Deck 10: Diseases of the Urinary System

Question 1

The hormones _____ play an important role in the regulation of the nephron's ability to reabsorb salt and water.

A)adrenocorticotropic hormone and oxytocin
B)aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
C)estrogen and progesterone
D)testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In chronic kidney disease, the ability of the renal tubules to concentrate urine is _____.

A)absent
B)augmented
C)decreased
D)increased

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The functional unit of the kidney is the _____.

A)glomerulus
B)loop of Henle
C)nephron
D)renal pelvis

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The color of normal urine ranges from _____.

A)clear to white-colored
B)orange to brown
C)pale yellow to amber
D)light pink to red

Question 5

_____ consist of coagulated protein, blood cells, and epithelial cells.

A)Casts
B)Glomeruli
C)Kidney stones
D)Nephrons

Question 6

Alterations in pH levels result in acidosis, which triggers _____.

A)hyperventilation
B)petechiae
C)seizures
D)tachycardia

Question 7

IgA nephropathy is an inflammatory disease resulting from IgA deposition in the _____.

A)glomeruli
B)nephron
C)ureter
D)urethra

Question 8

The _____ carries blood into the nephron and enters the glomerulus.

A)afferent arteriole
B)loop of Henle
C)ureters
D)urethra

Question 9

Albumin in the urine can indicate _____ of the urinary tract, particularly the glomeruli.

A)congenital absence
B)infection
C)inflammation
D)obstruction

Question 10

Prevention of _____ requires prompt treatment for streptococcal infections.

A)ACE
B)GFR
C)GN
D)NS

Question 11

A significant sign of acute kidney injury include oliguria, or _____.

A)high blood pressure
B)high urine output
C)low blood pressure
D)low urine output

Question 12

A _____ examination enables visualization of the inside of the bladder and urethra.

A)CT
B)cystoscope
C)dialysis
D)MRI

Question 13

IgA nephropathy is a common cause of _____.

A)cystitis
B)glomerulonephritis
C)pyelonephritis
D)urethritis

Question 14

Urinary calculi may cause no symptoms, unless they are larger than _____ in diameter.

A)1/4"
B)1/2"
C)3/4"
D)1"

Question 15

Pus in the urine is called _____, which makes the urine sample turbid or cloudy.

A)dysuria
B)hematuria
C)oliguria
D)pyuria

Question 16

Because females have a shorter _____, the prevalence of UTIs is greater in females than in males.

A)glomerulus
B)nephron
C)ureter
D)urethra

Question 17

_____ is inflammation of the kidney.

A)Cystitis
B)Glomerulonephritis
C)Pyelonephritis
D)Urethritis

Question 18

One symptom of kidney disease can be the odor of ammonia on the breath, which is caused by the accumulation of _____ in the blood.

A)chloride
B)creatinine
C)nitrogen
D)urea

Question 19

The color and volume of urine may indicate disease, for example diabetics produce _____.

A)large volumes of dark and concentrated urine
B)large volumes of pale and dilute urine
C)small volumes of dark and concentrated urine
D)small volumes of pale and dilute urine

Question 20

Lupus nephritis is an _____ disease of the kidney.

A)autoimmune
B)infectious
C)inflammatory
D)opportunistic

Question 21

Acute kidney disease has three main causes: shock, tubular necrosis, and obstructed urine flow.

Question 22

A physical examination of a patient can reveal renal disease because the entire body is affected.

Question 23

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys causes them to release _____, which acts on angiotension.

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)erythropoietin
C)hemodialysis
D)renin

Question 24

A kidney biopsy may be performed to determine the presence of _____ characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.

A)glomeruli
B)lesions
C)Reed-Sternberg cells
D)sickled red blood cells

Question 25

_____ determines the ability of the kidney to clear creatinine.

A)ACE
B)GFR
C)GN
D)NS

Question 26

IgA neuropathy is more common in women than in men.

Question 27

_____ eventually becomes the chief sign of renal cell carcinoma.

A)Painful cystitis
B)Painful uremia
C)Painless glomerulonephritis
D)Painless hematuria

Question 28

The ureter drains urine from the urinary bladder to the outside.

Question 29

The _____ form of PKD affects children.

A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)heterozygous
D)homozygous

Question 30

Prevention for lupus nephritis includes drinking plenty of fluids and maintaining a normal blood pressure.

Question 31

In acute kidney injury, at first low blood pressure occurs, then hypertension.

Question 32

Prevention of IgA nephropathy is not possible.

Question 33

At least three different genes influence the occurrence of _____.

