Deck 3: Biodiversity and Evolution

Question 1

Energy flow and matter cycling are part of

A) ecological diversity.
B) species diversity.
C) functional diversity.
D) biodiversity.
E) genetic diversity.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Evidence for biological evolution through natural selection have been found in

A) ice cores.
B) fossils.
C) ice cores and fossils.
D) nature's grand plan.
E) none of these answers.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Genetic engineering

A) is a set of techniques for isolating, modifying, and recombining genes of different organisms.
B) enables scientists to transfer genes between organisms that would never interbreed in nature.
C) could involve genes from fish species placed into tomatoes or strawberries.
D) all of these answers
E) none of these answers

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following results in the loss of the most species?

A) background extinction
B) mass depletion
C) adaptive radiation
D) speciation
E) reproductive isolation

Question 5

The mechanism accepted by scientists for most evolutionary change is

A) inheritance of acquired characteristics.
B) synthetic selection.
C) natural selection.
D) functional diversity.
E) punctuated equilibrium.

Question 6

A change in the genetic composition of a population is known as

A) emigration.
B) mutation.
C) natural selection.
D) evolution.
E) genetic drift.

Question 7

____ refers to the second phase of speciation,and it involves changes in gene pools.

A) Geographic isolation
B) Speciation
C) Reproductive isolation
D) Adaptive radiation
E) Convergent evolution

Question 8

Transferring genes from a bacteria into rice to boost its vitamin content is an example of

A) cross-breeding.
B) reproductive isolation.
C) geographic isolation.
D) divergence.
E) genetic engineering

Question 9

Mutations can result in changes in

A) behavior.
B) physiology.
C) anatomy.
D) development.
E) all of these answers

Question 10

Plate tectonics affect natural selection by all of the following except

A) influencing climate through the location of continents and oceans.
B) isolating and adjoining species in new environments.
C) destroying habitats through earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
D) wiping out populations with molten rock.
E) all of the above.

Question 11

Species that are found in only one area and are especially vulnerable to extinction are referred to as which type of species?

A) specialist
B) emergent
C) generalist
D) endangered
E) endemic

Question 12

Difference in genes among organisms of the same species is called

A) ecological diversity.
B) species diversity.
C) functional diversity.
D) biodiversity.
E) genetic diversity.

Question 13

Scientists have used gene splicing in the development of all of the following except

A) crop plants.
B) industrial chemicals.
C) pest-resistant plants.
D) new drugs.
E) modified bacteria.

Question 14

The diversity of life on earth is affected by

A) geographic isolation.
B) reproductive isolation.
C) extinction.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 15

Mutations can be caused by all of the following except

A) ultraviolet light.
B) X rays.
C) certain chemicals.
D) injuries.
E) radioactivity.

Question 16

The number or variety of species in an area is called

A) ecological diversity.
B) species diversity.
C) functional diversity.
D) biodiversity.
E) genetic diversity.

Question 17

A change in the genetic composition of an individual in a population is known as

A) emigration.
B) mutation.
C) natural selection.
D) evolution.
E) genetic drift.

Question 18

The number or variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in an area is called

A) ecological diversity.
B) species diversity.
C) functional diversity.
D) biodiversity.
E) genetic diversity.

Question 19

Adaptations make organisms more suited for the environments in which they live.We notice that,nonetheless,organisms do fall short of being perfectly suited to their environments.The adaptive process is limited by

A) its reliance on pre-existing gene pools.
B) an organism's reproductive capacity.
C) the fact that each set of adaptations represent compromises for various organismal needs.
D) all of these answers
E) none of these answers

Question 20

A limit to adaptations that lead to natural selection include all but the following

A) the genetic trait must already be present in the population.
B) the rate of reproductive capacity of the population.
C) survival of the fittest.
D) the development of certain traits within a population is random.
E) physical strength of individuals within a population.

