Deck 10: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Question 1

An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for which kind of disease?

A) respiratory
B) gastrointestinal
C) liver
D) cardiovascular

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A limitation in using the body mass index is that it

A) is difficult to determine.
B) does not take body composition into account.
C) is not a good indicator of health risks.
D) is not accurate when used on women.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of our total energy output is attributable to the thermic effect of food?

A) up to 10 percent
B) up to 20 percent
C) up to 30 percent
D) up to 40 percent

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research studies have shown that the risk for developing type 2 diabetes and hypertension begins to increase at a BMI greater than

A) 24 kg/m².
B) 30 kg/m².
C) 35 kg/m².
D) 40 kg/m².

Question 5

The three components of total energy expenditure are

A) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis.
B) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.
C) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and sleep activity.
D) physical activity, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 6

In a state of energy balance

A) energy consumed is greater than energy expended.
B) energy expended is greater than energy consumed.
C) energy consumed is less than energy expended in physical activity.
D) energy consumed is equal to energy expended.

Question 7

Serena is 5'8" tall and weighs 180 pounds.Serena's BMI indicates that she is

A) underweight.
B) at a healthy weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 8

Body mass index (BMI)is BEST described as

A) the percentage of an individual's body weight as compared to a reference population standard.
B) an individual's lean tissue mass, squared.
C) a ratio of an individual's fat tissue to lean tissue mass, squared.
D) a ratio of an individual's body weight to height, squared.

Question 9

Which nutrient requires the LEAST amount of energy to digest,transport,and store?

A) carbohydrate
B) alcohol
C) fat
D) protein

Question 10

The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting,absorbing,transporting,metabolizing,and storing nutrients is called

A) the basal metabolic rate.
B) the nutrient expenditure quotient.
C) the thermic effect of food.
D) adaptive thermogenesis.

Question 11

Which of the following individuals would MOST likely have the lowest basal metabolic rate?

A) an 18-year-old conditioned male athlete
B) a 28-year-old anorexic woman
C) a 38-year-old pregnant woman
D) a 48-year-old obese male

Question 12

Lance would like to lose two pounds a week.If his present energy intake is 4,200 kcal a day and his energy expenditure does not change,how many kilocalories should he consume each day to achieve his goal?

A) 2,000
B) 2,500
C) 3,200
D) 3,700

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a basal function?

A) respiration (inhaling and exhaling air)
B) circulation of your blood and lymph
C) walking up stairs
D) maintaining your body temperature

Question 14

A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called

A) overweight.
B) obesity.
C) morbid obesity.
D) severe obesity.

Question 15

In men,a waist-to-hip ratio higher than what is associated with an increased risk for chronic disease?

A) 0.80
B) 0.90
C) 1.0
D) 1.1

Question 16

Benjamin is an 18-year-old college student who is 5'10" tall and weighs 170 pounds.How many kilocalories does he expend each day for basal metabolism?

A) 1,375 kcal
B) 1,855 kcal
C) 3,024 kcal
D) 3,360 kcal

Question 17

Robin's dinner contains 750 kilocalories.What is the minimum number of kilocalories that Robin will expend in order to process this meal?

A) 7 kcal
B) 25 kcal
C) 38 kcal
D) 113 kcal

Question 18

The label on a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that a 1-cup serving contains 32 grams of carbohydrate,4 grams of protein,and 2 grams of fat.How many kilocalories are there in a cup of this cereal?

A) 322
B) 266
C) 182
D) 162

Question 19

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's

A) gender.
B) fat body mass.
C) lean body mass.
D) age.

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT define a "healthful body weight?"

A) a weight appropriate for your age and physical development
B) a weight compatible with normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance
C) a weight that is acceptable to you
D) a weight that you can achieve and maintain with continual dieting

Question 21

Leptin is a hormone that tends to reduce food intake.It is produced by what kind of cells?

A) liver cells
B) pancreatic cells
C) muscle cells
D) adipose cells

Question 22

Ghrelin is a(n)

A) gastric hormone that stimulates appetite.
B) intestinal hormone that raises insulin concentrations.
C) hormone produced by adipose cells that decreases appetite.
D) liver enzyme that promotes the excretion of fat.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary components of a sound weight change plan?

A) gradual change in energy intake
B) incorporation of regular and appropriate physical activity
C) application of behavior-modification techniques
D) reduction in the number of restaurant meals eaten per week

Question 24

Which of the following is most likely to promote healthy increases in muscle mass?

A) increasing fruit and vegetable consumption
B) adopting a paleo diet
C) taking amino acid and protein supplements
D) resistance training

Question 25

What is the National Weight Control Registry?

