Deck 6: The Skeletal System

Question 1

The bones of the upper arms and thighs are classified as

A) short bones.
B) long bones.
C) flat bones.
D) sesamoid bones.
E) irregular bones.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support?

A) Calcium salts are found in bone.
B) Bones change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles.
C) Red marrow fills the internal cavities of many bones.
D) The skull encloses the brain.
E) Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as

A) osteons.
B) canaliculi.
C) lamellae.
D) osteoclasts.
E) central canals.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is found only in compact bone?

A) trabeculae
B) canaliculi
C) osteoblasts
D) osteons
E) marrow

Question 5

In the skeletal system,compact bone is usually located

A) where stresses come from a limited range of directions.
B) where stresses arrive from many directions.
C) only in a narrow ring around the diaphysis of long bones.
D) in direct contact with articular cartilages.
E) where bones are not heavily stressed.

Question 6

Channels within bone,involved with cell-to-cell communication,are called

A) canaliculi.
B) lacunae.
C) lamellae.
D) perforating canals.
E) Haversian canals.

Question 7

A primary function of the skeletal system is

A) maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids.
B) absorbing the shock of unexpected rapid body movements.
C) facilitating transmission of nerve impulses.
D) cushioning abdominal organs such as the kidneys.
E) contracting muscles.

Question 8

Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones.

A) long
B) flat
C) short
D) irregular
E) sesamoid

Question 9

Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of red bone marrow?

A) support
B) storage
C) protection
D) blood cell production
E) movement

Question 10

The shaft of a long bone is called the

A) epiphysis.
B) trabecula.
C) canaliculus.
D) diaphysis.
E) lamella.

Question 11

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

A) neural tissue
B) nonstriated muscle tissue
C) connective tissue
D) epithelial tissue
E) striated muscle tissue

Question 12

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

A) matrix.
B) osteon.
C) periosteum.
D) endosteum.
E) articular cartilage.

Question 13

________ are giant bone cells with 50 or more nuclei.

A) Osteocytes
B) Osteons
C) Osteoblasts
D) Canaliculi
E) Osteoclasts

Question 14

The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as to change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscle.

A) support
B) protection
C) leverage
D) storage
E) blood cell production

Question 15

The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with

A) periosteum.
B) endosteum.
C) lacunae.
D) lamellae.
E) osteon.

Question 16

Immature,active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed

A) osteocytes.
B) stem cells.
C) osteoblasts.
D) osteoclasts.
E) chondrocytes.

Question 17

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of

A) adipose tissue.
B) new bone.
C) blood cells.
D) osteoblasts.
E) osteocytes.

Question 18

The bone cells that contribute to increases in calcium in blood are the

A) chondrocytes.
B) osteons.
C) osteoclasts.
D) osteocytes.
E) osteoblasts.

Question 19

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony rods or plates called

A) trabeculae.
B) osteons.
C) lamellae.
D) canaliculi.
E) perforating canals.

Question 20

Bone-forming cells are called

A) osteoclasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteons.
D) ossification centers.
E) osteoblasts.

Question 21

Structure H is the

A) marrow cavity.
B) osteon.
C) lamellae.
D) epiphyseal line.
E) lacuna.

Question 22

An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth.

A) epiphyseal
B) endochondral
C) intramembranous
D) appositional
E) ossification

Question 23

Osteocytes

A) are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei.
B) are immature bone cells.
C) are the cells responsible for the production of new bone.
D) secrete acids and enzymes.
E) maintain normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix around themselves.

Question 24

Figure 6-1 The Structure of a Long Bone
Use Figure 6-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure K is where

A) bone marrow is produced.
B) joint fluid is produced.
C) red blood cells are produced.
D) bone is produced.
E) the long bone joins with another bone.

Question 25

The bone tissue at E is ________ bone.

A) cancellous
B) spongy
C) compact
D) articular
E) fibrous bone

Question 26

Where would the osteoclasts be located?

A) K
B) I
C) H
D) J
E) F

Question 27

Figure 6-1 The Structure of a Long Bone
Use Figure 6-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure B is the

A) epiphysis.
B) diaphysis.
C) endosteum.
D) periosteum.
E) metaphysis.

Question 28

Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue?

A) cells
B) protein fibers
C) calcium phosphate
D) osteons
E) polysaccharides

Question 29

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification?

A) tibia
B) humerus
C) carpal bones
D) femur
E) mandible

Question 30

During the process of ________,an existing tissue is replaced with bone.