A)glomerulonephritis
B)Lupus nephritis
C)nephrotic syndrome
D)Wilm's tumor

Question 34

Some of the symptoms of hypertensive kidney disease can be managed by controlling _____ intake.

A)chloride
B)potassium
C)sodium
D)water

Question 35

Urinary tract infections are caused primarily by bacteria from the skin or colon.

Question 36

In most cases of _____, signs and symptoms include recurrent kidney stones.

A)glomerulonephritis
B)hydronephrosis
C)medullary sponge kidney
D)polycystic kidney disease

Question 37

Renal disease can be detected through analysis of the blood.

Question 38

In chronic glomerulonephritis, an ultrasound or CT will reveal _____.

A)kidney cancer
B)kidney stones
C)large kidneys
D)small kidneys

Question 39

One of the symptoms of pyelonephritis is sudden back pain that spreads over the abdomen.

Question 40

To prevent kidney stones, or their reoccurrence, _____.

A)fluid intake and dietary calcium should be increased
B)fluid intake and dietary calcium should be reduced
C)fluid intake should be increased and dietary calcium reduced
D)fluid intake should be reduced and dietary calcium increased

Question 41

The urinary system is comprised of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a single _____ that leads to the outside of the body.

Question 42

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused by an antigen-antibody reaction.

Question 43

Following neural signals governing _____, the bladder empties urine into the urethra.

Question 44

Wilm's tumors have a genetic basis.

Question 45

Chronic kidney disease is also related to long-term use of acetaminophen.

Question 46

A significant sign of acute kidney injury is _____, a complete cessation of urine production.

Question 47

Urea and creatinine are nitrogen-containing waste products.

Question 48

One transplanted kidney can replace the function of two nonfunctional kidneys.

Question 49

Renal cell carcinoma is a relatively common type of cancer.

Question 50

Chronic glomerulonephritis is a slowly progressing infection of the glomeruli.

Question 51

Urine from the collecting ducts of the nephrons eventually empties into the renal calyces and renal _____ at the junction of the kidneys with the ureters.

Question 52

One of the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome include low blood pressure.

Question 53

Medullary sponge kidney disease is present at birth, but is usually asymptomatic until adulthood.

Question 54

The signs and symptoms of hypertensive kidney disease include the typical features of systemic hypertension.

Question 55

Hypertensive kidney disease is caused by atherosclerosis of the renal arteries.

Question 56

In Wilm's tumors, cysts may number in the hundreds or thousands.

Question 57

The kidneys produce the substance _____, which regulates blood pressure.

Question 58

Urinary incontinence is best thought of as a sign caused by underlying disease.

Question 59

Kidney cancer increases significantly after age 60, and the incidence of bladder cancer increases after age 70.

Question 60

Hydronephrosis is diagnosed with physical exam and a CT or ultrasound.

Question 61

_____ tumor is a malignant tumor of the kidney pelvis that develops in children.

Question 62

Kidney stones, called urinary _____, occur in 9% of adults in the United States.

Question 63

If the urinary bladder must be surgically removed, an _____ conduit may be constructed to store and evacuate urine.

Question 64

Also called _____ hypertension, hypertensive kidney disease is found in about 1 in 10 people with systemic hypertension.

Question 65

_____ is an inflammatory disease of the glomeruli.

Question 66

_____ incontinence is unexpected flow of urine that occurs with coughing, sneezing, laughing, or lifting.

Question 67

Renal _____ is the progressive loss of kidney function over time.

Question 68

Most cases of nephrotic syndrome are due to glomerulonephritis and _____.

Question 69

_____, a condition of elevated blood potassium, can cause cardiac arrest.

Question 70

_____ is inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Question 71

_____ is a condition of urine retention within dilated kidney tubules.

Question 72

Cystitis is characterized by _____, a painful, burning sensation during urination.

Question 73

One of the diagnostic tests for renal failure is to test the glomerular _____ rate (GFR).

Question 74

_____ kidney disease is the development of numerous fluid-filled pockets of tissue within the kidney.

Question 75

_____, the crushing of kidney stones, is effective for 20% of kidney stones.

Question 76

Diabetic _____ is due to inflammation of the glomerulus.

Question 77

In _____, blood is removed from the body and passed through membranes where toxic substances are removed from the blood and returned to the body.

Question 78

In _____ dialysis, dialyzing fluid is introduced into the abdominal cavity, where the cavity lining acts as a dialysis filter membrane.

Question 79

The metabolic waste products are toxic if they accumulate in the blood, a condition known as _____.

Question 80

Urinary _____ is a common disorder characterized by the loss of bladder control to varying degrees.