Deck 13: Health

Question 1

The ______ is a large and growing network of private corporations engaged in the business of supplying health-care services to patients for profit-services that used to be provided by government,nonprofit institutions,or individual practitioners.

A)Affordable Care Act
B)welfare state
C)medical-industrial complex
D)neoliberal health provision

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The United States operates under a ______ system of governance,with a health-care sector dominated by private rather than government interests.

A)democratic
B)feudalistic
C)neoliberal
D)welfare

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Sociologists would consider all of the following flawed assumptions about health EXCEPT ______.

A)genetics explain illness and disease to the exclusion of social factors
B)the sick experience downward social mobility
C)people adopt lifestyle choices that make them sick
D)social conditions often influence people's choices and the options available to them

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of the following are criticisms of advertising prescription drugs directly to consumers EXCEPT that it ______.

A)misinforms patients
B)minimizes drug benefits
C)manufactures disease
D)encourages the overutilization of drugs

Question 5

Health care in ______ states has traditionally been provided by the government.

A)democratic
B)feudalistic
C)neoliberal
D)welfare

Question 6

The tendency for a slave to run away from his or her master was known as ______.

A)drapetomania
B)depression
C)excoriation disorder
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 7

Compared to men,women are more likely to ______.

A)delay visiting a doctor
B)live longer
C)underreport pain or other symptoms
D)skip checkups and examinations

Question 8

Before the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,______ million people in the United States did not have any form of health insurance.

A)14
B)24
C)44
D)94

Question 9

______ is characterized by inattention and hyperactivity and impulsivity.

A)Drapetomania
B)Depression
C)Excoriation disorder
D)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 10

The stress of working conditions that combine low autonomy and high workloads in an unsupportive environment has been shown to cause up to ______ of cardiovascular mortality in the United States.

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)35%

Question 11

Nearly ______ of school-age children have received a medical diagnosis of ADHD.

A)4%
B)11%
C)20%
D)32%

Question 12

Expenditures on prescription medicines make up approximately ______ of the U.S.gross national product.

A)5%
B)15%
C)25%
D)35%

Question 13

The ______is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.

A)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B)Mental Disorder Manual Index
C)Chronicle of Mental Maladies and Illnesses
D)Diagnostic Criteria for Health and Illness

Question 14

Indigenous Australian women are ______ times more likely to die from cervical cancer than non-Indigenous women.

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 15

The term attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)did not emerge in the United States until the ______.

A)1850s
B)1900s
C)1950s
D)2000s

Question 16

______ is characterized by prolonged periods of sadness and feelings of worthlessness and has been strongly linked to lower levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin within the brain.

A)Gender-specific sexual dysfunction
B)Depression
C)Excoriation disorder
D)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 17

Compared to men,women are more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A)visit the doctor more frequently
B)die at an early age
C)be hospitalized more frequently
D)be diagnosed with ill-health more frequently

Question 18

The disorder that involves obsessive and compulsive skin picking is diagnosed as ______.

A)drapetomania
B)depression
C)excoriation disorder
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 19

Men in unskilled manual labor are ______ times more likely to die prematurely than men working in professions.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 20

A study of the management of appendicitis revealed that,compared to Caucasian children in the United States,African American children have ______.

A)a higher rate of hospitalization
B)lower rates of perforation of the appendix
C)higher rates of the less-invasive laparoscopic surgery
D)a longer delay in surgical management of the condition

Question 21

Some sociological theorists argue that medicine has gone beyond its functional role of enhancing health and instead is used as a form of ______.

A)status identity
B)supporting social norms
C)marginalization
D)social control

Question 22

The consistent finding that inequality and health are related,with those at the top of the social system being healthier,is known as ______.

A)relative depravation
B)symbolic decline
C)social gradient of health
D)increased strain

Question 23

Talcott Parsons's theory of "the sick role" is most closely associated with ______.

A)structural functionalism
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interaction theory
D)deviance theory

Question 24

Disparities in medical treatment between members of indigenous groups and nonindigenous groups can be attributed to which of the following?

A)having too many clinical services set up to serve indigenous communities
B)cultural racism
C)not having any clinical services set up to serve indigenous communities
D)interpersonal racial discrimination

Question 25

Sociologists have consistently demonstrated a strong correlation between socioeconomic status and ______.