A) blood cell production
B) calcification
C) resorption
D) ossification
E) osteolysis

Question 31

Perforating canals

A) are arranged parallel to the long axis of the central canal.
B) are always associated with osteons in cancellous bone.
C) provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity.
D) occur in growing juvenile bone, but are obliterated in adult bone.
E) are arranged in concentric layers around a central canal.

Question 32

Figure 6-1 The Structure of a Long Bone
Use Figure 6-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure A is the

A) epiphysis.
B) diaphysis.
C) endosteum.
D) periosteum.
E) metaphysis.

Question 33

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children,as a result of ________ deficiency.

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D₃
C) growth hormone
D) vitamin C
E) thyroid hormone

Question 34

What is located at structure G?

A) marrow
B) canaliculi
C) cartilage
D) adipose tissue
E) fibrous connective tissue

Question 35

Structure F is the

A) blood cavity.
B) epiphysis.
C) periosteum.
D) hyaline cartilage.
E) endosteum.

Question 36

Figure 6-1 The Structure of a Long Bone
Use Figure 6-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure D is the

A) epiphysis.
B) diaphysis.
C) endosteum.
D) periosteum.
E) metaphysis.

Question 37

The organic component of the matrix,which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone,is dominated by

A) calcium phosphate.
B) collagen fibers.
C) calcium carbonate.
D) calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate.
E) dendritic fibers.

Question 38

The bone tissue at J is ________ bone.

A) spongy
B) periosteal
C) compact
D) articular
E) fibrous

Question 39

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

A) epiphyseal growth has ended.
B) epiphyseal growth is just beginning.
C) growth in bone diameter is just beginning.
D) the bone is fractured at that location.
E) The presence of an epiphyseal line does not indicate any particular event.

Question 40

Structure D is the

A) epiphysis.
B) diaphysis.
C) endosteum.
D) periosteum.
E) metaphysis.

Question 41

Which is the anatomical term for a passageway through a bone?

A) sulcus
B) sinus
C) fossa
D) trochlea
E) meatus

Question 42

The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra.

A) thoracic
B) lumbar
C) sacral
D) cervical
E) coccygeal

Question 43

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the ________ suture.

A) lambdoid
B) rostral
C) coronal
D) squamous
E) sagittal

Question 44

The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing.

A) an epiphyseal plate
B) an articular cartilage
C) an epiphyseal line
D) an epiphysis
E) trabeculae

Question 45

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

A) clavicle
B) patella
C) carpal bones
D) ribs
E) coxal bones

Question 46

Your doctor suggests that you increase your calcium intake to maintain your healthy bones.You do not understand why the doctor suggested this since you are a healthy 32-year-old.What was the doctor's reasoning?

A) The doctor is afraid that you will fall and break a bone.
B) The increased calcium intake will then increase your vitamin D blood level.
C) Calcium intake will increase the activity of osteoblasts, causing more bone to be formed.
D) You are at an age where calcium levels in the bone may start to subside, producing weaker bones later in life.
E) As you get older you are more prone to arthritis, and calcium reduces that problem.

Question 47

Which cells are very sensitive to calcium levels in the blood?

A) muscle cells
B) red blood cells
C) cartilage cells
D) fibroblasts
E) epithelial cells

Question 48

A crest on a bone is defined as a(n)

A) low ridge.
B) small, rounded projection.
C) narrow groove.
D) elongated cleft.
E) prominent ridge.

Question 49

Which of the following occurs in intramembranous ossification?

A) Hyaline cartilage model forms.
B) Periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage.
C) Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone.
D) As the bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some of the spongy bone and create a marrow cavity.
E) Ossification centers are formed as blood vessels and osteoblasts enter the centers of the epiphyses.

Question 50

Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.

A) false
B) true
C) floating
D) vertebrochondral
E) sternal

Question 51

The appendicular skeleton contains ________ bones.

A) 80
B) 206
C) 126
D) 64
E) 62

Question 52

The hormone calcitonin functions to

A) stimulate osteoclast activity.
B) stimulate the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract.
C) depress calcium levels in body fluids.
D) depress osteoblast activity.
E) elevate calcium levels in body fluids.

Question 53

You and your twin sister,both 18 years of age,were in a car accident.She had a clean break across the humerus and the upper arm bone-no bleeding,no break in the skin.However,you have a very messy break of the distal tibia in the lower leg,requiring pins to be inserted.Which statement is true regarding the differences in your break and your sister's break?

