Deck 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?

A)cloud
B)nucleus
C)element
D)ring
E)shell

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Describe the law of conservation of energy.

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

Briefly describe the octet rule.

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are

A)neutrons,quarks,and muons.
B)protons,neutrons,and electrons.
C)muons,positons,and neutrons.
D)electrons,quarks,and protons.
E)positons,protons,and neutrons.

Question 5

What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?

A)nitrogen,oxygen,calcium,sodium
B)hydrogen,carbon,phosphorus,calcium
C)carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen
D)oxygen,nitrogen,potassium,calcium
E)potassium,phosphorus,sodium,hydrogen

Question 6

This is defined as the capacity to do work.

A)metabolism
B)electrolytes
C)chemical reaction
D)concentration
E)energy

Question 7

The chemical bonds formed between the atoms in a water molecule are called

A)nonpolar covalent bonds.
B)polar covalent bonds.
C)hydrogen bonds.
D)ionic bonds.
E)atomic bonds.

Question 8

This type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms.

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)hydrogen
D)atomic
E)electronic

Question 9

Describe a beneficial use of radiation.

Question 10

This is the name given to a negatively charged atom.

A)superoxide
B)isotope
C)catalyst
D)anion
E)cation

Question 11

This refers to a weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

A)mass number
B)atomic number
C)atomic mass
D)ionic mass
E)covalent mass

Question 12

Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds??1.neutron?2.electron?3.proton

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)2 & 3 only
E)1,2 & 3

Question 13

A chemical that can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water is called a(n)

A)isotope.
B)isomer.
C)compound.
D)electrolyte
E)valence molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following subatomic particles has a neutral charge?

A)neutron
B)electron
C)proton
D)Both neutron and electron.
E)All of these choices.

Question 15

The nucleus of unstable _____ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.

A)compounds
B)cations
C)anions
D)isotopes
E)molecules

Question 16

This relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?

A)nonpolar covalent
B)polar covalent
C)hydrogen
D)ionic
E)atomic

Question 17

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's

A)mass number.
B)atomic number.
C)atomic mass.
D)valence number.
E)None of these choices.

Question 18

A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _______ of two different atoms.

A)neutrons
B)protons
C)isotopes
D)valence electrons
E)ions

Question 19

This type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases.

A)exergonic
B)endergonic
C)potential
D)kinetic
E)activation

Question 20

Describe a hydrogen bond.

Question 21

This is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body.

A)water
B)oxygen gas
C)carbon dioxide
D)glucose
E)DNA

Question 22

This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.

A)saturated
B)monounsaturated
C)polyunsaturated
D)volatile
E)short chain

Question 23

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?

A)glucose
B)sucrose
C)lactose
D)glycogen
E)maltose

Question 24

Describe the functions of water in the body.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?

A)They contain a glycerol backbone.
B)The head group is polar.
C)The molecule is an important part of cell membranes.
D)The tail groups are nonpolar.
E)They are a major form of energy storage.

Question 26

Which of the following is a proton donor?

A)acid
B)base
C)salt
D)organic compound
E)colloid

Question 27

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are?1 synthesized from cholesterol.?2 lipids.?3 eicosanoids.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 2 and 3
E)1,2 and 3

Question 28

Specific arrangements of atoms within an organic molecule that confer characteristic chemical properties upon that molecule are called

A)hydrocarbon chains.
B)polymers.
C)carbon skeleton.
D)functional groups.
E)isomers.

Question 29

This type of chemical reaction combines reactants to produce larger products.

A)synthesis
B)decomposition
C)potential
D)exchange
E)activated

Question 30

This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones.

A)arachidonic acid
B)phospholipid
C)cholesterol
D)triglyceride
E)lipoprotein

Question 31

An enzyme acts to

A)raise the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
B)lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
C)convert the activation energy into potential energy.
D)convert the activation energy into kinetic energy.
E)stop a chemical reaction.

Question 32

A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)

A)electrolyte.
B)salt.
C)cation.
D)colloid.
E)buffer.

Question 33

This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.

A)steroid
B)phospholipid
C)cholesterol
D)triglyceride
E)lipoprotein

Question 34

Glucose and fructose both have the chemical formula (C₆H₁₂O₆)so they are considered

A)isotopes.
B)polymers.
C)monomers.
D)isomers.
E)isogenic.

Question 35

In the body fluid compartments found in the human body,the solvent is

A)glucose.
B)lipids.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)water.
E)electrolyte.

Question 36

List three factors that increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 37

A solute that readily dissolves in water is

A)hydrophobic.
B)hydrostatic.
C)lipophilic.
D)hydrophilic.
E)hydrozone.

Question 38

This type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products.

A)synthesis
B)decomposition
C)potential
D)exchange
E)activated

Question 39

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells?

A)cellulose
B)ribose
C)lipids
D)glucose
E)glycogen

Question 40

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is

A)basic.
B)neutral.
C)acidic.
D)alkaline.
E)concentrated.

Question 41

In the diagram,which labeled structure is a pyrimidine base?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)None of these choices.

Question 42

In the diagram,which particles are found in the atom's nucleus?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)Both A and B.
E)None of these choices.

Question 43

Describe what is happening at places 1,2 and 3 in the diagram.

Question 44

What type of molecule is shown in the diagram? Where in a eukaryotic cell would this type of molecule be commonly found? What special chemical properties does this molecule possess that allows it to accomplish its functions?

Question 45

In the diagram,removal of one or more of this type of subatomic particle would result in the formation of a cation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)All of these choices.
E)None of these choices.

