Deck 13: Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in Women

Question 1

A goal for Healthy People 2020 is to reduce iron-deficiency anemia among pregnant females because the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has concluded that iron is the only known nutrient to warrant global supplementation during pregnancy.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Answer 1

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Question 2

Each of the following is true of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol syndrome disorder except one. Which one is the exception?

A) FAS is a cluster of birth defects resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure.
B) The brain is one of the first organs affected by alcohol.
C) At birth, an infant with FAS has a head circumference that is larger than normal.
D) The first trimester is the most vulnerable time for the fetus.
E) Four to five drinks per day can produce the full FAS syndrome.

Answer 2

At birth, an infant with FAS has a head circumference that is larger than normal.

Question 3

Women practicing pica behaviors are usually from lower socioeconomic groups or have less than a high school education. Pica, affecting 10% of American women, is more frequently practiced by women living in densely populated urban areas.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 3

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 4

Each of the following is a prudent recommendation for a dental hygienist to make for a menopausal patient except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Supplement calcium and vitamin D slightly beyond upper intake (UI) level because of increased metabolic needs.
B) Encourage lean protein and regular exercise to maintain muscle mass.
C) Avoid alcohol and alcohol-containing oral hygiene products if xerostomia is present.
D) Consumption of 90 mg daily of isoflavones in soy products helps to increase bone mass.

Question 5

Increased levels of vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ have been noted in women taking oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) due to increased levels of estrogen. Progestins within OCAs can cause weight gain related to increased appetite and related carbohydrate metabolism.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 6

Low-dose iron supplementation during pregnancy, even if the gravida is not anemic, improves the woman's iron status and protects the infant from iron-deficiency anemia. Maternal and fetal goiter, cretinism, and intellectual impairments are linked to infant iron deficiency.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 7

Omega-3 fatty acids, also known as docosahexaenoic acid, should not be consumed during pregnancy because they interfere with central nervous system and visual development in infants.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 8

The ideal time to begin taking folate to prevent neural tube defects is:

A) before conception.
B) once pregnancy begins.
C) at 6 weeks.
D) upon completion of the first trimester.

Question 9

Maternal iron-deficiency anemia is associated with each of the flowing except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Excessive caloric intake
B) Low iron intake
C) Increased risk of preterm delivery
D) Impaired intellectual development
E) Low birth weight

Question 10

An infant is considered premature if the gestational period is less than 39 weeks. Mortality rates are highest for infants born at 32 to 36 weeks' gestation.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Synthesis of keratin in tooth enamel depends on:

A) zinc.
B) vitamin A.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin D.

Question 12

Current recommendations for nutrition during pregnancy focus on avoidance of undernutrition because the placenta does not perform well if the mother's nutritional status is poor.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 13

The best time period for a pregnant woman to receive routine dental care is during the:

A) first 6 to 8 weeks.
B) first trimester.
C) second trimester.
D) third trimester.
E) last month.

Question 14

When talking with a young woman trying to become pregnant, the dental hygienist recalls that weight adjustment ideally should be achieved:

A) before conception.
B) after conception.
C) before labor.
D) during lactation.

Question 15

The factor that is least predictive of a healthy pregnancy is:

A) the mother's nutritional status before conception.
B) appropriate weight gain.
C) gestation of 39 to 41 weeks.
D) birth weight less than 5

Question 16

A pregnancy that occurs less than 1 year after a previous pregnancy can contribute to each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Increase incidence of preterm birth
B) Decrease of fetal calcium and iron
C) Fetal growth retardation
D) Risk of maternal mortality and morbidity

Question 17

A multivitamin supplement containing folic acid is recommended for all young women because of the number of unintentional pregnancies in women 15 to 24 years old.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 18

Most gravidas younger than 18 years old have adequate intake of calcium and iron, but lack stores of vitamins A, D, and niacin. Most girls this age are still growing and storing nutrients in their own bodies.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

Each of the following is true of health issues concerning maternal weight before and during pregnancy except one. Which one is the exception?

A) The goal for women who are overweight before pregnancy is to avoid excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
B) Women who gain more than 22 pounds during pregnancy are more likely to retain the weight.
C) The risk of spontaneous preterm birth decreases in underweight women.
D) Infants born to mothers who gain more than 50 pounds during pregnancy are at risk for higher body mass in later life.

Question 20

Tooth development begins early in the second trimester. Calcification of deciduous teeth begins around the fourth month.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 21

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
A leading cause of death related to food borne illness

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 22

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Breastfeeding

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 23

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Impairment of sense of touch

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 24

Infant birth weights are most affected by nutrient intake during which gestational time period? (Select all that apply.)

A) The first 6 to 8 weeks
B) The first trimester
C) The second trimester
D) The third trimester

Question 25

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Folic acid antagonist

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 26

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Absence of major portion of the brain and skull

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 27

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Decreased production of estrogen and progesterone

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 28

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Low levels of estrogen and progesterone

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 29

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Deficiency or excessive amount of a specific nutrient

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 30

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Pregnant woman

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 31

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
Formation of red blood cells

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis

Question 32

Which of the following are true regarding prenatal physiologic roles of zinc? (Select all that apply.)

A) Zinc is crucial early in pregnancy for formation of fetal organs.
B) An increase in high-protein food improves zinc intake.
C) Zinc is critical to erythropoiesis.
D) Severe zinc deficiency is associated with congenital rickets.
E) Requirements are highest in late pregnancy for fetal growth and development.

Question 33

Only 22% to 34% if women receive dental care during pregnancy. Which of the following accurately describe prenatal oral health concerns? (Select all that apply.)

A) Pregnancy gingivitis usually becomes evident in the second trimester.
B) Even when oral problems exist, most women do not see a dentist.
C) Pregnancy tumors are large lumps originating from gingivitis.
D) Periodontal disease is a significant risk factor for preeclampsia.
E) Dental erosion can result from nausea during pregnancy.

Question 34

Which of the following are weight-related pregnancy complications? (Select all that apply.)

A) Listeriosis
B) Cesarean delivery
C) Large-for-gestational-age infants
D) Preeclampsia

Question 35

Which of the following are appropriate nutritional recommendations for a dental hygienist to provide to lactating mothers? (Select all that apply.)

A) Breastfeeding is positively related with child mental development.
B) Vegan mothers may be deficient in vitamin B₁₂.
C) Prescription drugs should be avoided, but herbal supplements are safe because they do not pass into breast milk.
D) Fortified milk and cereals should be avoided because of processing concerns.
E) Breastfeeding helps with weight loss.

Question 36

Nutritional counseling is an integral component to the practice of dental hygiene, but perhaps of even greater value with pregnant patients. Match the condition or term with the appropriate description or result.
High blood pressure that can cause premature delivery

A)Nutritional insult
B)Preeclampsia
C)Gravida
D)Erythropoiesis
E)Anencephaly
F)Lactation
G)Alcohol
H)Dysesthesia
I)Menopause
J)Hormone replacement therapy
K)Toxoplasmosis