A) a list of medical doctors specially trained to treat individuals with obesity
B) a government agency that monitors fad diets for quackery
C) recommendations from hundreds of registered dietitians suggesting ways to achieve a healthful body weight
D) an ongoing project detailing the habits of people who have achieved and maintained weight loss

Question 26

Which of these is the MOST important dietary aspect to modify for weight loss?

A) Calories
B) protein
C) carbohydrates
D) fat

Question 27

Which of the following does NOT contribute to satiety?

A) expansion of the stomach
B) nutrient absorption from the small intestine
C) decrease in blood sugar
D) the release of PYY into the bloodstream

Question 28

Being underweight increases a person's risk of developing

A) infection and illness.
B) high blood pressure.
C) cancer.
D) type 1 diabetes.

Question 29

Justin is an offensive lineman on his college football team.He is 6'3" and weighs 335 pounds,with a BMI of 42.Which of the following statements about Justin is MOST LIKELY true?

A) He is obese and should make efforts to lose weight.
B) Muscle weight is probably responsible for his high BMI.
C) His bones may be well mineralized, which is responsible for his high BMI.
D) Based on his height, Justin's BMI is in the normal range.

Question 30

Which of the following is the physiological control center for hunger regulation?

A) the stomach
B) the hypothalamus
C) the small intestine
D) the mouth

Question 31

What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting Calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity?

A) The individual will lose adipose tissue.
B) The individual will lose lean body tissue.
C) The individual will lose mostly water weight.
D) The individual will not lose any body weight.

Question 32

Which of the following decreases food intake?

A) beta-endorphins
B) neuropeptide Y
C) serotonin
D) decreased blood glucose levels

Question 33

On average,an individual's BMR decreases approximately 3 to 5 percent per decade after what age?

A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

Question 34

According to the protein leverage hypothesis,which of the following meals best contributes to optimal physiologic functioning?

A) a bowl of oatmeal and a cup of black coffee
B) a salad with peppers, cucumbers, and tomatoes, and a diet cola
C) a bowl of pasta with tomato sauce and a glass of red wine
D) a tuna sandwich and a glass of milk

Question 35

In theory,what would be the approximate weight gain of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcal every day for four weeks (e.g.,about 28 days)?

A) 0.5 lbs
B) 2 lbs
C) 3 lbs
D) 4 lbs

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an example of a low-carbohydrate,high-protein diet?

A) Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution
B) Sugar Busters
C) the DASH diet
D) the paleo diet

Question 37

Miguel weighs 250 pounds and is trying to lose weight.He decides to start an exercise program and starts walking (2 mph)for 30 minutes,five days a week.This activity burns 0.044 kcal/kg body weight/minute.How many additional kilocalories will Miguel burn each week with this exercise regime?

A) 290
B) 560
C) 750
D) 980

Question 38

Which of the following would be good advice for someone who is trying to gain weight?

A) Aim to eat an additional 500 to 1,000 kcal a day.
B) Do not exercise.
C) Avoid snacking.
D) Don't worry about it, because underweight is even more healthful than normal weight.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about a healthful body weight is TRUE?

A) In a culture that equates a greater body weight with wealth and power, obesity is healthful.
B) The skinny body weights popular in the 1960s were healthful role models for Americans.
C) A healthful body weight should be aligned with societal standards of acceptability.
D) There is no one body types that can be defined as healthful.

Question 40

The thrifty gene theory suggests that

A) our bodies are designed to maintain weight within a narrow range.
B) some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people.
C) adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents.
D) our weight is influenced by the inheritance of random genetic mutations.

Question 41

When Jocelyn fidgets throughout a lecture class,she is expending Calories via a mechanism known as

A) basal metabolism.
B) exercise-induced wasting.
C) non-exercise activity thermogenesis.
D) subconscious energy expenditure.

Question 42

If you were to consume 100 kcal more than you expend each day for the next ten years,you would most likely gain

A) no more than a pound.
B) a few pounds.
C) 30-60 pounds.
D) over 100 pounds.

Question 43

In the fall semester,Matthew contracted pneumonia and had to drop his classes and return home to recuperate.He was already underweight,and he lost more weight during his illness.Up to how many extra Calories a day should he consume to regain to a healthy weight?

A) 250 kcal/day
B) 1,000 kcal/day
C) 2,000 kcal/day
D) 2,500 kcal/day

Question 44

While enrolled in a weight-loss program for employees of the company where he worked,Gavin lost nearly 100 pounds over a period of 14 months.At the same time,his BMR slowed.Then he was laid off.Over the next six months,his BMR remained slowed,and he regained two-thirds of the weight he had lost.Which of the following hypotheses BEST explains this phenomenon?

A) the protein-leverage hypothesis
B) the drifty gene hypothesis
C) the thrifty gene hypothesis
D) the set-point hypothesis

Question 45

BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body composition.

Question 46

Which of the following would NOT be practical advice to overcome the "I don't have enough time!" barrier to physical activity?

