question 1

The ________ protein is important in the process of recombination.

A) RecZ
B) RecA
C) TpnB
D) TpnC
E) TpnZ

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is an organism's complete collection of alleles called?

A) wild-type
B) prototype
C) phenotype
D) genotype
E) histotype

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Suppose a microbe has died and lysed,exposing its DNA to the environment.Some of this DNA was taken up by another unrelated microbe and incorporated into its genome.This is an example of which process?

A) transduction
B) vertical gene transfer
C) conjugation
D) horizontal gene transfer
E) endocytosis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Term for the direct transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium.

A) transduction
B) transformation
C) transfection
D) conjugation
E) electroporation

Question 5

What is the "sexual transfer" of genes in bacteria called?

A) transformation
B) transduction
C) transfection
D) conjugation
E) coupling

Question 6

Under what conditions will two different plasmids be incompatible?

A) If they contain some identical genes.
B) If they contain genes from different organisms.
C) If they use similar methods of replication initiation.
D) If they use different DNA polymerases.
E) If they do not contain at least one similar gene.

Question 7

Which of these is TRUE regarding replication of a plasmid in a bacterial cell?

A) It is only replicated when the plasmid is integrated within the chromosome.
B) It requires replication of the chromosome first.
C) It requires a unique DNA polymerase.
D) It is independent of chromosome replication.
E) It occurs only after cell division.

Question 8

The original map of the Escherichia coli chromosome was constructed using which process?

A) conjugation
B) transformation
C) transduction
D) both conjugation and transformation
E) both conjugation and transduction

Question 9

Suppose a strain of Escherichia coli is identified as an Hfr strain.In a conjugational experiment between the donor Hfr strain and a recipient E.coli strain that is F⁻,what would you expect to result?

A) The recipient to become F⁺.
B) The recipient to become an Hfr strain.
C) The recipient to remain F⁻.
D) The donor to become F⁻.
E) The donor to transfer the entire F-plasmid.

Question 10

Term for the transfer of donor DNA to a recipient bacterium via a bacteriophage.

A) transduction
B) transfection
C) transformation
D) conjugation
E) lytic infection

Question 11

Compared to the eukaryal chromosome,the bacteria chromosome:

A) is more complex.
B) contains genes that are usually present in only one copy.
C) contains only a small percent of DNA that encodes for functional proteins.
D) is diploid in number.
E) is difficult to manipulate.

Question 12

Bacterial mutants have been very useful for studying and understanding:

A) biosynthetic pathways.
B) capsule production.
C) antibiotic resistance.
D) carbon metabolism.
E) all of these choices.

Question 13

Term for the uptake of extracellular DNA into a bacterial cell and incorporation into its genome.

A) transduction
B) conjugation
C) transformation
D) reversion
E) transfection

Question 14

In order for a plasmid to be replicated in a cell,it must contain which of these?

A) The code for a DNA polymerase.
B) An origin of replication.
C) The code for DNA gyrase.
D) A strong promoter sequence.
E) A Pribnow Box.

Question 15

Escherichia coli strain K12 is considered a wild-type strain and does not have any nutritional vitamin requirements.What term applies to this strain?

A) An autotroph.
B) An auxotroph.
C) A phototroph.
D) A prototroph.
E) A lithotroph.

Question 16

Which term applies to the transfer of genes from mother to daughter cell?

A) vertical gene transfer
B) lateral gene transfer
C) horizontal gene transfer
D) meiosis
E) transduction

Question 17

What is the difference between an Hfr strain and an F-prime strain of Escherichia coli?

A) The F-prime strain is not able to convert the recipient strain to F⁺.
B) The F-prime strain is able to transfer any gene on the chromosome to the recipient cell.
C) The F-prime strain has an F⁻ phenotype.
D) The Hfr strain is able to transfer more genes to the recipient than the F-prime strain.
E) The Hfr strain is unable to mate with an F⁻ strain.

Question 18

Suppose a mutant strain of Escherichia coli K12 contains a mutation in the trpE gene and is no longer able to make tryptophan.What is this mutant called?

A) An auxotroph.
B) A prototroph.
C) An autotroph.
D) A phenotroph.
E) A lithotroph.

Question 19

Which of the following processes would still occur in a RecA mutant?