Question 46

Which of the following is the major function of DNA?

A)catalyzes metabolic reactions
B)storage of energy
C)transfer information for protein synthesis
D)long-term storage of information for protein synthesis
E)transport of electrolytes

Question 47

In the diagram,which labeled structure is a purine base?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)Both A and B.
E)All of these choices

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?

A)Enzymes are catalytic proteins.
B)Enzymes are highly specific.
C)Enzymes are efficient.
D)Enzymes are subject to a variety of cellular controls.
E)Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze.

Question 49

In the diagram which particles are negatively charged?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)All of these choices.
E)None of these choices.

Question 50

Which of the labeled structures are found in DNA but not RNA????1 A?2 B?3 C?4 E

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)4 only
E)1 and 4

Question 51

The primary structure of a protein consists of

A)alpha helices.
B)beta-pleated sheets.
C)three dimensional folded conformation.
D)a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
E)the overall folded conformation of the protein's subunits.

Question 52

Which of the following is a purine base?

A)cytosine
B)guanine
C)thymine
D)uracil
E)None of these choices.

Question 53

Which of the following is a common function of RNA?

A)produce electrical impulses
B)storage of energy
C)transfer information for protein synthesis
D)long-term storage of information for protein synthesis
E)transport of fluids

Question 54

Describe what happens to a protein's structure and function when it is denatured.

Question 55

Describe the structural characteristics of an amino acid.

Question 56

Which monomer is used to build RNA and DNA?

A)fatty acid
B)amino acid
C)monosaccharide
D)glycerol
E)nucleotide

Question 57

List the six major functions of proteins.

Question 58

In the diagram,which labeled structure is deoxyribose?

A)B
B)E
C)F
D)None of these choices.
E)The entire structure is considered a deoxyribose molecule.

Question 59

Describe the basic chemical principle that is shown in this diagram?

Question 60

Which of the following describes the major function of ATP in cells?

A)building block for the synthesis of proteins.
B)transfers energy for cell functions
C)transfers information for protein synthesis
D)stores information for protein synthesis
E)transports fluids

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT an antioxidant?

A)selenium
B)zinc
C)superoxide
D)vitamin C
E)beta-carotene

Question 62

Which of the following chemical elements present in the body is considered a lesser element?

A)nitrogen
B)oxygen
C)calcium
D)iodine
E)chromium

Question 63

Which of the following chemical elements present in the body is NOT a trace element?

A)chlorine
B)zinc
C)selenium
D)iodine
E)boron

Question 64

Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide?

A)ribose
B)lactose
C)galactose
D)glycogen
E)cellulose

Question 65

Which of the following chemical elements present in the body is considered a lesser element?

A)phosphorus
B)oxygen
C)nitrogen
D)aluminum
E)copper

Question 66

Which of the following chemical elements present in the body is NOT considered a lesser element?

A)sulfur
B)oxygen
C)magnesium
D)potassium
E)calcium

Question 67

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element chlorine in the human body?

A)ionized form makes body fluids acidic
B)ionized form is most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid
C)forms backbone of all organic molecules
D)required for bone and tooth structure
E)ionized form is most plentiful cation in extracellular fluid

Question 68

In the diagram,what would happen to the concentration of C if the concentration of A increases?

A)increases
B)decreases
C)no change

Question 69

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element nitrogen in the human body?

A)ionized form makes body fluids acidic
B)ionized form is most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid
C)ionized form is needed for action of many enzymes
D)is a component of all proteins and nucleic acids
E)ionized form is most plentiful cation in extracellular fluid

Question 70

Which of the following substances has a pH closest to 7.0?

A)lye
B)vaginal fluid
C)semen
D)gastric juice
E)milk of magnesia

Question 71

Which of the following can lower the amount of free radicals in the body?

A)x-rays
B)ultraviolet radiation
C)oxygen
D)carbon tetrachloride
E)antioxidants

Question 72

Which of the following chemical elements present in the body is considered a trace element?

A)chlorine
B)oxygen
C)iron
D)iodine
E)nitrogen

Question 73

In the diagram,what pH value represents an acidic solution?

A)12
B)10
C)8
D)6
E)None of these choices.

Question 74

Which of the following illustrates the use of a radioisotope as a tracer?

A)monitor blood flow through the heart
B)shrink a tumor by killing tumor cells with emitted radiation
C)destroy overactive thyroid gland
D)treat prostate cancer
E)treat advanced cervical cancer

Question 75

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the human body?

A)ionized form makes body fluids acidic
B)constituent of water
C)forms backbone of all organic molecules
D)required to harden the structure of bones and teeth
E)ionized form is the part of hemoglobin that carries oxygen

Question 76

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element magnesium in the human body?

A)ionized form makes body fluids acidic
B)ionized form is most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid
C)ionized form is needed for action of many enzymes
D)is a component of all proteins and nucleic acids
E)ionized form is most plentiful cation in extracellular fluid

Question 77

Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?

A)ribose
B)lactose
C)glycogen
D)maltose
E)galactose

Question 78

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element iron in the human body?

A)ionized form makes body fluids acidic
B)used to generate ATP
C)forms backbone of all organic molecules
D)required for bone and tooth structure
E)ionized forms are part of hemoglobin

Question 79

Which of the following substances has a pH closest to 7.0?

A)lye
B)vaginal fluid
C)gastric juice
D)cerebrospinal fluid
E)milk of magnesia

Question 80

What is the difference between atomic mass,mass number and atomic number?