Question 21

The aquatic ecosystem with the world's highest net primary productivity per unit area are found in the

A) euphotic zone.
B) abyssal zone.
C) bathyal zone.
D) coastal zone.
E) profundal zone.

Question 22

Photosynthesis in the open sea occurs in the

A) euphotic zone.
B) abyssal zone.
C) bathyal zone.
D) coastal zone.
E) profundal zone.

Question 23

Populations of organisms living in aquatic life zones may be limited by

A) temperature.
B) nutrient availability.
C) dissolved oxygen.
D) availability of light.
E) all of these answers

Question 24

The twilight (dimly lit)zone of the sea is the

A) euphotic zone.
B) abyssal zone.
C) bathyal zone.
D) coastal zone.
E) benthic zone.

Question 25

Estuaries and coastal wetlands are important for all of the following reasons except

A) providing spawning and nursery grounds for marine fish and shellfish.
B) filtering out waterborne pollutants from swimming and wildlife areas.
C) providing breeding grounds for waterfowl.
D) providing coral for limestone production and the tourist trade.
E) buffering storms.

Question 26

What are the two most important factors determining the climate of an area?

A) temperature and ocean currents
B) precipitation and light
C) temperature and precipitation
D) light and temperature
E) geographic terrain and precipitation

Question 27

Climate and vegetation vary with

A) latitude only.
B) longitude only.
C) altitude only.
D) latitude and altitude.
E) altitude and longitude.

Question 28

An example of a coastal wetland is a

A) salt marsh.
B) floodplain.
C) coral reef.
D) prairie pothole.
E) lake.

Question 29

Large ecological regions with characteristic types of natural vegetation are called

A) ecosystems.
B) communities.
C) populations.
D) biomes.
E) niches.

Question 30

All of the following are marine life zones except

A) euphotic zone.
B) bathyal zone.
C) abyssal zone.
D) coastal zone.
E) source zone.

Question 31

Among deserts,grasslands,forests,and mountains,the common human impact that negatively affects all four biomes is

A) off-road vehicles
B) tourism
C) overgrazing
D) salinization
E) tree plantations

Question 32

A desert is an area where

A) evaporation is slow.
B) average annual precipitation is low.
C) most vegetation consists of grass.
D) it never rains.
E) only cactus plants grow.

Question 33

The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is

A) soil type.
B) topography.
C) magnetic fields.
D) climate.
E) rock cycle.

Question 34

The twilight (dimly lit)zone of the sea is the

A) euphotic zone.
B) abyssal zone.
C) bathyal zone.
D) coastal zone.
E) benthic zone.

Question 35

In undisturbed regions with moderate to high average annual precipitation you would most likely find

A) forest.
B) grassland.
C) desert.
D) volcanoes.
E) prairie.

Question 36

Marine and freshwater aquatic life zones are distinguished by their

A) nutrient concentration.
B) dissolved oxygen.
C) temperature.
D) salinity.
E) depth.

Question 37

In a region with erratic precipitation and periodic drought and fire,you would most likely find

A) forest.
B) grassland.
C) desert.
D) volcanoes.
E) sand dunes.

Question 38

Which of the following describes where natural grassland would most likely be found?

A) where annual precipitation exceeds 45 inches
B) where drought and fire are very rare
C) in places that are suitable for forests
D) in the zone lying between forest and desert
E) where annual precipitation is less than 10 inches

Question 39

An example of an inland wetland is a

A) salt marsh.
B) stream.
C) coral reef.
D) prairie pothole.
E) lake.

Question 40

The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the

A) estuary.
B) coastal zone.
C) littoral zone.
D) benthic zone.
E) abyssal zone.

Question 41

Natural selection can only occur if a heritable trait can be passed on to offspring at a higher rate than other individuals in a population.

Question 42

In speciation,two species interbreed to form one new species.