A) conjugation
B) transformation
C) transduction
D) both conjugation and transformation
E) both transformation and transduction

Question 20

Term for cells that can naturally take up extracellular DNA.

A) porous
B) competent
C) conjugant
D) susceptible
E) primed

Question 21

The process of molecular cloning was mainly brought about through the discovery of these.

A) bacteriophages
B) transposons
C) transformations
D) restriction enzymes
E) conjugation events

Question 22

Genetic elements that are able to "jump" around on the chromosome.

A) chromatin
B) transposons
C) conjugants
D) resolvase
E) transductants

Question 23

________________ occurs when a segment of DNA from one bacterium integrates into the chromosome of a recipient strain.

Question 24

Conjugation requires direct cell contact in order for DNA to move from the donor to recipient strain.

Question 25

Which of these is an example of a reporter gene that is used to study gene regulation in bacteria?

A) trpE
B) recA
C) lacZ
D) glyA
E) hisB

Question 26

In order for a plasmid to replicate once it enters a cell,it must contain an ______ of replication that is recognized by the cell.

Question 27

The transfer of DNA from a donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium is an example of horizontal gene transfer.

Question 28

Bacterial cells that are able to take up DNA directly from the environment for recombination are called _______________.

Question 29

Mutations are able to occur spontaneously without any preexposure to a mutagen.

Question 30

Mutations in a cell can occur in the absence of selective pressure.

Question 31

The first plasmid cloning vectors required some restriction enzyme sites that were present in only one copy on the plasmid.

Question 32

The first DNA cloning experiment required ALL of the following EXCEPT:

A) DNA ligase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) restriction enzymes.
D) plasmid vector with antibiotic resistance gene.
E) competent cells.

Question 33

The enzyme ___________ hydrolyzes the chromogenic substrate X-gal.

A) α-amylase
B) β-lactamase
C) xylanase
D) β-galactosidase
E) glucuronidase

Question 34

The uptake and recombination of environmental DNA by a bacterium is called transduction.

Question 35

An auxotroph is a nutritional mutant of a wild-type strain.

Question 36

A suppressor mutation,which restores the wild-type phenotype in a previously mutant cell,always occurs in the gene that contained the original mutation.

Question 37

A microorganism that does not have any nutritional requirements is called a(n)______________.

Question 38

Term for a plasmid cloning vector that is able to replicate in different genera of bacteria.

A) fertility plasmid
B) resistance plasmid
C) shuttle vector
D) transfection vector
E) cosmid vector

Question 39

Bacteriophages vary in their ability to infect different strains of bacteria.This is because some bacteria contain _________ __________ that cut the phage DNA after it enters the cell.

A) general nucleases
B) DNA helicases
C) DNA gyrases
D) restriction endonucleases
E) DNA topoisomerases

Question 40

Early plasmid vectors used for cloning DNA contained:

A) a single restriction enzyme site.
B) unique restriction enzyme sites for several restriction enzymes.
C) multiple restriction enzymes sites for several restriction enzymes.
D) antibiotic resistance genes but no restriction enzyme sites.
E) multiple restriction sites for a unique restriction enzyme.

Question 41

Term for the process in which a peptide fragment expressed from a plasmid is able to combine with a peptide fragment expressed from the chromosome to form a functional peptide.

A) α-Complementation
B) Peptide binding
C) Reciprocal crossover
D) Hybridization
E) Genetic complementation

Question 42

Which of these is contained in an expression vector but not in a regular cloning vector?

A) restriction enzyme site
B) antibiotic resistance gene
C) strong promoter
D) origin of replication
E) selectable marker

Question 43

An expression vector contains a strong promoter next to the cloning site.

Question 44

Host cell enzymes that degrade foreign DNA,like viral DNA,that enters the cell are called _________ enzymes.

Question 45

Transformants are recombinant bacteria that have received new DNA via a bacteriophage.

Question 46

What is a wild-type strain? Can you have more than one wild-type strain for a specific bacterial species? Explain.

Question 47

Recombinant DNA technology was greatly facilitated by the discovery of ______ enzymes.

Question 48

Describe the process of homologous recombination between a pair of DNA molecules sharing sequence homology.In your explanation,discuss the recombination proteins that are required.