A)racism
B)cultural racism
C)mortality rates
D)health

Question 26

Racism affects nondominant racial populations directly in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______ racism.

A)cultural
B)institutional
C)stereotypical
D)structural

Question 27

The Gini coefficient is an index measuring the level of ______ in a society.

A)health care
B)social gradient of health
C)inequality
D)morbidity

Question 28

The marked inequalities in access to health services is most prevalent in ______.

A)elderly medical services
B)follow-up care
C)preventative care
D)emergency medical services

Question 29

Men are less likely than women to be diagnosed as suffering from ______ and more likely to be diagnosed with ______.

A)stress;physical ailments
B)depression;psychological issues
C)physical pain;depression
D)stress;depression

Question 30

Because they are private companies seeking to further their profits,pharmaceutical companies actually benefit from a ______.

A)decrease in diseases
B)sicker society
C)shift toward alternative medicine
D)healthier society

Question 31

______ groups are social groups that are either negatively or positively privileged.

A)Role
B)Status
C)Gradient
D)Sociological

Question 32

Contemporary ______ theorists argue that increased concentration of population and improved communication will revitalize the idea of common good and alleviate social conflict.

A)relative depravation
B)symbolic decline
C)social capital
D)increased strain

Question 33

Julia primarily identifies herself as a "cancer patient," even though she has been treated successfully.Sociologists might say Julia is suffering from ______.

A)illness identity dependency
B)the medical industrial complex
C)role strain
D)dissociative identity disorder

Question 34

White coats and stethoscopes are examples of ______,which often help to increase patient trust in doctors.

A)symbolic structures
B)ritual objects
C)legitimated instruments
D)congruent tools

Question 35

______ theorists explain the U.S.health-care system as a central part of the capitalist economy that functions to produce profit,not to deliver health care.

A)Functionalist
B)Conflict
C)Interactionist
D)Integrative

Question 36

______ occurs when individuals identify themselves as their disease.

A)The medical industrial complex
B)Illness identity dependency
C)Role strain
D)Dissociative identity disorder

Question 37

Talcott Parsons argued that people adopt the "sick role" as a way of ______.

A)gaining social status
B)benefiting from the nurturing of others
C)seeking empathy
D)avoiding social responsibilities

Question 38

Parsons argued that ______ is a key component of trust between a doctor and patient.

A)shared status
B)functional information
C)clear empathy
D)value congruence

Question 39

The number of diagnoses of disease or other conditions in a given population at a designated time is known as ______.

A)mortality rate
B)sickness index
C)diagnostic structure
D)morbidity

Question 40

The belief that the health-care industry has four interrelated economic functions in capitalist society (accumulation of capital,provision of investment opportunities,absorption of surplus labor,and maintenance of the labor force)is most closely associated with the ______ perspective.

A)functionalist
B)conflict
C)interactionist
D)integrative

Question 41

Medicalization is the definition and treatment of social issues as medical problems.

Question 42

Over 25% of school-age children have received a medical diagnosis of ADHD.

Question 43

What are the three flawed assumptions about health? What are the two common features to these assumptions?

Question 44

Discuss Talcott Parsons's perspective on the shared set of expectations between the patient and the doctor.Be sure to discuss the "sick role" and the four dimensions of the sick role.

Question 45

Age at death and cause of death are not related to social class.

Question 46

Drapetomania is included in the most recent edition of the American Psychological Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Question 47

Discuss Pierre Bourdieu's (1984)theory of the relationship of the body to class position in society.

Question 48

Discuss the relationship between gender and diagnosis of illness.Describe three factors that help explain differences in diagnosis rates between men and women.

Question 49

It is not the extent of inequality within a society but the extent of poverty that determines the distribution of health and illness.

Question 50

What is the medicalization of behavior? Discuss at least three ways medicalization influences how we think about behavior.

Question 51

Women are diagnosed as suffering from more ill-health than men.

Question 52

Countries with relatively minor differences between their richest and poorest are the healthiest.

Question 53

There are no biological markers for ADHD.

Question 54

Changes in lifestyle have little effect on the reduction of cardiovascular disease.

Question 55

Alternative medicine shares many of the characteristics of orthodox medicine by focusing on institutional factors rather than on individual factors as the source of disease.