Question 43

Lakes that have few plant nutrients and low productivity are referred to as

A) autotrophic.
B) eutrophic.
C) oligotrophic.
D) mesotrophic.
E) oligomesotrophic.

Question 44

Economic services of freshwater systems include all of the following except

A) nutrient cycling.
B) irrigation.
C) employment.
D) hydroelectricity.
E) recreation.

Question 45

When local environmental conditions change,species may become extinct through background extinction.

Question 46

Lentic and lotic freshwaters are distinguished by

A) the amount of nutrients present.
B) salinity.
C) temperature.
D) climate.
E) whether or not the water is flowing.

Question 47

Major harmful human activities to freshwater systems include all but which one?

A) dams
B) levees
C) draining wetlands
D) boat recreation
E) city runoff

Question 48

Only mutations that occur in the genes of reproductive cells are passed on to offspring.

Question 49

An individual's acquired ability to jump could be the beginning of microevolution.

Question 50

Geological processes,catastrophes and climate change affect natural selection.

Question 51

Freshwater systems provide all of the following ecological services except

A) flood control.
B) employment.
C) ground water recharge.
D) nutrient cycling.
E) species habitat.

Question 52

Inland wetlands are valuable for

A) filtering toxic wastes.
B) filtering toxic pollutants.
C) absorbing and storing excess water from storms.
D) water fowl habitat.
E) all of these answers.

Question 53

Natural selection affects environmental conditions on populations to increase their survival rate.

Question 54

Leading biologists suggest that during the 20ᵗʰ century,extinction rates increased by 100-1000 times the natural background extinction rate.

Question 55

Without mutations biological evolution cannot happen.

Question 56

Individuals,not populations,evolve to become genetically different.

Question 57

Inland wetlands are often dredged or filled in for use as all of the following except

A) cropland.
B) garbage dumps.
C) urban development.
D) recreational water sports.
E) none of these answers

Question 58

"Survival of the fittest" refers to an organism's strength in beating out competitors for survival.

Question 59

A healthy,nutrient-rich lake is called a(n)____ lake.

A) mesotrophic
B) hypereutrophic
C) eutrophic
D) murky
E) sedimentary

Question 60

Biodiversity is a renewable resource.

Question 61

Speciation occurs when members of two species are so genetically different that they can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 62

Genetic engineers rely on the process of mutation in producing clones of an individual in a population.

Question 63

Deciduous forests are typically located at higher altitudes than coniferous forests.

Question 64

Biomes are distinct regions separated from one another by drastic climate and vegetative differences.

Question 65

Geographic isolation and reproductive isolation are the only two processes that affect the number and types of species on Earth.

Question 66

The variety of Earth's species and ecosystems is called ____________________.

Question 67

Biomes are affected by ocean currents and water flow.

Question 68

Genetic engineering involves making a modified gene,making a transgenic cell,and then growing a genetically-altered organism.

Question 69

An estuary is an important area because it is a partially enclosed area where seawater mixes with rivers and nutrient from watersheds.

Question 70

Deciduous forests are found in temperate regions while coniferous forests are found in sub-polar regions.

Question 71

The two types of aquatic life zones on Earth are freshwater life zones and coastal life zones.

Question 72

Selective breeding is a method of artificial selection.

Question 73

Economic growth and development increase the amount of sedimentation in rivers and streams and thus alter the diversity of the aquatic ecosystem.

Question 74

Deserts are primarily located in the hot,tropical regions.

Question 75

Biomes are not uniformly distributed because of discontinuities in the distribution of resources and human influence.

Question 76

Genetic diversity,species diversity,ecological diversity,and functional diversity are all part of ____________________.

Question 77

____________________ facilitates one species developing into two through mutation and natural selection.

Question 78

Tectonic plate movements,volcanic eruptions,and earthquakes can cause the extinction of existing species.

Question 79

The golden tree frog that can only be found in one particular area is an example on a(n)____________________ species.

Question 80

____________________ are classified according to the predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular environment.