A) Your damage is called a fracture, whereas hers is called a break.
B) You will be given antibiotics to reduce bacterial infection, whereas your sister will not.
C) Your break will not heal whereas her fracture will heal fine.
D) Since her fracture did not penetrate through skin, it will not show up on an X-ray, whereas yours will.
E) You are given calcium to take but your sister is not.

Question 54

The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue is called

A) ossification.
B) remodeling.
C) resorption.
D) osteolysis.
E) calcification.

Question 55

A compound fracture

A) is caused by an underlying pathology.
B) results in bone projecting through the skin.
C) is a type of incomplete fracture.
D) is also known as a closed fracture.
E) is completely internal.

Question 56

Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and ________.

A) parathyroid hormone; calcitriol
B) vitamin A; vitamin C
C) parathyroid hormone; calcitonin
D) growth hormone; calcitonin
E) vitamin D₃; growth hormone

Question 57

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1.Bone forms at the diaphysis surface.
2)Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses.
3)Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify.
4)Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity.
5)Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center.
The correct order for these events is

A) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2.
B) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2.
C) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2.
D) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4.
E) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2.

Question 58

The smooth,rounded,or oval articular process of a bone is termed a

A) crest.
B) ridge.
C) head.
D) condyle.
E) trochlea.

Question 59

Bones of the skull that articulate with the nasal bones include (the)

A) temporal bone.
B) ethmoid bone.
C) zygomatic bone.
D) sphenoid.
E) maxillary bone.

Question 60

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?

A) the skull
B) the manubrium
C) the sternum
D) the scapula
E) the vertebrae

Question 61

The posterior surface of the bony roof of the mouth is formed by the

A) palatine bones.
B) vomer.
C) maxillae.
D) sphenoid bone.
E) zygomatic bones.

Question 62

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 12
E) 31

Question 63

Near the external auditory meatus,the long,sharp process called the ________ process is an attachment site for ligaments that support the hyoid bone.

A) mastoid
B) styloid
C) occipital
D) condyloid
E) temporal

Question 64

The bony compartment that supports the brain is called the

A) septum.
B) fontanel.
C) lacrimae.
D) cribrum.
E) cranium.

Question 65

The maxillary bones articulate with all other facial bones except the

A) zygomatic bones.
B) palatine bones.
C) vomer.
D) ethmoid bone.
E) mandible.

Question 66

The primary curves of the vertebral column that develop before birth are the

A) cervical and lumbar.
B) cervical and thoracic.
C) cervical and sacral.
D) thoracic and sacral.
E) thoracic and lumbar.

Question 67

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the

A) mandible.
B) maxillary.
C) zygomatic.
D) temporal.
E) cribriform plate.

Question 68

Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk?

A) lumbar
B) thoracic
C) sacral
D) coccygeal
E) spinal

Question 69

Bones encased within the temporal bone that are involved in sound detection are called

A) optic bones.
B) external acoustic meatus.
C) internal acoustic meatus.
D) auditory ossicles.
E) crista galli.

Question 70

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called

A) false ribs.
B) floating ribs.
C) vertebrosternal ribs.
D) true ribs.
E) vertebrochondral ribs.

Question 71

Which facial bone articulates with the frontal bone and the maxilla to complete the lateral wall of the orbit?

A) vomer bone
B) nasal bone
C) lacrimal bone
D) inferior nasal concha
E) zygomatic bone

Question 72

The coccyx is typically composed of ________ fused vertebrae.

A) 1-2
B) 3-5
C) 6-7
D) 7-8
E) 9-11

Question 73

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae.

A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 12
E) 31

Question 74

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by

A) articular cartilages.
B) costal cartilages.
C) costal facets.
D) sternal ligaments.
E) costal ligaments.

Question 75

Which feature of the ethmoid bone contributes to the nasal septum?

A) perpendicular plate
B) cribriform plate
C) superior nasal conchae
D) crista galli
E) middle nasal conchae

Question 76

Which suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones?

A) lambdoid
B) squamous
C) coronal
D) sagittal
E) occipitomastoid

Question 77

Humans have ________ pairs of ribs.

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 12
E) 24

Question 78

The inferior margin of the vomer articulates with which bone(s)?

A) maxillae
B) zygomatic bones
C) hyoid bone
D) inferior nasal conchae
E) palatine bones

Question 79

The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture.

A) squamous
B) lambdoid
C) frontal
D) coronal
E) sagittal

Question 80

The occipital bone articulates with the first cervical vertebra at the

A) occipital condyles.
B) foramen magnum.
C) odontoid process.
D) superior articular process.
E) cervical body.