Deck 21: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

Question 1

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?

A) Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed easily from the intestinal tract into the blood.
B) Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
C) Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods.
D) Water-soluble vitamins are rarely toxic.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate the

A) compound from which the vitamins are synthesized.
B) order of importance that the vitamins play in the body.
C) abbreviation of the vitamins' chemical name.
D) chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds?

A) pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
B) retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid
C) cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol
D) phylloquinone and menaquinone

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following observations led to the discovery of vitamin A?

A) Chickens fed polished rice developed paralysis.
B) Children who regularly ate fish rarely developed a form of blindness common among children who did not eat fish.
C) Impoverished people eating a very low-quality diet were at high risk for developing pellagra.
D) Sailors on long sea voyages developed scurvy.

Question 5

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who

A) eat a diet high in trans and saturated fats.
B) avoid dairy products.
C) have celiac disease.
D) are overweight.

Question 6

Which of the following,found in high-fiber foods,inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc?

A) heme
B) oxalic acid
C) phenol
D) pyridoxine

Question 7

Which of the following is a major mineral?

A) sulfur
B) iodine
C) iron
D) zinc

Question 8

Which of the following statements about micronutrient absorption is TRUE?

A) The body's absorption of micronutrients is somewhat more efficient than the body's absorption of macronutrients.
B) The calcium in spinach, nuts, and seeds is absorbed at a higher percentage than the calcium in milk.
C) Iron competes with both copper and zinc for absorption across the enterocytes.
D) Iron absorption is increased in high-fiber meals and reduced in meals containing vitamin C.

Question 9

The human body can synthesize small amounts of which two fat-soluble vitamins?

A) vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin C
B) vitamin D and vitamin K
C) vitamin E and vitamin A
D) thiamin and niacin

Question 10

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as

A) ascorbic acid.
B) vitamin B₁₂.
C) vitamin K.
D) vitamin B₆.

Question 11

Boron,silicon,and nickel are

A) classified as micronutrients.
B) under consideration by the National Institutes of Health for classification as major minerals.
C) minerals thought to be harmful to human health.
D) thought to be beneficial to human health.

Question 12

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?

A) vitamins A and D
B) vitamins C and K
C) vitamins E and B₁₂
D) thiamin and riboflavin

Question 13

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?

A) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver.
B) Over-consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms.
C) Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat.

Question 14

Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?

A) coenzymes
B) binding factors
C) vitamins and minerals
D) supplements

Question 15

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 16

Vitamins A,D,E,and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in

A) fat.
B) calcium.
C) fiber.
D) vitamin C.

Question 17

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

A) iron
B) sodium
C) sulfur
D) calcium

Question 18

Research studies suggest that adequate intake of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk for

A) cataracts.
B) colon cancer.
C) pneumonia.
D) type 2 diabetes.

Question 19

What distinguishes a major mineral from a trace mineral?

A) quantity of the mineral found in foods
B) quantity of the mineral found in nature
C) daily requirement for the mineral and amount found in the body
D) importance to the body of the mineral

Question 20

Megadosing is defined as consuming a dose of a nutrient that is how many times the recommended intake?

A) double
B) triple
C) ≥ 10
D) ≥ 20

Question 21

Since vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods,they are considered non-essential nutrients.

Question 22

The iron in breakfast cereal is absorbed more readily when consumed with a glass of vitamin C-rich orange juice.

Question 23

Even individuals who eat a variety of healthful foods cannot meet their micronutrient needs from food alone and should take a daily supplement.

Question 24

Protein is more efficiently absorbed by the body than iron.

Question 25

Many minerals are absorbed better from animal food sources than from supplements.

Question 26

The minerals in dietary supplements are synthesized in a laboratory.

Question 27

Research shows that smokers benefit from daily supplements of beta carotene.

Question 28

Ultra-trace minerals are required in amounts less than 1 mg per day.

Question 29

Water-soluble vitamins are not toxic; they are harmless even when consumed in megadose amounts.

Question 30

Exposure to air,heat,and light can break down vitamins,but not minerals.

Question 31

Toxicity to water-soluble vitamins is most often due to the over-use of high-potency vitamin supplements.

Question 32

Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.

Question 33

Micronutrients are essential to consume in large amounts because they are an important source of energy and of compounds required for the synthesis of most body tissues.