Deck 2: Concepts in Biochemistry

Question 1

Each of the following is a component of an amino acid except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Carbon dioxide group (CO₂)
B) Amino group (-NH₃⁺)
C) Carboxyl group (-COO^-)
D) Side chain (R group)

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide group (CO₂)

Question 2

Biochemists organize the variety in chemical structure by classifying molecules into functional groups. A functional group is a group of atoms that gives a family of molecules its characteristic chemical and physical properties.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Answer 2

Both statements are true.

Question 3

The biological function that plants use to make the carbohydrate animals can use for energy and oxygen is called:

A) oxidation-reduction.
B) condensation.
C) hydrolysis.
D) photosynthesis.

Answer 3

photosynthesis.

Question 4

Each of the following is a major area of biochemistry except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Structure
B) Function
C) Metabolism
D) Information

Question 5

During the Krebs cycle complete aerobic oxidation of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) produces each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) CO₂
B) H₂O
C) ATP
D) Amino acids

Question 6

The biomolecules necessary for life are based on carbon because carbon has the ability to form glycosidic bonds to itself and many other atoms.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct, but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 7

Which function has the least priority for protein?

A) Energy storage
B) Providing structure
C) Muscle contraction
D) Catalyzing reactions
E) Regulating metabolism

Question 8

Fatty acids are structural components that are present in more complex lips, such as triglycerides (TGs). Also referred to as triacylglycerols, TGs synthesize fatty acids.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 9

Each of the following exemplifies glycosidic bonding reactions except one. Which one is the exception?

A) A condensation reaction can unite two glucose monomers into maltose.
B) Maltose is a disaccharide that results from degradation of starch.
C) Maltose is used in brewing and in alcoholic beverages.
D) The disaccharide lactose is formed from the two monosaccharides: galactose and glucose.
E) When fructose and sucrose combine, glucose is formed.

Question 10

Enzymes perform all the chemical reactions of metabolism involving degradation and biosynthesis of biomolecules required for life. Proteases, amylases, and lipases are coenzymes.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 11

Each of the following is true of proteins except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Proteins are composed of building blocks called amino acids.
B) The classification of the 20 common amino acids is based on the structure of their amino group.
C) The general structure of an amino acid varies considerably.
D) Amino acids polymerize to form long chains called polypeptides.
E) Amino acids contain strong covalent peptide bonds.

Question 12

Antioxidants like vitamins C and E are added to unsaturated fats because antioxidants prevent rancidity associated with the oxidation during preparation of vegetable oils and margarines.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 13

In metabolism, energy is extracted from glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and converted to carbon dioxide (CO₂) by which chemical reaction?

A) Oxidation
B) Reduction
C) Hydrolysis
D) Condensation

Question 14

Carbohydrates are classified as each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Monosaccharides
B) Disaccharides
C) Polysaccharides
D) Triglycerides

Question 15

In general, a condensation reaction creates a new molecule by:

A) breaking a larger molecule into two smaller molecules.
B) forming an ionic bond between a metal and a nonmetal ion.
C) forming a bond between two smaller molecules.
D) sharing two electrons between two nonmetals.

Question 16

Coenzymes are protein organic substances that assist enzymes in converting the substrate into a carbohydrate. Many vitamins are converted into biologically active coenzymes.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 17

Saturated fatty acids are alkenes that contain one or more C=C (double) bond. Unsaturated fatty acids, contain only one C=C bond.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 18

A biomolecule is a substance required by the body that must be supplied by an outside source. During metabolism, energy can be extracted from dietary carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and can be used to create biomolecules required for life.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 19

Cholesterol is the most abundant lipoprotein and is important to biological membranes. Cholesterol is also the precursor of steroid hormones, bile acids, and the lipid-soluble vitamin D.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 20

Each of the following is a characteristic or function of lipids except one. Which one is the exception?

A) Lipids are involved in energy metabolism and storage.
B) Lipids provide insulation and protection.
C) Lipids acts as hormones that regulate the body.
D) Lipids are hydrophilic.

Question 21

When the body's stores of energy are depleted, the pancreas becomes involved because gluconeogenesis can convert pyruvate into glucose for energy.

A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Question 22

Each of the following is true of lipids except one. Which one is the exception?

A) The catabolism of lipids is a major source of energy for the body.
B) Lipids can by oxidized to produce more energy than carbohydrates or proteins.
C) The hydrous nature of lipids make them retain water.
D) Lipids can be stored in adipose tissue in unlimited amounts.