Deck 19: Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease

Question 1

A medical and social history can indicate whether a patient is at risk of nutrient deficiencies due to alcoholism or anorexia. A lack of nutrients from such conditions frequently initiates gingival inflammation.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 1

The first statement is true; the second is false.

Question 2

The physical effects of food on periodontal health are varied. Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the physical effects of food on periodontal health except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of monosaccharides.
B) Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of disaccharides.
C) Local irritating factors in conjunction such as plaque biofilm influence biofilm formation and adhesion.
D) Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow.

Answer 2

Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow.

Question 3

Recommendations the dental hygienist can make to a patient with lip and tongue ulcers include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Spicy and acidic foods should be avoided.
B) Eat a variety of foods from each of the food groups.
C) Additional protein in the form of beans, low-fat cottage cheese, or skim milk is beneficial.
D) Avoid small, frequent meals by eating a well-balanced full meal less frequently.
E) A full liquid diet for 1 to 3 days may be advisable.

Answer 3

Avoid small, frequent meals by eating a well-balanced full meal less frequently.

Question 4

In later stages of periodontal disease, excess glucose and sucrose result in increased bacterial growth because biofilm development is continual and never reaches a steady state.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 5

Protein or vitamin C deficiencies are contributing factors to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG). These deficiencies commonly occur in nursing mothers and overweight older adults.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 6

Which nutrient is essential for normal growth and development of salivary glands and epithelial tissue?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin B complex
D) Zinc

Question 7

For patients with both gingivitis and periodontitis, intake of nutrients slightly beyond recommended levels is advised because slightly elevate nutrient levels enhance the healing process.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 8

Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion and formation is influenced by frequent consumption of polysaccharides and protein. Subgingival plaque biofilm seems to be protected from local effect of sugars.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 9

When nutrient intake is poor because of oral pain, which of the following is the best recommendation the dental hygienist can make?

A) Encourage using a blender to puree foods.
B) Encourage a liquid nutritional supplement.
C) Suggest hot teas to relieve the pain.
D) Encourage frozen desserts to relieve pain.
E) Encourage flavored gelatin deserts.

Question 10

Which of the following is most likely to initiate periodontal disease?

A) Nutrient deficiencies
B) Nutrient excesses
C) Nutrient imbalances
D) Plaque biofilm
E) Megadoses of supplements

Question 11

Each of the following is true of a full liquid diet except one. Which one is the exception?

A) May be required for the first 1 to 3 days
B) Provides food in a liquid form for patients unable to chew
C) Kilocalorie value is usually adequate
D) Contains high-protein, high-kilocalorie fluids
E) Contains semi-solid foods

Question 12

Bacterial growth and plaque formation are enhanced by a diet with frequent intake of retentive carbohydrates. Gingivitis is an irreversible change in the interdental papillary tissues.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 13

Plaque biofilm is physically removed by eating firm foods, because the increased salivary flow elicited by chewing these foods enhances oral clearance.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 14

Periodontal disease is the leading reason for tooth loss for patients older than 65 years. Nutritional deficiencies can modify the body's response to periodontal disease.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 15

Calcification of the alveolus and cementum requires which nutrients? (Select all that apply.)

A) Vitamins A, C, D, and E
B) Amino acids
C) Calcium
D) Phosphorus
E) Carbohydrates

Question 16

Each of the following is a factor to consider prior to making dietary recommendations for a patient who is scheduled for periodontal surgery except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Extent of the surgery
B) Potential postoperative discomfort
C) Patient's ability to eat after the surgery
D) Limitation of kilocalories to be consumed

Question 17

Which of the following combination of situations is most likely to increase risk of severity of periodontal disease?

A) Local irritating factors in combination with systemic factors
B) Local irritating factors alone
C) Systemic factors
D) Systemic factors in combination with medications

Question 18

Gingivitis is usually reversible because there is no loss of connective tissue or bone support.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 19

Although a balanced diet is essential to tissue healing and repair, which of the following should the dental hygienist identify as the nutrient of highest priority for a patient with gingivitis or periodontal disease?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Monosaccharides

Question 20

As with dental caries, nutrition has direct involvement in periodontal disease. Suppuration, an increased oral clearance time of food, contributes to both periodontal disease and dental caries.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 21

Nutritional counseling by the dental hygienist must incorporate an assessment and thorough understanding of gingival and periodontal disease states.
Match the terms descriptive of aspects of gingival and periodontal diseases with their appropriate description.
Formation and discharge of pus

A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test

Question 22

Which of the following accurately depict systemic nutritional factors as they relate to immunocompetence of the periodontium? (Select all that apply.)