A) Force yourself to exercise at least 45 minutes at a time every day.
B) When you are talking on the phone, pace instead of sitting still.
C) Meet your friends for a lunchtime walk, jog, or workout.
D) Skip the elevator and take the stairs.

Question 47

Which of the following statements about genetics and body weight is TRUE?

A) Researchers have identified the so-called thrifty gene as the FTO gene.
B) The gene now known to cause obesity is the FTO gene.
C) People who carry the FTO gene may experience higher levels of hunger than people who do not.
D) Approximately 15% to 25% of people are thought to carry the FTO gene.

Question 48

How many minutes per day,on average,do successful "losers" in the National Weight Control Registry spend engaged in physical activity?

A) 30
B) 45
C) 60
D) 80

Question 49

When you consume more protein than you need,the surplus will

A) be converted to liver and muscle glycogen.
B) replenish the body's amino acid pool.
C) contribute to increased muscle mass.
D) be converted to and stored as fat.

Question 50

Individuals with a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m² are classified as

A) obese.
B) overweight.
C) normal weight.
D) underweight.

Question 51

A person with which of the following BMI values has the highest increased risk for premature mortality?

A) 40 kg/m²
B) 30 kg/m²
C) 25 kg/m²
D) 18.5 kg/m²

Question 52

Which of the following is considered the MOST accurate method for estimating a person's body fat composition?

A) skinfold test
B) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
C) underwater weighing
D) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Question 53

Which of the following BEST exemplifies mindful eating?

A) Before beginning to eat a bowl of stew, Kathrin pauses to reflect on the farmers who grew the ingredients, and the soil, sunlight, and water that contributed to its growth.
B) While eating a bowl of stew, Kathrin is mindful of the people around her, their food choices, and their conversation.
C) Even though she doesn't like the taste of the stew she is eating, Kathrin reminds herself to be grateful that she has any food to eat at all.
D) While eating a bowl of stew, Kathrin notices how it warms her mouth and how the fragrances and flavors of garlic and thyme feel comforting to her.

Question 54

A behavior modification strategy for weight loss is to avoid feelings of deprivation by consuming small meals and snacks throughout the day.

Question 55

The group of cells in the hypothalamus that is stimulated by food intake is known as the ________ center.

A) eating
B) satiety
C) basal
D) energy

Question 56

Lower-body obesity significantly increases one's risk for chronic disease.

Question 57

People with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m² are considered

A) normal weight.
B) overweight.
C) obese.
D) morbidly obese.

Question 58

Which of the following is an effective dietary strategy for reducing chronic disease risks?

A) Cut out fats and replace with carbohydrates.
B) Increase intake of unsaturated fats and decrease intake of added sugars.
C) Set fat/protein/carbohydrate intake ratios at 33%-33%-33%.
D) Follow a high-protein diet, with no more than 35% of Calories from carbohydrates.

Question 59

A person who is ill with a fever will experience a(n)

A) increased basal metabolic rate.
B) decreased basal metabolic rate.
C) increased thermic effect of food.
D) decreased thermic effect of food.

Question 60

One distinct advantage of the BMI is that it is able to account for body composition.

Question 61

A woman with a hip-to-waist ratio higher than .80 is at increased risk for chronic disease.

Question 62

Children who are obese are two to three times as likely to experience bullying as children who are normal weight.

Question 63

Waist circumference alone can indicate one's risk for chronic disease.

Question 64

The energy we expend to maintain respiration and circulation is known as the energy cost of physical activity.

Question 65

Serotonin and cholecystokinin increase satiety in humans.

Question 66

An individual's body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass.

Question 67

People whose bodies use relatively more fat for energy are more resistant to weight gain than people whose bodies use relatively more carbohydrate.

Question 68

Pear-shaped fat patterning is more common in men than in women.

Question 69

High levels of pollution from vehicular exhaust has been linked in research studies to underweight in children.

Question 70

The majority of obese people have a low basal metabolic rate.

Question 71

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is the number of kcal we consume,on average,per day.

Question 72

The shoulder-to-hip ratio is useful to assess one's fat distribution pattern and future chronic disease risk.

Question 73

The basal metabolic rate accounts for the majority of our total energy output each day.

Question 74

A healthful body weight is whatever one's culture says it is.

Question 75

Oversecretion of the hormone leptin will result in weight gain.

Question 76

The drifty gene theory suggests that,over time,there is random mutation in the genes that control the upper limit of body fatness.

Question 77

Weight gain is a side effect of certain antidepressants.

Question 78

Because vitamins and minerals have no energy value,they can be disregarded when calculating a day's total energy intake.

Question 79

People trying to gain weight should not engage in aerobic exercise.

Question 80

Obesity is a simple matter of too many Calories in versus too few Calories out.