Deck 1: Overview of Healthy Eating Habits

Question 1

Increasing the variety of foods often causes nutrient excesses and toxicities. A dietary change to eliminate or increase intake of one specific food or nutrient usually alters the intake of other nutrients.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 1

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 2

Each of the following nutrients provide energy except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fats
D) Vitamins
E) Alcohol

Answer 2

Vitamins

Question 3

Each of the following is true of the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) except one. Which one is the exception?

A) AMDRs were established to ensure sufficient intakes of the micronutrients.
B) One focus of the AMDRs is reduction of chronic disease.
C) Macronutrients are fat, carbohydrate, protein, and two polyunsaturated fatty acids.
D) Consuming amounts outside the AMDRs increases risk of insufficient intake of essential nutrients.

Answer 3

AMDRs were established to ensure sufficient intakes of the micronutrients.

Question 4

Which nutrient is the most important?

A) Protein
B) Carbohydrate
C) Minerals
D) Water

Question 5

Each of the following accurately describe aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) except one. Which one is the exception?

A) The DRIs replace the older recommended daily allowances.
B) Current DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health.
C) DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state.
D) The DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.

Question 6

Each of the following is true regarding weight maintenance except one. Which one is the exception?

A) 1600 to 2400 kilocalories are recommended for adult women.
B) 2000 to 3000 kilocalories are recommended for adult men.
C) Kilocalories from alcohol do not count because they are expended rapidly.
D) A patient needing 2000 kcal/day should limit saturated fat intake to 20 g or less.

Question 7

The human body has adaptive mechanisms that tolerate modest ranges in nutrient intakes. The metabolic rate usually increases to compensate for decreased caloric intake.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 8

Each of the following is true regarding designations for professionals in the field of nutrition except one. Which one is the exception?

A) A nutritionist usually works in a public health setting.
B) A registered dietitian (RD) must pass a national registration examination.
C) An RD who works in public health can call herself a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN).
D) A dietetic technician, registered (DTR) works under supervision of a registered nurse.

Question 9

Which set of guidelines is intended to assess nutrient adequacy or planning intakes of population groups, not individuals?

A) Old recommended dietary allowances (RDA)
B) Estimated average requirement (EAR)
C) New recommended dietary allowances (RDA)
D) Tolerable upper intake level (UL)

Question 10

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) are expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, because an intake of each depends on intake of the others or of the total energy requirement of the individual. Increasing or decreasing one energy source while consuming a set amount of kilocalories affects the intake of the other sources of energy.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 11

Nutrition is the process by which living things use food to obtain nutrients for energy, growth and development. Energy is the measure of heat equivalent to 1000 calories needed to do work.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 12

Healthy People (HP 2020), issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has resulted in a reduction of deaths from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers. It also has resulted in decreased dental caries in children aged 2 to 4 years and adults aged 53 to 44 years.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 13

Dietary guidelines recommend lowering caloric requirements for older adults because metabolic rate increases with age.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason are correct.

Question 14

Increase in consumption of which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?

A) Carbohydrate intake
B) Protein intake
C) Fat intake
D) Total kilocalories

Question 15

The terms calorie and kilocalorie are synonymous and can be used interchangeably. The term kilocalorie is an older term, often associated with the metric system.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 16

The average amount of a nutrient that seems to maintain a defined nutritional state is measured by the:

A) recommended daily allowance (RDA).
B) estimated average requirement (EAR).
C) adequate intake (AI).
D) acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR).

Question 17

Precursors are substances from which an active substance is formed. Nonessential nutrients cannot be synthesized from other substances.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 18

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines, released in 2011, reflect the preponderance of scientific evidence based on current nutrition-related health problems and contain technical information. MyPyramid, released with the 2010 publication, translates the dietary guidelines into a consumer-friendly form for the public.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

Each of the following is true regarding considerations that a dental hygienist must make when making dietary recommendations except one. Which one is the exception?

A) The dietary reference intakes (DRI) can be used as an assessment guide for all patients.
B) An individual's exact requirement for a specific nutrient is not known.
C) The upper limits (ULs) can be used to warn patients of adverse effects of excessive intake of nutrients.
D) The DRIs are general guidelines and do not provide specific requirements.
E) Specific foods or groups of foods should be discussed rather than nutrients.

Question 20

The nutrient-based reference value that is defined as dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy individuals of a defined age, gender, and weight is the:

A) acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR).
B) estimated energy requirement (EER).
C) recommended daily allowance (RDA).
D) estimated average requirement (EAR).

