Deck 5: Heredity and Disease

Question 1

If alleles are different, then a person is _____ for the trait that allele expresses.

A)diploid
B)haploid
C)heterozygous
D)homozygous

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Polydactyly is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Galactosemia is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Achondroplasia is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 5

Some alleles always produce their trait when inherited and are said to be _____.

A)dominant
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous
D)recessive

Question 6

_____ is an inborn error of sugar metabolism that can lead to impaired mental development and liver damage.

A)Albinism
B)Galactosemia
C)Sickle cell anemia
D)Tay-Sachs

Question 7

Hemochromatosis is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 8

_____ are made from sequences of A, T, G, and C, arranged in different orders and in different lengths.

A)Autosomes
B)Chromosomes
C)Genes
D)Haploids

Question 9

Somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs, a condition called _____.

A)allele
B)diploid
C)haploid
D)recessive

Question 10

Marfan syndrome is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 11

Only gametes contain 23 chromosomes, one chromosome of each pair, a condition called _____.

A)allele
B)diploid
C)haploid
D)recessive

Question 12

Cystic fibrosis is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 13

_____ is a disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin causes deformed red blood cells.

A)Albinism
B)Galactosemia
C)Sickle cell anemia
D)Tay-Sachs

Question 14

Inside the nucleus, DNA is packaged with proteins into _____.

A)autosomes
B)chromosomes
C)genes
D)haploids

Question 15

_____ is an absence of the pigment melanin, resulting in colorless white skin, hair, and eyes.

A)Albinism
B)Galactosemia
C)Sickle cell anemia
D)Tay-Sachs

Question 16

Familial hypercholesterolemia is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 17

Phenylketonuria is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 18

_____ is a rare disease, occurring mostly among families of Eastern European Jewish origin, which causes neurological damage and death in infants.

A)Albinism
B)Galactosemia
C)Sickle cell anemia
D)Tay-Sachs

Question 19

Huntington's disease is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 20

The complete chromosomal composition of the nucleus is called the _____.

A)allele
B)diploid
C)haploid
D)karyotype

Question 21

Sickle cell anemia is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 22

The four chemical bases that make up DNA are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cystosine.

Question 23

If two of the same allele is inherited, the person is homozygous for that trait.

Question 24

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder.

Question 25

Spina bifida is a _____ disorder.

A)congenital
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous
D)sex-linked

Question 26

Cleft lip and cleft palate are a _____ disorder.

A)congenital
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous
D)sex-linked

Question 27

Cerebal palsy is a _____ disorder.

A)congenital
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous
D)sex-linked

Question 28

In a person with Klinefelter's syndrome, there is _____.

A)an extra X chromosome
B)an extra Y chromosome
C)no X chromosomes
D)no Y chromosomes

Question 29

Albinism is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 30

Achondroplasia results in achondroplastic dwarfism.

Question 31

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is an inborn error of metabolism that leads to buildup of toxic products in the brain.

Question 32

Hereditary diseases or disorders often result from a defective gene or genes that produce a defective protein or no protein at all.

Question 33

Normally, each person has forty-four (twenty-two pairs)chromosomes.

Question 34

The loss of an autosomal chromosome is usually incompatible with life.

Question 35

A female has a combination of one X and one Y chromosome.

Question 36

Tay-Sachs is an _____ disorder.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive

Question 37

Cystic fibrosis affects the glands that secrete mucus, leading to recurrent, severe respiratory infections and gastrointestinal disorders.

Question 38

Turner's syndrome results from the presence of _____.

A)only one X chromosome
B)only one Y chromosome
C)two X chromosomes
D)two Y chromosomes

Question 39

Hydrocephalus is a _____ disorder.

A)congenital
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous
D)sex-linked

Question 40

The Y chromosome is _____.

A)large and carries several genes
B)large but carries few genes
C)small and carries few genes
D)small but carries several genes

Question 41

The complete set of DNA in a living thing is known as its _____.

Question 42

Congenital defects usually occur during the first two months of pregnancy.

Question 43

Forty-four of the chromosomes are called _____.

Question 44

Pseudohermaphrodites have either testes or ovaries, but the remainder of the anatomy is mixed.

Question 45

Hemochromatosis is an _____-storage disorder.

Question 46

Polydactyly is a condition of extra _____.

Question 47

_____ disorders are those present at birth or shortly after, not including those caused by genetic or chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 48

Diagnosis of a genetic disorder may involve an _____, where a small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn after the fourteenth week of pregnancy.

Question 49

_____ syndrome is a condition of defective connective tissue, leading to weak blood vessels, joints, and vision problems.

Question 50

In Down syndrome chromosome 21 is inherited in triplicate, a condition called _____ 21.

Question 51

_____ villus sampling involves removing cells from the villi through the cervix.

Question 52

An amniocentesis can only detect about 50 of the thousands of known genetic disorders.

Question 53

Abnormalities of sex-linked inheritance tend to occur more frequently in _____.

Question 54

In the cause of familial diseases, there does not seem to be a single gene, but the effect of several genes working together, called a _____ trait.

Question 55

Congenital diseases can be transmitted to offspring.

Question 56

DNA, which stands for _____ acid, is the chemical blueprint that directs all cell activities.

Question 57

Specialized cells in the ovaries and testis, divide by a process called _____, during which each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are separated.

Question 58

Two of the chromosomes, the X and Y chromosomes, are called _____ chromosomes.

Question 59

_____ are alternative forms of a gene, located on each of the paired chromosomes.

Question 60

A Down syndrome child is always mentally impaired to some degree.