A) A deficiency of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D are often the primary cause of bone loss.
B) Recovery from periodontitis is enhanced by adequate nutrient reserves.
C) Adequate vitamin C reserves can help ensure wound healing.
D) The dental hygienist should help the patient understand the role of fermentable carbohydrates in oral diseases.

Question 23

Nutritional counseling by the dental hygienist must incorporate an assessment and thorough understanding of gingival and periodontal disease states.
Match the terms descriptive of aspects of gingival and periodontal diseases with their appropriate description.
Greyish sloughing of the gingiva

A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test

Question 24

During initial assessment, a dental hygienist documents purplish red gingival tissues, pockets of 4 mm or more, and pain. Which of the following are appropriate dental hygiene interventions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Oral debridement to deplaque teeth
B) Recommend an antimicrobial agent
C) Encourage appropriate techniques for optimal oral self-care
D) Prescribe antibiotics
E) Identify and recommend modification of defective restorations

Question 25

Nutritional counseling by the dental hygienist must incorporate an assessment and thorough understanding of gingival and periodontal disease states.
Match the terms descriptive of aspects of gingival and periodontal diseases with their appropriate description.
Causative agent in NUG

A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test

Question 26

Nutritional counseling by the dental hygienist must incorporate an assessment and thorough understanding of gingival and periodontal disease states.
Match the terms descriptive of aspects of gingival and periodontal diseases with their appropriate description.
Determines low pH in the oral cavity

A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test

Question 27

Nutritional counseling by the dental hygienist must incorporate an assessment and thorough understanding of gingival and periodontal disease states.
Match the terms descriptive of aspects of gingival and periodontal diseases with their appropriate description.
Separation of collagen fibers from cementum

A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test

Question 28

Which of the following accurately describe aspects of chronic periodontitis? (Select all that apply.)

A) Clinical attachment loss occurs.
B) Incisal movement of the junctional epithelium occurs.
C) Bone loss results from this destructive disease.
D) Purulent exudate is possible from periodontal pockets.
E) Chronic periodontitis is generalized throughout the mouth.

Question 29

Which of the following are major components of the American Dental Hygienists' Association's (ADHA) tobacco-cessation action plan? (Select all that apply.)

A) Ask
B) Advise
C) Evaluate
D) Refer

Question 30

Nutritional counseling by the dental hygienist must incorporate an assessment and thorough understanding of gingival and periodontal disease states.
Match the terms descriptive of aspects of gingival and periodontal diseases with their appropriate description.
Periodontal dressing

A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test

Question 31

Elements in the development of gingivitis include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Local factors
B) Systemic factors
C) Antihistamines
D) Hormonal changes
E) Vitamin A deficiency

Question 32

Which of the following correctly describe necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis? (Select all that apply.)

A) An acute periodontal disease
B) Prevalent in the elderly
C) Characterized by red and shiny gingiva
D) Sweet smelling breath
E) Common complaints include a burning mouth

Question 33

Which of the following is true of gingivitis? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is a progressive inflammatory process.
B) It begins in the interdental papilla and advances to the attached gingiva.
C) It is easily identified by its classic, dark reddish-blue color.
D) Excessive stippling is present.

Question 34

Following surgery, a mechanically altered diet may be advised. Which of the following are true of this diet? (Select all that apply.)

A) It is also called the full liquid diet.
B) It is a regular diet altered in consistency and texture for ease of mastication.
C) It includes soft, ripened, chopped, ground, mashed, and pureed foods.
D) The foods are generally dry.
E) It is usually recommended for 3 to 7 days.

Question 35

Nutritional counseling by the dental hygienist must incorporate an assessment and thorough understanding of gingival and periodontal disease states.
Match the terms descriptive of aspects of gingival and periodontal diseases with their appropriate description.
Chronic inflammation

A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test