Question 21

The dairy group includes butter and cream because they are high in calcium, riboflavin, and protein.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 22

It is difficult for consumers to identify whole grain products, because labeling is inconsistent and color is a poor indicator.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 23

Consumption of milk and milk products can promote the achievement of peak bone mass in children and adolescents. Studies indicate that higher dairy consumption is associated with decreased dental caries, but has no effect on periodontal disease.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 24

Each of the following is true of obesity except one. Which is the exception?

A) The prevalence of obesity is showing signs of leveling off.
B) During the past 20 years, the heaviest body mass index groups have been increasing at the fastest rates.
C) Statistics are more promising for ethnic groups because prevalence is less than in white Americans.
D) Hypertension, osteoarthritis, and elevated blood cholesterol accompany obesity.
E) Larger waist measurements are associated with increased health risks.

Question 25

Surveys show that most Americans eat only about half of the recommended vegetables per week. The high water and high-fiber content of vegetables counteract the low levels of cholesterol present in many dark-green vegetables.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 26

Each of the following is true of terminology on food nutrition labels except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Daily reference values (DRVs) are the levels of nutrients considerable desirable for health.
B) A product's nutrient profile is based on the percentage of DRVs, but the term daily value (DV) is used on the label.
C) For ease of standardizing the label, 2000 kcal is the reference amount for calculating the percentage of the DV in a serving.
D) The amounts for the nutrients are based on the daily value (DV).

Question 27

Each of the following accurately describes features of MyPlate except one. Which one is the exception?

A) MyPlate replaces the well-known food guide, MyPyramid.
B) The interactive website is intended to help consumers apply personalized dietary guidance.
C) Whereas MyPyramid was more specific in many areas, MyPlate provides more general information.
D) Foods providing similar types of nutrients are grouped together and emphasizes proportionality of food selections.
E) MyPlate is designed as a food guidance tool for the general public.

Question 28

Current scientific evidence shows that most people consume only half the required amount of protein. Protein supplements promoted to increase muscle mass contain several amino acids not easily absorbed from foods.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 29

Which of the following food provides the most protein?

A) Beans
B) Red peppers
C) Asparagus
D) Celery

Question 30

Each of the following is true of dietary considerations from the milk and milk product groups except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Fortified milk products are important sources of vitamin D.
B) Many mild substitutes are not fortified with vitamin D.
C) Children 2 to 3 years of age need 2 cups of milk daily.
D) Whole milk and many cheeses are high in unsaturated fat.

Question 31

The Nutrition Facts Panel on brownie mix shows the following: 1 serving is one twentieth of the mix. Each serving contains 120 calories, 20 calories from fat, 17 g of sugar, and 10 g of protein. What is the approximate percentage of sugar in the brownie mix?

A) 17%
B) 27%
C) 57%
D) 73%

Question 32

The process of restoring iron, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, and niacin removed during processing to approximately their original levels is called:

A) fortification.
B) enrichment.
C) satiety.
D) ghrelin.

Question 33

Macronutrients include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Fat
B) Polyunsaturated fatty acids
C) Carbohydrate
D) Protein
E) Vitamins

Question 34

The messages of MyPlate convey include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Fruits and vegetables should fill half the plate.
B) Fruit juices should be consumed frequently.
C) Lean proteins foods should be chosen in moderation.
D) Whole grains should occupy about one fourth of the plate.
E) Physical activity is encouraged through the activity tab that has links to MyJournal.

Question 35

Each of the following is true regarding body weight in relation to height except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Currently, the body mass index (BMI) is the preferred method of defining body weight in relation to height.
B) BMI is determined mathematically by first dividing weight by height, dividing this number by height again, and multiplying this number by 703.
C) Chronic disease risk increases in most people with a BMI greater than 25.
D) Major ethnic differences exist regarding BMI.
E) BMI reveals significant details about overall body composition.

Question 36

Unsweetened juices and milk contain significant amounts of sugars because of the natural content of simple carbohydrates.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct, but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 37

Which bread has the most magnesium?

A) Enriched white
B) Whole wheat
C) Whole grain
D) Rye

Question 38

The nutrient facts panel was established by the USDA and the FDA to improve health and well-being by enhancing nutritional knowledge. Nutrient content claims describe a relationship between a food or food component and reduced risk of a disease or health-related condition.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 39

Each of the following daily reference values (DRVs) is correct except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Protein: 50 g
B) Carbohydrate: 300g
C) Total fat: <65 g
D) Sodium: <2400 mg
E) Fiber: 50 g

Question 40

Qualified health claims must be supported by qualified experts because although they are supported by some evidence, they do not meet the scientific standard.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct, but they are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason are correct.

Question 41

Each of the following are usual results of bariatric surgery except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Greater and sustained weight loss than conventional methods
B) Reduced incidence of diabetes
C) Reduced incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease
D) A shorter life span